Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the previous study, we generated a monoclonal antibody, 8F11, against NL-17, a high metastatic clone derived from a metastatic variant of murine colon adenocarcinoma 26. 8F11 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by NL-17 and recognized a Mr 44,000 membrane protein as antigen. In the present study, the reactivity of 8F11 to murine B16 melanoma and its metastatic variants was examined, and the antigen recognized by 8F11 on the cell surface was characterized. 8F11 was found to strongly react with 3 metastatic variants of B16 melanoma. In contrast, only slight reactivity was observed with parent B16 melanoma. The reactivity of the antibody to these cells was in the order B16F10 greater than B16BL-6 greater than B16F1 much greater than B16. Western blot analysis showed a Mr 41,000 protein as the antigen recognized by 8F11 on the cell surface of B16F10 cells. The Mr 41,000 antigen appeared to be a glycoprotein that bound to wheat germ agglutinin as has been observed for the Mr 44,000 antigen of NL-17. To elucidate the functional role of the Mr 41,000 antigen in B16 melanoma, platelet aggregation induced by B16 and B16F10 was compared. B16 was reported to stimulate platelet aggregation by the generation of thrombin, whereas B16F10 was found to activate platelet by at least 2 mechanisms: one dependent on thrombin and the other independent on thrombin. The activity of B16 and its metastatic variants to induce platelet aggregation in the presence of MD805, a synthetic antagonist of thrombin, well correlated with the reactivity of 8F11 to these cells. 8F11 blocked platelet activation by B16F10 under conditions preventing thrombin activity such as enzymatic formation of lysolecithin through the treatment of the cell surface with phospholipase A2 or in the presence of MD805. These data indicate that Mr 41,000 glycoprotein recognized by 8F11 on metastatic variants of B16 melanoma is involved in the thrombin-independent platelet aggregation. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of Mr 41,000 glycoprotein expression of B16 and its metastatic variants and their pulmonary metastasis after i.v. injection, suggesting Mr 41,000 glycoprotein, as well as other factors reported previously, may play an important role in the hematogenous spread of B16 melanoma.
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PMID:Expression of a Mr 41,000 glycoprotein associated with thrombin-independent platelet aggregation in high metastatic variants of murine B16 melanoma. 220 29

A rat tumor-associated antigen with properties similar to those of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been detected with rabbit immune sera in extracts of transplantable rat colonic adenocarcinoma, RCA-1. This antigen, termed rat CEA, was also detectable by a monkey antihuman CEA serum and a rat monoclonal antibody to rat CEA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of perchloric acid extracts of RCA-1 tumor, followed by immunoblotting with the above-mentioned anti-CEA reagents, revealed that rat CEA activity resided in components with a molecular weight of approximately 350 kD. The glycoprotein nature of these components was indicated by positive staining with periodic acid-Schiff. Sephadex G-200 chromatography, as well as Sepharose 4B chromatography with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the 350-kD components existed in the extracts as molecular aggregates. The 350-kD material, which had been purified by an affinity column containing rat monoclonal antibodies to rat CEA, reacted with the rabbit and monkey anti-CEA sera. This provided strong evidence that serological activity of rat CEA was confined to the 350-kD components.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of rat carcinoembryonic antigen. 224 75

Sixty-six human lung neoplasms of different histological types and normal bronchial epithelial cells of newborn babies and adults were studied histochemically using ConA and PSA and the result was compared with that of CEA. Normal mucosal epithelium could bind to ConA, and the location of ConA receptors was related to the maturation of mucosal epithelial cells. Normal mucosal epithelium in adult bronchi failed to be stained with PSA and anti-CEA, and most of lung neoplasms could bind to PSA and positive for CEA, indicating that new glycoconjugate and CEA-glycoprotein could be synthesized after malignant transformation of mucosal epithelium. The binding of ConA, PSA and anti-CEA to cell membrane and nucleus membrane was characteristic of squamous cell lung cancer while lung adenocarcinoma mainly showed cytoplasmic staining. The weak staining of ConA, PSA and anti-CEA in small cell carcinoma and negative staining in carcinoid and malignant melanoma help testify that their origin may differ from that of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Histochemical localization of glyco-conjugate and CEA-glycoprotein in human lung neoplasms]. 224 89

The quantitative changes of glycosaminoglycans in tumor tissue of human lung cancers (6 squamous cell carcinomas, 7 small cell carcinomas and 10 adenocarcinomas) were studied. Normal lung tissues contained of 3.38 mumol uronic acid/g dry weight glycosaminoglycans which consisted of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. The total amount of glycosaminoglycans in human lung cancer tissues increased 1.7 to 3.5 times in comparison with that in normal lung tissues. The increase in tissue content of glycosaminoglycans was accompanied by an increase in the chondroitin sulfate level in every histologic type of lung cancer, as well as marked increase in hyaluronic acid level in squamous cell carcinomas, and a moderate increase in small cell carcinomas. The concentrations of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in lung cancer tissues did not show any significant changes compared with those in normal lung tissues. The increase in total amount and changes in the composition of glycosaminoglycans in human lung cancer tissue were closely related to the histologic type of the tumor. In adenocarcinomas, some acid glycoprotein with sialic acid was simultaneously detected during the separating course of glycosaminoglycans, which was considered to be derived from mucinous substances related to adenocarcinoma cells.
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PMID:[Glycosaminoglycans in human normal lung tissues and lung cancer tissues]. 229 Feb 28

Sialomucins are the dominant components of the cell surfaces of some carcinoma ascites cells and have been postulated to inhibit recognition of tumours by the immune system. The sialomucin ASGP-1 (ascites sialoglycoprotein-1) of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma is associated with the cell surface as a complex with a concanavalin-A-binding glycoprotein called ASGP-2. This sialomucin complex has been purified from ascites cell microvilli by extraction with Triton X-100 and CsCl density-gradient centrifugation. ASGP-1 (which has been purified previously) and ASGP-2 were dissociated in 6 M-guanidine hydrochloride and separated by gel filtration. The molecular mass of the undenatured detergent complex of ASGP-2, estimated by gel filtration and velocity sedimentation in Triton X-100, was 148 kDa. Since the apparent molecular mass by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was about 120 kDa, ASGP-2 must be a monomer as extracted from the membrane. Studies of its chemical composition indicate that it contains about 45% carbohydrate by weight, including both mannose and galactosamine. Alkaline borohydride treatment of ASGP-2 converted approx. half of the N-acetylgalactosamine to N-acetylgalactosaminitol, demonstrating the presence of O-linked oligosaccharides. Analyses of mannose-labelled Pronase glycopeptides from ASGP-2 by lectin-affinity chromatography on concanavalin A and leucocyte-agglutinating phytohaemagglutinin suggested that 40% of the label was present in high-mannose/hybrid oligosaccharides, 20% in triantennary oligosaccharides substituted on the C-2 and C-4 mannose positions and 40% in tri- or tetra-antennary oligosaccharides substituted on C-2 and C-6. The presence of polylactosamine sequences on these oligosaccharides was suggested by lectin blots and by precipitation from detergent extracts with tomato lectin. From chemical analyses and lectin-affinity studies, we estimate that ASGP-2 contains four high-mannose and 13 complex N-glycosylated oligosaccharides, plus small amounts of polylactosamine and O-linked oligosaccharides. The presence of four different classes of oligosaccharides on this glycoprotein suggests that it will be an interesting model system for biosynthetic comparisons of the different glycosylation pathways.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of ascites sialoglycoprotein-2 of the cell surface sialomucin complex of 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. 230 61

Oligosaccharides with Lex determinant (Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc) are accumulated in large quantities in various adenocarcinomas. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing mono-, di-, or trimeric Lex showed a preferential staining of specific stages of human fetal tissues and various human adenocarcinomas. Thus, these carbohydrate epitopes are typical of oncodevelopmental antigens. The present study investigated the presence of Lex epitope in sera of normal individuals and cancer patients, utilizing two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies, SH1 and SH2, directed to mono- and dimeric Lex structures, respectively. The Lex antigen in serum was eluted in the void volume fraction of a gel filtration column, determined by using monoclonal antibody SH1, and found to be carried on a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 200,000. The Lex antigen was present in the void volume fraction of the majority (85%) of sera from adenocarcinoma patients. Although the Lex epitope was also detected in a smaller proportion (33%) of normal sera, its levels were significantly lower than in cancer sera. Lex antigen was also detected in serum glycolipid fraction; however, no significant differences were observed in normal and cancer sera. A double determinant solid phase immunoassay utilizing SH2 as the capture antibody and SH1 as the detecting antibody allowed direct determination of Lex levels in sera. By the use of this direct assay, the levels of serum Lex were found to increase in association with the progression of colorectal cancer (Dukes A to D). The percentage of detectability in sera from colon cancer patients was as follows: Dukes A, 20%; Dukes B, 45%; Dukes C, 67%; and Dukes D, 74%. The levels of serum Lex were also of prognostic value in Dukes C cancer patients after surgery and during postoperative follow-up.
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PMID:Profiles of Lewisx-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids in sera of patients with adenocarcinoma. 230 2

Monoclonal antibody B72.3 reacts with a tumor-associated glycoprotein designated TAG-72 that is expressed in many adenocarcinomas but not in normal tissues. The authors evaluated the immunoreactivity of B72.3 to benign, hyperplastic prostate, and to primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate to determine the frequency of TAG-72 production by benign and malignant prostatic epithelium. Focal cytoplasmic staining of gland cells was seen in 19 of 20 cases of glandular hyperplasia, and weak, homogeneous staining of secretions was seen in five cases. In contrast, 27 of the 35 (77%) adenocarcinomas studied showed at least focal intense staining of secretions, and 30 (86%) of the tumors showed some cytoplasmic immunostaining with B72.3. Positive staining occurred in all of the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (100%) but was seen less often in moderately differentiated (82%) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (58%). Because benign gland cells may express the TAG-72 antigen, immunohistochemistry results must be interpreted with caution and with regard to the overall morphologic pattern. Nonetheless, a positive B72.3 immunostain may be useful in identifying adenocarcinoma of the prostate, especially when an intense luminal reaction is found. A negative stain does not exclude the presence of adenocarcinoma, however.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma. Evaluation of immunoreactivity to monoclonal antibody B72.3. 232 78

The CD4 glycoprotein serves as a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus HIV, the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have examined the expression of CD4 molecules in a clone (HT29-D4) derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. HT29-D4 cells synthesized a 60 kDa polypeptide immunoprecipitated with two anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies after metabolic or cell surface labeling. This 60 kDa polypeptide was also immunodetected using the same antibodies in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells CEM which are known to express CD4. HT29-D4 cells can be induced to differentiate into enterocyte-like cells by removing glucose from the culture medium. Under these conditions, HT29-D4 cells form a polarized epithelial monolayer in which tight junctions separate the plasma membrane in an apical and a basolateral domain. The localization of CD4 molecules in differentiated HT29-D4 cells was exclusively restricted to the basolateral membrane domain as demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence studies. Therefore the HT29-D4 clonal cell line represents a unique model for polarized HIV infection of colonic epithelial cells and may be useful to understand some of the gastrointestinal disorders occurring in AIDS patients.
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PMID:CD4 molecules are restricted to the basolateral membrane domain of in vitro differentiated human colon cancer cells (HT29-D4). 236 56

The development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a major factor in limiting the response rate of cancer chemotherapy. Several mechanisms of such resistance are reported. Recently, expression of MDR gene and synthesis of p-glycoprotein by the MDR gene was reported as a mode of multi-drug resistance, but the mechanism of the resistance to cisplatinum (CDDP) remains unclear. Detoxification of CDDP, increase of the efflux of the drug and increase of DNA repair are considered to be the mode of CDDP resistance. It is widely documented that caffeine enhances the cytocidal effect of certain anti-cancer agents. The inhibition of DNA repair by caffeine has been considered to be one mechanism which enhances the cytocidal effect of such agents. We conducted the present study to evaluate the combination effect of caffeine and CDDP on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC9/P and its CDDP resistant cell line PC9/R. Cell growth inhibition was measured by clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis was performed with propidium iodide (PI) stain using flow cytometer (FCM). Caffeine enhanced the effect of CDDP on PC9/P synergistically. However, the combination effect of the two drugs was not apparent on PC9/R. Caffeine decreased G2M accumulation due to CDDP exposure in both cell lines. The data indicate that caffeine does not overcome the resistance of PC9/R, whereas caffeine enters PC9/R. It is suggested that increase of DNA repair might not be a mode of the CDDP resistance of PC9/R.
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PMID:[Combination effect of caffeine and cisplatin on a cisplatin resistant human lung cancer cell line]. 236 37

Studies were conducted in 343 women on the clinical utility of the newly developed tumor-associated mucin-type glycoprotein, CA 54/61, as a tumor marker in serum for ovarian cancer. The overall positivity rate of the new marker was 60%, lower than the rate of 88% obtained with CA 125 measured concurrently. Concerning tumor histology, CA 54/61 had a positivity rate of 78% in mucinous adenocarcinoma, compared with 44% with CA 125. There was no correlation between the serum levels of CA 54/61 and CA 125 (r = 0.05). CA 54/61 showed a low rate of positivity in benign disease and only exceeded the cutoff value in one patient with an endometrial cyst, whereas CA 125 had a positivity rate of 60%. The false-positive rates for CA 125 during the first trimester of pregnancy and during menstruation were 57 and 16%, respectively, whereas the rates for CA 54/61 were only 11 and 5%, respectively. Assay of both CA 54/61 and CA 125 increased the success rate in diagnosing ovarian cancer to 95% (38 of 40 patients).
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of tumor-associated mucin-type glycoprotein CA 54/61 in ovarian cancers: comparison with CA 125. 238 20


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