Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression and location of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in epithelial nuclei were assessed in invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. The PCNA-positive nuclei showed homogeneous or granular types of immunostaining or a mixture of both, and a gradation in the intensity of staining. Nuclei with homogeneous pattern appeared darker brown than the lighter granular and mixed patterns. Darker nuclei were quite frequently noted, mainly among the epithelial cells adjacent to the stroma. For the marginal zone of invasive adenocarcinoma, the mean proportion of PCNA-stained nuclei in the small acinar pattern was somewhat similar to that in the large acinar pattern, i.e., 8.66% and 9.06%, respectively. In contrast, the mean values in the cribriform pattern were greater than in the small and large acinar patterns, and decreased from the nuclei in the basal position, or adjacent to the stroma, toward the lumen: 14.40% in the basal position, 11.84% in the intermediate and 9.26% in the lumenal. In the solid/trabecular pattern, the proportions of PCNA-positive nuclei were higher than in all the other patterns: 17.60% in the cell layer adjacent to the stroma and 13.88% in the other layers. The trend of value changes in the central zone of the tumour was similar to that obtained in the marginal zone. However, the proportions were lower and the differences statistically significant. This might indicate that the proliferation state is higher in the marginal zone and that the tumour grows eccentrically rather than centrally.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in prostatic invasive adenocarcinoma. Is the proliferation state in the marginal zone of the tumour higher than in the central part? 809 89

PCNA is known as a cell cycle-related nuclear antigen. We stained PCNA immunohistochemically, and examined whether or not PCNA expressive rate could be applied clinically for a biological parameter of the histopathological effects in preoperative chemotherapy. PCNA was stained in proliferating cell by measuring nuclear DNA simultaneously. The most suitable fixation time in PCNA expression was 24 hours. On the examination of fixation fluid, ethanol was considered to be more suitable than buffer formaldehyde because PCNA expressive rate in ethanol correlated to BrdU labeling index with statistical significance. We examined PCNA expressive rate in gastric carcinomas. In the group whose histopathological effects of preoperative chemotherapy was recognized to be positive, PCNA expressive rate was significantly lower than in the group of negative effect. We measured thymidylate synthetase inhibition rate (TSIR) in the cases of preoperative oral administration of 5-FU, and the significantly negative correlation was seen between TSIR and PCNA expressive rate in the cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05). The proliferating activity was recognized to be lower in the cases of higher inhibitional effect for DNA synthesis. PCNA expressive rate was considered to be a more effective and objective biological parameter on the evaluation of malignant potential in gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:[The evaluation of cellular proliferating activity in gastric carcinoma with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressive rate: its fundamental examination of the immunohistochemical procedures and its clinical applications]. 810 59

Endometrial cancers have been considered to be less prevalent in Japan than in Western countries. However, with the increase in life expectancy, the Westernization of the Japanese diet, and changes in the hormonal environment, the prevalence of the disease has gradually increased even in our country. Similar increases in cancers of the breasts, lungs, colons, and ovaries have been noted in recent years. Much is still unknown regarding the pathogenesis and natural history of endometrial cancer. Although endometrial hyperplasia is considered to be a precancerous lesion of endometrial carcinoma, the relationship between those diseases has not been elucidated to the same degree as that between cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia, or carcinoma in situ. Research findings in genetic oncology have revealed that tumorigenesis involves a multi-step process. It is probable that activation of multiple genes, inactivation of anti-oncogenes, and disappearance of normal inhibitor genes occur in the process of the development of endometrial cancer. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between oncogenes and the development of endometrial cancer. In addition, the significance of endometrial hyperplasia as a clinical entity is also be evaluated. The roles played by oncogenes in endometrial cancers and endometrial hyperplasias were examined using the most recent molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. Also, the differences in cellular proliferation and tissue invasiveness were discussed. Results obtained were as follows. Evaluation of cell proliferation (PCNA, FCM) revealed that there was no difference in proliferative activity between atypical hyperplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Evaluation of oncogene abnormalities (c-myc,c-erbB-2,K-ras,p53) revealed that the development of endometrial cancer was a multistep process involving several oncogenes, as it has been noted in the development of other cancers. Evaluation of extracellular matrix and related factors (cathepsin D, laminin, type IV collagen, tenascin, CD44) showed that tissue invasiveness differed between atypical hyperplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the degree of biological behavior in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma: an investigation of proliferative activity, oncogene, and extracellular matrix]. 810 84

Interpretation of pancreatic biopsy material can pose substantial difficulties, particularly in the presence of chronic pancreatitis where ductular changes and fibrosis may mimic adenocarcinoma. We examined whether differences in cell kinetics could aid in the distinction between pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissue was obtained by percutaneous ultrasonographic guided biopsy. There were a total of thirty-four cases comprising patients with chronic pancreatitis (N = 11) and those with adenocarcinoma (N = 23). The cell cycle activity was determined in sections of routinely paraffin-processed, formalin-fixed biopsy material using immunohistochemical stains for the monoclonal proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody PCNA (PC 10), a 36 kd nuclear protein synthesized in the late G 1 and S phase. After calculating the PCNA index (% of positively staining nuclei compared to total number of nuclei counted) these were compared in the conditions studied. The PCNA indices in chronic pancreatitis were low with a mean of 5%, while those of adenocarcinoma were 53% (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the PCNA index in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is significantly higher than in chronic pancreatitis. Determination of the PCNA index may be helpful as an adjunct in the diagnosis of problematic cases.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 810 28

The growth activity of 107 gastric carcinomas was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue with a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). When the tumor doubling times (Tds) of 10 patients were estimated from the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, there was an inverse correlation between the Tds and PCNA labeling index (LI) at P = 0.055. Flow-cytometric analysis was carried out by double staining for PCNA and DNA using fresh materials from 14 patients. The PCNA-positive cell fraction revealed by flow cytometry showed a good linear correlation with PCNA LI in routinely stained tissue. The LI of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of the poorly differentiated type. When the LI was analyzed in well- or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the value was significantly higher in the well-differentiated type with hepatic metastasis and in the poorly differentiated type with lymph node metastasis.
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PMID:Proliferative activity of gastric cancer assessed by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. 810 51

Annexin II is a calcium and phospholipid binding protein and a substrate for protein-tyrosine kinases. Recent investigations have revealed involvement of annexin II in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Increased levels of annexin II are observed in cancer cells and tissues. To investigate the expression of annexin II in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and primary tumors, we measured the levels of annexin II mRNA and protein in normal human pancreas, five established human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, three primary pancreatic cancers and one metastatic tumor. All five cell lines examined had 5- to 15-fold higher levels of annexin II as compared to normal pancreas. Significant elevations (2- to 8-fold) of annexin II expression were observed in the three primary pancreatic tumors and one metastatic tumor examined. Immunocytochemical analysis indicates that the increased expression of annexin II is limited to proliferating ductular adenocarcinoma, and annexin II expression co-localizes with cells that express PCNA. In normal pancreas, annexin II expression is seen in ductal and ductular cells and no expression is seen in acinar or islet cells. We conclude from these findings that annexin II has a role in cell proliferation and its regulation is altered in pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Enhanced expression of annexin II in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and primary pancreatic cancers. 826 29

The versatility of non-radioactive cell-cycle analysis in detecting endogenous nuclear antigens of the proliferating cells was evaluated. Optimal conditions for immunostaining varied in fixation and pretreatment procedures among antigens, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki-67 epitope, DNA polymerase alpha and PCNA. A significant correlation between BrdU labeling index (LI) was observed in each positive ratio (PR, positive/total neoplastic cells) for nuclear antigens in tumor-sections which had been labeled in vivo with BrdU. The best correlation was observed in Ki-67 PR (y = 1.26x + 2.5; y = Ki-67 PR; x = BrdU LI; r = 0.97). To determine its prognostic value, Ki-67 analysis was applied to the surgically resected lung tumors. Ki-67 PR were different according to the histologic types of the tumors: 47.8 +/- 3.4% in small cell carcinoma; 29.5 +/- 3.5% in squamous cell carcinoma; 28.3 +/- 4.7% in large cell carcinoma; 15.2 +/- 1.8% in adenocarcinoma and 0.1 +/- 0.1% in mature carcinoid tumor. When the mean value was used to divide each type to a higher or lower proliferative activity (15% Ki-67 PR for adenocarcinoma and 30% for squamous cell carcinoma), the group with the lower Ki-67 PR showed a significantly more favorable prognosis than that of a higher ratio. Ki-67 PR was not correlated with other pathologic factors such as size, lymph node metastasis or pleural involvement. Non-radioactive cell-cycle analysis was feasible and useful for detecting endogenous nuclear antigens even in the lung tumors, particularly when the analysis was coupled with histologic typing.
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PMID:Cell-cycle analysis detecting endogenous nuclear antigens: comparison with BrdU-in vivo labeling and an application to lung tumors. 834 8

We assessed immunohistochemical expression of p185 and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 68 patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma of the lung was the histological type whose expression of p185 at levels exceeding 10% was greater to a statistically significant degree. Epidermoid carcinoma, on the other hand, was associated with the highest PCNA indices. Although these 2 markers had no prognostic value in the survival study, it must be pointed out that the longest survivors were patients with p185 expression less than 10% in neoplastic cells.
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PMID:[Study of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p185 in non-small cell lung carcinoma]. 868 12

A rare, minor salivary gland tumour of the hard palate in a middle-aged woman was presented. The small (1.0 X 0.5 cm in diameter) hemispherical tumour was well circumscribed with a fine papillomatous surface. Histopathologically, tumour cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and a large nucleus were single-strand cuboidal and columnar cells, which showed intraductal growth exhibiting a cribriform pattern. The histological features were distinct from adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma because the tumour lacked the neurotropic infiltration, cord-like proliferation and targetoid arrangement. The tumour could not be identified as a typical salivary-duct carcinoma because Roman bridging, papillary projection, and severe cell atypia were not found. Tumour cells were negative for PAS, Alcian blue, mucicarmine, p53, c-erbB-2, CEA, S-100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, lactoferrin or vimentin. About 5% of the tumour cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Taking these factors into account, together with the clinical features, the name low malignant intraductal carcinoma seems appropriate.
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PMID:Low malignant intraductal carcinoma on the hard palate: a variant of salivary duct carcinoma? 877 26

Barrett's esophagus (BE), or specialized intestinal metaplasia, is a premalignant heterogeneous epithelium associated with reflux and an increased risk for adenocarcinoma. Since acid is a major component of refluxate, we investigated its effects ex vivo on cell differentiation as determined by villin expression; and on cell proliferation, as determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. To mimic known physiological conditions, endoscopic biopsies of normal esophagus, BE, and duodenum were exposed, in organ culture, to acidified media (pH 3-5) either continuously, or as a 1-h pulse and compared with exposure to pH 7.4 for up to 24 h. Before culture, villin expression was noted in 25% of BE samples, and increased after 6 or 24 h of continuous acid to 50% or 83% of BE samples, respectively. Increased villin expression correlated with ultrastructural maturation of the brush border. In contrast, an acid-pulse followed by culture at pH 7.4, did not alter villin expression in BE. Moreover, continuous acid exposure blocked cell proliferation in BE, whereas, an acid-pulse enhanced cell proliferation, as compared to pH 7.4. Based on our ex vivo findings, we propose a model in which the diverse patterns of acid exposure in vivo may contribute to the observed heterogeneity and unpredictable progression to neoplasia of BE.
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PMID:Dynamic effects of acid on Barrett's esophagus. An ex vivo proliferation and differentiation model. 890 32


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