Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human colonic tissue is exposed to a variety of toxic chemicals and potential carcinogens in the diet and the intestinal microenvironment. Colonic adenocarcinoma is commonly resistant to the cytotoxic effects of most chemotherapeutic drugs. We have examined drug metabolic and detoxification pathways in clinical specimens of colon carcinoma and normal adjacent mucosa from 17 patients. All elements of xenobiotic metabolism examined are present in these tissues, including cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes, glutathione, and glutathione-utilizing enzymes. In comparison of tumor tissue to its respective normal mucosa specific alterations in the pathways affecting a number of chemotherapeutic agents were detected, including significantly higher glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and anionic glutathione-S-transferase activity. These and other alterations found here could be the target of therapeutic maneuvers to enhance the efficacy of antineoplastic treatment of human colon cancer.
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PMID:Implications for therapy of drug-metabolizing enzymes in human colon cancer. 275 17

A case of sigmoid carcinoma in a 16-year-old boy is presented and the topic of colonic carcinoma in the young is reviewed. Although colon carcinoma in the younger patient is uncommon, its prognosis is distinctly worse than in the adult population, because the preponderance of mucinous adenocarcinoma in children and young adults represents a more virulent type of colonic malignancy and because the delay in diagnosis contributes to a more advanced stage of the disease at the time of presentation. When dealing with symptoms potentially referrable to this disease, a thorough diagnostic work-up should ensue.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in the young. A case report and review of the literature. 282 29

We report here on a patient with recurrent sigmoid colon carcinoma. Postmortem examination revealed a fist-sized tumor in the retroperitoneum, invasive to the left ureter obstructing its lumen causing hydronephrosis of the ipsilateral kidney. Histological examination of the kidney showed multiple foci of adenocarcinoma cells on the pelvic surface. Invasion into the underlying tissue was not observed, and there was no tumor in the submucosal tissue of the pelvis or in the parenchyma of the left kidney. Cancer cells on the renal pelvic mucosa showed strong immunoreactivities for CEA and CA 19-9. These findings suggest that the tumor foci in the pelvis are formed by the intraluminal implantation of colon cancer cells detached from the ureteric metastasis. Our case presents the possibility of the implantation of carcinoma cells in the human urinary tract.
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PMID:Implantation of colon cancer cells onto renal pelvic mucosa. A case report. 292 Jan 5

Genomic DNA and mRNA from the adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo were used to generate L-cell transfectants and a bacteriophage lambda gt11 cDNA clone that express epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Primary and secondary L-cell transfectants expressing CEA were selected with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). These transfectants, including some clones that were selected for high-level CEA expression by multiple rounds of FACS sorting, express a surface protein of 150 kDa that reacts with all anti-CEA antibodies tested. In parallel, a cDNA library of LoVo poly(A)+ RNA was constructed in lambda gt11 and fusion proteins were screened with polyclonal antisera against CEA. One positive clone, lambda cLV7, was identified that hybridized specifically to transfectant DNA. The nucleic acid sequence of the cDNA insert (cLV7) contained two regions of extensive internal homology, with greater than 70% identity at the amino acid level. cLV7 hybridized to three mRNA species of LoVo cells and to a predominant mRNA of the CEA-expressing transfectants. Hybridization of cLV7 to restriction endonuclease-digested genomic DNA of colon carcinoma cells, normal human cells, and human-mouse somatic cell hybrids revealed the presence of multiple hybridizing bands, one of which was present in transfectant cells. These CEA-related sequences are not rearranged in tumors and, by somatic cell hybrid analysis, were mapped to human chromosome 19.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen family: expression in a mouse L-cell transfectant and characterization of a partial cDNA in bacteriophage lambda gt11. 295 15

Using the NIH 3T3 transformation assay system, an activated c-Ha-ras transforming gene has been identified in three distinct early passage colon carcinoma cell lines isolated from an invasive, differentiated, adenocarcinoma. The p21 c-Ha-ras gene product from these cell lines displayed an altered electrophorectic mobility and a point mutation in the DNA coding sequence leading to an amino acid substitution at position 12.
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PMID:c-Ha-ras not c-Ki-ras activation in three colon tumour cell lines. 299 2

We performed ultrastructural analysis on 70 consecutive patients with solitary cancers in lung with the following histologic classifications: adenocarcinoma (42 cases), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (13), large cell carcinoma (4), and adenosquamous carcinoma (11). Of these 70 cases, nineteen (13 adenocarcinomas, 4 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and 2 adenosquamous carcinomas) contained cell surface microvilli with microvillous core rootlets and/or glycocalyceal bodies. Subsequent clinical followup revealed that three of these 19 cases were actually metastatic colon carcinoma. The remaining 16 patients are currently free of extrathoracic primary disease and are therefore, presumably, primary carcinoma of the lung. Since both primary and metastatic tumors showed cell surfaces with microvilli having core rootlets and glycocalyceal bodies, we conclude that the presence of these ultrastructural features does not always permit the distinction between primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma in lung.
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PMID:Limitations of the usefulness of microvillous ultrastructure in distinguishing between carcinoma primary in and metastatic to the lung. 302 33

A monoclonal antibody to a cell surface glycoprotein on human colorectal carcinomas was raised using the undifferentiated colon carcinoma cell line MIP 101 as the immunogen. This antibody, ND4, is an IgG2a which does not cross-react with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), non-specific cross-reacting antigen, or blood group substances A, B, and H. Immunoprecipitation using lysates of cells grown in [35S]methionine or [3H]glucosamine and lysates of cells surface labeled with 125I showed binding to a cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 160,000. Indirect immunofluorescence showed binding to the cell surface of 14 of 15 human colorectal carcinoma cell lines including six of six that do not secrete CEA. Two of seven human noncolorectal carcinoma lines and one of six nonhuman cell lines also bound antibody. Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed tissues showed prominent antibody binding with 19 of 33 (58%) human colorectal carcinomas, including five of six poorly differentiated tumors, five of 43 (12%) normal colonic mucosal biopsies, and one of 17 (6%) normal noncolonic tissues. One of 11 (9%) noncolonic tumors, a gastric adenocarcinoma, stained with ND4. Preliminary data obtained by a nonquantitative nitrocellulose dot-immunoassay have tentatively identified this glycoprotein in the serum of 15 of 37 (41%) patients with colorectal cancer. Three of the 15 patients had early stage disease and normal CEA levels (less than 2.5 ng/ml). Three patients had circulating antigen detectable preoperatively but not after tumor resection. Only one of 11 (9%) sera samples from normal subjects was positive. The characteristics of ND4 suggest that it may be of value in monitoring patients with colorectal carcinomas who do not have plasma CEA elevations. It may also be of value in the differential diagnosis of metastatic, poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of unknown primary origin.
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PMID:A cell surface glycoprotein expressed by colorectal carcinomas including poorly differentiated, noncarcinoembryonic antigen-producing colorectal tumors. 305 11

We have evaluated the level of pp60c-src protein kinase activity in a variety of human tumor tissues and human tumor cell lines, and have estimated the abundance of the c-src protein in several of these tissues and cell lines. All cell lines derived from tumors of neuroectodermal origin that express a neural phenotype were found to possess c-src molecules with high levels of tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. In contrast, cell lines derived from tumors of neuroectodermal origin that do not express neural characteristics, such as glioblastomas and melanomas, were found to have pp60c-src molecules with low levels of protein kinase activity. A similar pattern was observed when we analyzed the activity of c-src molecules extracted directly from corresponding tumor tissues. Analysis of human tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than those of neuroectodermal origin revealed that pp60c-src protein kinase activity was low in most cases. Exceptions to this observation were all rhabdomyosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and colon carcinoma lines tested. Comparison of pp60c-src kinase activity in normal skeletal muscle and rhabdomyosarcoma tissue and in normal breast tissue and breast adenocarcinoma tissue revealed that pp60c-src kinase activity was specifically elevated in the tumor tissues in both cases. However, the amount of pp60c-src protein in both normal and tumor tissues was found to be similar. These observations suggest that increases in the specific activity of the pp60c-src phosphotransferase in some rhabdomyosarcomas and breast carcinomas may be a characteristic acquired during the malignant transformation of the cells that is retained in cell lines established from these tumors.
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PMID:Analysis of pp60c-src protein kinase activity in human tumor cell lines and tissues. 309 83

A 75-year-old woman evaluated for "drop attacks" 3 years after anterior resection for colo-rectal cancer developed hyponatremia associated with a morning cortisol of 5.7 micrograms/dl, a plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone level of 319 pg/ml, and an inadequate response to cosyntropin. Computed tomography scan demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenals revealed adenocarcinoma, histologically similar to her previous colon carcinoma. Addison's disease secondary to isolated colon cancer metastases to the adrenals is rare. Our report represents the first antemortem histologically confirmed diagnosis of this entity. A review of the available literature is presented.
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PMID:Adrenal insufficiency. A rare initial sign of metastatic colon carcinoma. 330 24

Four monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (35, 115, 17-1A, and B72.3) directed towards human carcinoma surface antigens have been studied in athymic nude mice with LS174T, CO112, or SW948 colon carcinoma xenografts or negative control melanoma (MEL-1), lymphoma (Namalwa), and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma xenografts to evaluate the effects of antigenic heterogeneity and time after administration on localization and imaging. 125I-labeled 115 showed the highest uptake of any antibody in LS174T tumors. MoAbs 35 and B72.3 showed similar but lower levels of uptake in LS174T and CO112 tumors, but B72.3 concentrated less in SW948 tumors. 17-1A showed the highest degree of accumulation in SW948 tumor xenografts. No specific uptake of the four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was observed in MEL-1, Namalwa, or MCF-7 xenografts. The specificity of the in vivo tumor localization of the four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was confirmed by the low degree of accumulation of a control MoAb against influenza virus in LS174T tumors. Imaging studies with 131I-labeled colorectal cancer MoAbs showed specific uptake and retention in LS174T tumors, with progressive clearance from the whole body. The colorectal cancer MoAbs were compared for immunohistochemical binding against biopsies from patients with colorectal cancer and adjacent normal colonic tissue. Most colorectal cancer specimens showed moderate to strong staining with the four MoAbs. The percentage of positive cells varied within and between tumors demonstrating antigenic heterogeneity. Absent to slight focal staining was seen with normal colon tissue. B72.3 showed the highest degree of staining specificity. This study indicates a difference in the immunohistochemical binding of a panel of MoAbs against biopsies of colon adenocarcinoma and a dependence of in vivo localization on the human colon cancer cell line used as target. This has important implications for future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
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PMID:Localization and imaging of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against colorectal carcinoma in tumor-bearing nude mice. 339 Aug 28


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