Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study ultrastructural changes that accompanied the tumorous transformation of the descending rat colon epithelial cells, following short treatment with a direct carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), with subsequent prolonged treatment with secondary bile acids, lithocholic (LCA) and deoxycholic (DCA), which enhanced tumor formation. Colon epithelial cells after long treatment with bile acids alone were characterized by the presence of an irregular nuclear membrane, ring-shaped rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), collagen-like tonofilaments and membrane-bound mucous vacuoles. Tumor cells which developed following treatment with MNNG alone were characterized by the irregular shape of the nuclear membrane and, sometimes, by polynuclei, accumulation of large amounts of mitochondria, loss of cell-cell contacts and by endocytosis of the cell membrane. After combined treatment with MNNG and LCA, many mitochondria lost their membranous envelope; in the cytoplasm many collagen-like tonofilaments, ring-shaped RER and many free ribosomes were present. After treatment with MNNG and DCA, many polysomes were found in the cytoplasm. It was apparent that treatment with MNNG alone caused the development of adenocarcinoma-like tumors, while additional treatment with secondary bile acids significantly enhanced these changes, which were accompanied by the development of atypia and anaplasia of epithelial cells, with many irregularities in intracellular organization.
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PMID:Ultrastructural changes in rat colorectal epithelium and tumors after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and secondary bile acids. 175 92

FCE 24157 (chemically (beta-[1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-4--[1-methyl-4-(4-N,N- bis(2-chloroethyl) amino-benzene-1-carboxy-amido) pyrrole-2-carboxiamido]pyrrole-2-carboxyamido)pyrrole-2-c arboxyamido]) propionamidine, hydrochloride) is a distamycin A (Dista A) derivative bearing a benzoyl mustard moiety instead of the formyl group at the N-terminal. Contrary to Dista A, FCE 24517 has been found to display potent cytotoxic activity on human and murine tumour cell lines. The compound maintains activity on melphalan (L-PAM)-resistant cells, whereas cross-resistance is observed on doxorubicin-(DX)-resistant cells. In vivo, FCE 24517 was found to possess evident antineoplastic activity on a series of murine transplanted solid tumours and human tumour xenografts. The following neoplasms were in fact found to be sensitive to FCE 24517 treatment: M14 human melanoma xenograft, N592 human small cell lung carcinoma, MTV murine mammary carcinoma, Colon 38 murine carcinoma, PO2 murine pancreatic carcinoma and M5076 murine reticulosarcoma. Lower effectiveness was observed against the murine P388 and Gross leukaemia, Lewis lung murine carcinoma, LoVo human colon carcinoma xenografts and A459 human lung adenocarcinoma. Against the murine L1210 leukaemia, FCE 24517 displayed a clear activity only when the tumour was transplanted i.p. and treatment was given i.p., whereas only marginal activity was seen against this leukaemia if transplanted i.v. and the drug was given i.v. As true also in vitro, FCE 24517 was effective against i.p. implanted L1210 leukaemia resistant to L-PAM. The mode(s) of action of this new compound is under active investigation.
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PMID:Biological profile of FCE 24517, a novel benzoyl mustard analogue of distamycin A. 176 67

One hundred fifty-one patients with colorectal polyps containing invasive adenocarcinoma treated by resection were studied to determine the incidence of lymph node metastasis and whether lymph node metastasis was related to the depth of invasion. Other variables evaluated included size and configuration of the polyp, grade of adenocarcinoma, presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion, and degree of differentiation. In patients with sessile polyps, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was 10 percent. Eighty percent of these lesions had lymphovascular invasion. For pedunculated polyps, the overall incidence of lymph node metastasis was 6 percent. However, there was no incidence of lymph node metastasis when the depth of invasion was limited to the head, neck, and stalk of the polyp (Levels 1, 2, and 3). Only when the depth of invasion reached to the base of the stalk (Level 4) was the risk of lymph node metastasis high (27 percent). The other risk factors were not associated with lymph node metastasis. We concluded that the most significant risk factor for lymph node metastasis in patients with invasive carcinoma in a polyp was invasion into the submucosa of the bowel wall (Level 4).
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Apr
PMID:The risk of lymph node metastasis in colorectal polyps with invasive adenocarcinoma. 184 10

Preincubation of murine colon 26 colon adenocarcinoma cells with gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), but not alpha-interferon, produced a significant increase in experimental pulmonary metastases in syngeneic BALB/c and T-cell-deficient BALB/c nude mice. The enhancement was seen after as little as 1 h of exposure to 1 unit/ml of IFN-gamma and persisted for at least 72 h following removal of the cytokine. IFN-gamma exerted its effects by increasing the pulmonary retention of cells during the first 6 h following tumor cell injection. During this period all cells visualized in the lung were trapped in pulmonary capillaries. The enhancement was not due to modulations in class I major histocompatibility complex surface antigen expression; nor was it due to alterations in cell size, adhesion to components of the extracellular matrix in vitro, heterotypic or homotypic adhesion, sensitivity to lysis by activated peritoneal macrophages, osmotic fragility, enhancement of surface class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression, or enhancement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Colon 26 was completely resistant to natural killer cell-mediated lysis in vitro, and IFN-gamma did not modulate the ability of colon 26 to form conjugates with isolated splenocytes. In vivo elimination of anti-asialo GM1 + cells increased pulmonary metastasis, and in such mice, there was no longer a difference in metastatic potential between control and IFN-gamma-treated cells. We conclude that low doses of IFN-gamma generated at the site of the tumor by host-infiltrating cells or during cytokine therapy could enhance the survival of tumor cells in the circulation and enhance their metastatic potential.
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PMID:Enhancement of metastatic potential by gamma-interferon. 190 80

The optimal laboratory evaluation for the early detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer is controversial. This investigation was undertaken to compare the efficacy of liver function tests (LFTs) with that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels for the early detection of liver metastases. Patients who developed liver metastases after potentially curative resections of adenocarcinoma of the colorectum between 1974 and 1988 were reviewed. The following laboratory tests were serially evaluated during the follow-up period: CEA, alkaline phosphatase (AP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). These values were retrospectively assessed from the time of documented liver metastases to identify which lab value(s) were elevated initially. Ninety-two patients were available for study. Average time for the occurrence of liver metastases was 20 months (range, 3-72 months). The incidence of elevation of individual tests at the time of suspicion of liver metastasis was: CEA, 94.6 percent (P less than 0.25, chi-squared); AP, 18.5 percent; SGOT, 12.0 percent; SGPT, 5.4 percent; and LDH, 29.3 percent. When comparing CEA with a battery of LFTs at the time of suspicion of liver metastasis, CEA was elevated with normal LFTs in 64.1 percent (P less than 0.05, chi-squared), the most frequent occurrence. At least one LFT was elevated with a normal CEA in only 2.2 percent; CEA and at least one LFT were increased in 30.4 percent; and both tests were normal in only 3.3 percent. These results indicate that, of the individual laboratory tests performed, CEA elevation heralds liver metastases significantly more frequently. LDH is the liver function test most frequently elevated when liver metastases are first suspected. When CEA is directly compared with a battery of LFTs, CEA is statistically significantly more frequently elevated. In fact, suspicion of liver metastases would have been delayed by the omission of LFTs in only 2.2 percent of patients. Therefore, we conclude that LFTs should be deleted from the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients, decreasing costs without significantly decreasing accuracy.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Role of carcinoembryonic antigen and liver function tests in the detection of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. 191 46

After radical surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma, the presence of venous and neural invasion of tumor cells was correlated with the pattern of treatment failure, local in the pelvis or distant. Of 128 operation specimens, venous and neural invasion was demonstrated in 22 percent and 32 percent, respectively. A significant decrease of the distant recurrence-free 5-year survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was seen when venous invasion was demonstrated (32.9 percent vs. 84.3 percent; P less than 0.0001), whereas more local failures were registered in patients with neural invasion. The local recurrence-free 5-year survival in patients with neural invasion was 64.3 percent, compared with 81.1 percent when neural invasion was not demonstrated (P = 0.03). Their prognostic value was then studied in a Cox regression model including stage and grade. Neural invasion had the strongest association with local recurrences, whereas venous invasion was found to be the third strongest independent predictor of metastasis, after lymph node status and extent of local tumor infiltration. We conclude that examining for the presence of venous and neural invasion gives reliable prediction of recurrences after radical resection of rectal cancer. Recording of tumor recurrence pattern may lead to a better selection of patients for adjuvant therapy after surgery.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma. 191 47

Tissue polyamine levels were determined in patients with colon adenocarcinoma to try to identify biochemical indicators able to characterize the growth and the metabolism of human solid tumors. Polyamine content was determined in the tumor and in the "healthy" mucosa sampled at different distances within the resection edges. For each patient the polyamine content in the tumor was compared with that in the mucosa. The results demonstrated that the spermidine concentration was higher in the tumor than in the healthy mucosa; the differences were statistically significant. However, spermine in the tumor increased to a lesser degree. No statistically significant differences were observed among these mucosae at different localizations, but the spermine concentration in the mucosa after the tumor showed values very close to those of the neoplasia.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Feb
PMID:Polyamine levels in healthy and tumor tissues of patients with colon adenocarcinoma. 199 14

Four patients with intestinal adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease are reported. The youngest of the four patients was a 21-year-old female with a 9-year history of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum as well as of the entire colon. She developed mucus-producing moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in the cecum. Of the remaining three patients with Crohn's disease, one presented an adenocarcinoma in the ascending colon, one in the rectum and the remaining one in the duodenum. All three colorectal adenocarcinomas originated in areas of high-grade dysplasia and all four in areas with chronic transmural inflammation. The review of the literature indicates that a total of 174 small and large bowel cancers occurring in Crohn's disease have been recorded (including the four reported herein). The vast majority of the reported cases have been found in the North American subcontinent. Only in a few instances were bowel adenocarcinoma and Crohn's disease observed in the European continent. It is therefore remarkable that three of our four cases were seen within a period of 12 months. Interestingly, six patients having colorectal adenocarcinoma in association with Crohn's disease were recently reported from a single hospital in England. The question therefore arises whether our cases and those reported recently from England are unrelated and merely coincidental or whether carcinomas are now also affecting European CD patients. If the latter is the case, the surveillance policy for patients with CD should be reconsidered at this hospital.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Feb
PMID:Crohn's disease and adenocarcinoma of the intestinal tract. Report of four cases. 199 15

The overall incidence of colloid (mucinous) carcinoma in patients with colorectal cancer is 17 percent, and its influence on patterns of failure and survival in patients with colorectal cancer varies throughout the literature. The presence of colloid carcinoma may have a real but small impact on the patterns of failure or survival in colorectal cancer. The data are conflicting and, furthermore, by proportional hazards analysis, colloid carcinoma is not an independent prognostic factor for survival. Therefore, despite it being common clinical practice, a change in treatment recommendations based solely on the presence or absence of colloid cancer is not recommended. Treatment recommendations should be based primarily on the tumor stage and site. However, given the trend toward increased failure and decreased survival compared with adenocarcinoma, colloid carcinoma should be reported separate from other histological patterns to better understand its natural history.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Aug
PMID:Clinicopathologic impact of colloid in colorectal carcinoma. 216 55

A 51-year-old man with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and enterothorax was found to have persisting leucocytosis (25,000/microliters), diarrhoea and weight loss (20 kg). Computed tomography (CT) revealed intrahepatic space-occupying lesions. CT-directed needle biopsy demonstrated adenocarcinoma metastases. Colon contrast enema was ambiguous. Since no primary tumour had been found, ambulatory treatment with 5-fluorouracil was started. After initial improvement diarrhoea and obstipation alternated so that the patient finally gave permission for coloscopy to which he had not consented at first. It revealed a carcinoma of the colon located in the thorax about 10 cm oral to the left colonic flexure. Progressive ileus necessitated an ileodescendostomy for palliation. The patient died three months later while on symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Colonic carcinoma localized in the chest in enterothorax due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia]. 220 44


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