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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is general evidence that the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the cervix has been rising, particularly among younger women. The determinants of these trends, however, remain largely unknown. We have reviewed the epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix using descriptive data from cancer registration and clinical series and two main sources of analytical data: clinical studies comparing cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous carcinoma (SC) and formal case-control and cohort epidemiological studies. In both the United States and northern Europe there is evidence of the rising frequency of AC in absolute and relative terms as compared to SC. These trends are generally restricted to younger women: under-age-35 AC incidence approximately doubled from the early 1970s to the early 1980s. Available data, although scanty, consistently show that the frequency of cervical adenocarcinoma rises with the number of partners and with decreasing age at first intercourse, suggesting a potential role for sexually transmitted (viral) factors. In clinical series, nulliparity was reported more frequently in AC than in SC cases but an inconsistent association was found in three formal epidemiological studies. Similarities with the epidemiology of endometrial cancer are also suggested from the association with overweight, while a possible relation with hypertension and diabetes is based on clinical series only and hence more difficult to interpret. Thus, adenocarcinoma of the cervix appears to share epidemiological characteristics with both adenosquamous cancer of the cervix and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, although uncertainties in classification and registration leave several questions unanswered.
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PMID:Epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix. 222 71

The associations between colorectal cancer and body weight (expressed as body mass index) and between colorectal cancer and physical activity were examined in 715 histologically confirmed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 727 age- and sex-matched controls. The data were obtained from a large, population-based study, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study, which was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of rectal cancer but not of colon cancer in overweight and obese males but not in females. This association for males remained statistically significant after adjustment was made for dietary risk factors previously established for this study (Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987), with the exception of sodium intake, which produced a downward modification of the relative risk close to unity. The increased risk of rectal cancer in overweight and obese males was modified by beer intake, which was previously found to be a risk for rectal cancer in males in this study. Various levels of physical activity were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in either males or females. Also, the colorectal cancer risks associated with the body mass index were not significantly altered by adjustment for the physical activity level.
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PMID:Body weight and physical activity as predictors of colorectal cancer risk. 230 Apr 99

Overweight patients are common in veterinary medicine, just as they are in human medicine. Although animals also suffer from diseases in the general categories of cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and digestive diseases, many of the specific problems of obese humans do not afflict obese pets. Of tumors, only adenocarcinoma of the breast is a significant problem in dogs and cats. Moreover, a high intake of dietary fat and table food has been reported to be protective in adult dogs; in women, increasing dietary fat has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Two experimental studies in dogs notwithstanding, no published data have been provided suggesting that hypertension accompanies obesity in companion animals currently. Hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance has been reported in diabetic obese dogs as well as in humans. Whether or not weight reduction would correct these abnormalities has not been reported. In humans, central distribution of fat may be more pathological than a peripheral distribution, increasing morbidity due to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. The presence of differences in fat distribution have not been described in companion animals, even though they may influence the risk of obesity-related diseases in pets as well. No studies of investigation of the success of maintenance of the lost weight in client animals exist. Recently reported studies of obese women suggest that maintenance of lost weight may be better maintained with continuous care programs, and support the view that obesity should be treated like other chronic diseases, by providing ongoing care for the rest of the life of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of obesity--the clinical nutritionist's experience. 808 62

The patterns of esophageal cancer are dramatically changing in the United States. Three decades ago the large majority of these cancers were squamous cell carcinomas, but the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been steadily increasing. By the early 1990s, adenocarcinoma had become the most common cell type of esophageal cancer among white patients, although squamous cell cancers still predominated among black patients. The trends are not simply due to gastric cardia cancers now being called esophageal adenocarcinomas, because the rates of tumors appearing just below the esophageal-gastric junction are also increasing. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the primary causes of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. The causes of esophageal adenocarcinoma are not well known; thus, reasons for the increasing incidence are not clear. Tobacco smoking has now been established as a risk factor, but there appears to be little link to alcohol consumption. One of the strongest emerging risk factors, however, is obesity. Increases in the prevalence of obesity and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma are parallel, and several epidemiologic studies have shown upwards of threefold excess risks among overweight individuals. Further research into the causes of these usually fatal cancers may help identify other potential determinants and provide needed information to help stem their increase.
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PMID:The changing epidemiology of esophageal cancer. 1056 4

Bronchoplastic and reconstructive operations (BPRO) are a major issue in the broad methodological spectrum of thoracic surgery. It is the aim of the study to analyze the indications, operative technique and results of such operations on the basis of experience gained in the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery over a 5-year period. A total of 19 patients (14 men and 5 women) at mean age 50.7 y (range 16 to 70 y) are operated. By histological variant of the tumor operated on, the patients are distributed as follows: carcinoid--4 cases, fibromas--1, squamous cell carcinoma--10, adenocarcinoma--1, bronchoalveolar carcinoma--1, small-cell carcinoma--1 and leiomyosarcoma--one. The reconstructive operations performed include: isolated bronchus resection--2, right upper lobectomy with cuff resection--7, right upper bilobectomy with cuff resection--2, left upper lobectomy with cuff resection--7 (in two instances in conjunction with angioplasty), and left lower lobectomy with cuff resection and angioplasty--one. No intraoperative and perioperative lethality (within 30 days) is recorded. An overweight female patient with diabetes hardly lending itself to compensation develops severe suppuration. In two instances serious concurrent complications necessitate reoperation. Overall postoperative hospital stay--20 days; without the 3 severe complications--12.8 days. One patient dies of brain metastases within 6 months of the intervention. The survivorship term in the remainder varies from 1 year to 4 years 9 months, averaging 31 months. There are no stenoses or granulations of the anastomoses requiring endoscopic treatment. Presumably, BPRO are an adequate therapeutic approach to patients presenting centrally located malignant and benign tumors. The results of their application in the series being examined are estimated as very good.
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PMID:[Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the bronchial tree]. 1148 51

To evaluate the evidence for the role of weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention and to identify priorities for research and for public health action in relation to the primary prevention of cancer, an international working group of experts was convened in Lyon in February 2001 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization. The expert group concluded that limiting weight gain during adult life, thereby avoiding overweight and obesity, reduces the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and cancers of the colon, endometrium, kidney (renal cell) and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). Limiting weight gain possibly reduces risk of cancer of the thyroid. Weight loss among overweight or obese persons possibly reduces risks of these cancers, but no definite conclusion can be drawn because of the paucity of the epidemiological evidence. The working group also concluded that there was sufficient evidence for the role of physical activity in preventing colon and breast cancers, and limited evidence for the cancers of the prostate and endometrium. Some of these effects were independent of that of the weight control. Taken together, the working group considered that excess body weight and physical inactivity account for approximately a quarter to one-third of cancers of the colon, breast, endometrium, kidney (renal cell) and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). Thus adiposity and physical inactivity appear to be the most important avoidable causes of these cancers.
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PMID:Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention: international evaluation of the evidence. 1257 Mar 41

Dietary factors including obesity and physical activity are estimated to account for approximately 35% of cancer death in the United States. According to the WHO/FAO report in 2003 based on a review of published epidemiological studies, convincing evidence between diet-related factors and cancer are available for the following associations: physical activity (colorectal cancer), overweight/obesity (cancers of esophagus < adenocarcinoma >, colorectum, breast < postmenopausal >, endometrium and kidney), alcohol (cancers of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver and breast), aflatoxin (liver) and Chinese-style salted fish (nasopharyngeal cancer). Fruits and vegetables (cancers of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and colorectum) and physical activity (breast cancer) probably reduce the risk, while preserved and red meat (colorectal cancer), salt-preserved foods and high salt intake (stomach cancer) and very hot drinks and foods (cancers of oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus) probably increase the risk. Because these evidences are mainly based on epidemiological studies in Western countries, more evidence from the studies in Japan are essential to establish the appropriate recommendations for reducing the risk of developing cancer among Japanese.
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PMID:[Dietary factor and cancer risk--evidence from epidemiological studies]. 1522 99

Large prospective studies show a significant association with obesity for several cancers, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the evidence of a causal link as 'sufficient' for cancers of the colon, female breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, kidney (renal cell), and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). These data, and the rising worldwide trend in obesity, suggest that overeating may be the largest avoidable cause of cancer in nonsmokers. Few obese people are successful in long-term weight reduction, and thus there is little direct evidence regarding the impact of weight reduction on cancer risk. If the correlation between obesity and cancer mortality is entirely causal, we estimate that overweight and obesity now account for one in seven of cancer deaths in men and one in five in women in the US.
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PMID:Obesity and cancer. 1532 11

Recent evidence links obesity with the rising incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In Ireland between 1995 and 2004 the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma increased by 38%, and this coincided with a 67% increase in the prevalence of obesity. In this study, a prospective case-control study was undertaken in 760 patients presenting to a tertiary centre between 1994 and 2004 diagnosed with cancer of the oesophagus, gastric cardia or stomach. Data were compared with 893 healthy controls. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of developing either cancer type according to quartiles of body mass index (BMI). Based on pre-illness BMI, 82% of patients who developed adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus were either overweight or obese compared with 59% of the healthy control population (P<0.001). A dose-dependent relationship existed between BMI and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in males. The adjusted odds ratio was 4.3 (95% CI: 2.3-7.9) among males in the highest BMI quartile compared with males in the lowest quartile (P<0.001 for trend). Using common cut-off points for BMI, the OR of adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus was 11.3 times higher (95% CI: 3.5-36.4) for individuals with a BMI >30 kg/m2 versus individuals with a BMI <22 kg/m2 (P<0.001 for trend). For adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia, males in the top quartile of BMI had an OR of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.3-9.4) compared with the lowest quartile (P=0.03 for trend). A significant (P<0.001) inverse relationship between BMI and oesophageal SCC was observed. The odds ratio for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, the oesophago-gastric junction and gastric cardia rose significantly with increasing BMI. For tumours of the lower oesophagus, obesity increased the risk 10.9-fold. The increased risk is significant in males only.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia: male preponderance in association with obesity. 1663 Jul 14

Diet has been hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of gastrointestinal cancer for a long time. Initially, strong evidence of such effects was found in retrospective epidemiological studies. Dietary habits, in particular those from the distant past, are difficult to measure, however. Results from recent, prospective and larger studies of better quality did not always confirm these associations. Consumption of fruits and vegetables appear to have a modest role in the prevention of gastrointestinal cancers. In contrast, the roles of alcohol consumption and overweight on risk of gastrointestinal cancer have become much clearer. Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for adenocarcinoma (but not squamous carcinoma) of the esophagus, gastric cardia carcinoma (but not noncardia carcinoma), and colorectal cancer, the latter in particular among men. Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for squamous carcinoma (but not adenocarcinoma) of the esophagus, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Selenium may be inversely related to esophageal and gastric cancer.
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PMID:Nutrition in the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer. 1678 31


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