Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary carcinoid tumors of the pancreas are exceedingly rare, only few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of primary carcinoid tumor of the pancreas occurring on chronic pancreatitis. The CT, as well as endosonographic features are described. Those two techniques might contribute to an early preoperative diagnosis which is important since carcinoid tumors have a better prognosis than the common pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoid tumor of the pancreas. X-ray computed tomographic and echo-endoscopic aspects]. 836 Aug 64

Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are known to have a high incidence of K-ras gene mutations. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis sometimes presents a clinical dilemma. We recently developed a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction capable of detecting 3-30 copies of mutant K-ras genes harboring codon 12 single base changes in the presence of 300,000 normal copies. Mutant ras genes were detected in DNA purified from pancreatic juice from all 6 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 1 case of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. In 2 of 6 other cases with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, circulating metastatic cells were detected in DNA purified from peripheral blood. Activated ras genes were not found in pancreatic juice of three control cases (chronic pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis) or in the peripheral blood of two patients with insulinomas. Notable conclusions of this study are that there can be significant levels of shed tumor cells in peripheral blood and an even higher number in pancreatic juice. In addition, two different K-ras mutations were found in some patients.
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PMID:Detection of ras gene mutations in pancreatic juice and peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 849 7

Comparisons between flow cytometry (FCM) and image cytometry (ICM) have found a high concordance rate in pancreatic tissue, with some discrepancies between the two procedures. This study utilized 40 cases of chronic pancreatitis, primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma to determine the concordance rate between the two procedures. The reasons for discrepancies were identified and subsequently used to establish methods for a priori determination of which procedure to use. Using the FACSCAN flow cytometer and the CAS 200 on appropriately stained specimens that were disaggregated from 50-micron sections, we achieved a concordance rate of r = .878 (P < .01) after removing outliers. Thirty-one of 40 cases matched DNA content, and 9 cases had discrepant results. These discrepant cases were evaluated with factor analysis, in part because initial observations suggested that the variables evaluated could be combined into unifying concepts. The nine measured variables were compressed into three factors, which accounted for 68% of the variation observed between the two methods. Readily evaluated features, on a case-by-case basis, including tumor/nontumor ratios, accounted for the largest proportion of this variation. These findings suggest that tumor/nontumor cell ratios in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections may provide adequate a priori information to direct the choice of either FCM or ICM to measure DNA ploidy in pancreatic tissue.
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PMID:Comparison between image and flow cytometry. A priori factors that influence technique. 852 53

pS2 is a 60 amino acid secretory polypeptide which belongs to a newly described family of trefoil-shaped growth factors. It is widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly adjacent to damaged mucosa, and is also expressed by some epithelial tumours such as breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of pS2 in pancreatic cancer. The presence of pS2 was analysed immunohistochemically using two antibodies, a polyclonal (pNR-2) and a monoclonal (pS2TM) in 42 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of ampullary carcinoma. The findings were compared with chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas. No immunostaining was seen in normal pancreas, with the exception of one area of ductular proliferation, and although 8/10 cases of chronic pancreatitis expressed pS2, it was focal and confined to the occasional duct. In contrast, a significant proportion of malignant cells in 23/42 (55%) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 8/10 (80%) of ampullary tumours expressed immunoreactive pS2. The finding of pS2 expression in more than 50% of pancreatic and ampullary carcinomas in contrast to the findings seen in chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas suggests that pS2 may play an important role in the growth of these highly malignant tumours.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of pS2, a putative growth factor, in pancreatic carcinoma. 852 4

Serum CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA concentrations were determined in 94 subjects divided into 5 groups: Group 1 consisted of 22 healthy subjects; Group 2 consisted of 40 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; according to Cubilla and Fitzgerald's classification, 11 tumours were Stage I, 4 were Stage II, and 25 were Stage III. Group 3 consisted of 10 chronic pancreatitis patients, group 4 of 10 acute pancreatitis patients, group 5 of 12 patients with nonpancreatic digestive carcinomas. Ten of these 12 patients had distant metastases. The sensitivity of CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was higher than that of CEA and CA 242 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). In Stage I cancer patients the sensitivity of the markers studied was less than 50% (45% for CA 19-9, 18% for CEA, and 9% for CA 242) whereas most of the 25 patients with metastatic tumours of the pancreas had elevated serum levels of all 3 markers. The various combinations of the three markers did not significantly improve the sensitivity in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. No relationship was found between the localization of the tumour and the serum levels of the 3 markers studied. Similarly, no differences were found between patients with cholestasis and those without. The specificity of the 3 markers, evaluated in patients with benign pancreatic diseases, was 100% for CA 242, 90% for CA 199 and 70% for CEA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum CA 242 in pancreatic cancer. Comparison with CA 19-9 and CEA. 856 94

The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and distribution patterns of both integrins and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) compared with normal pancreas (NP). Expression of nine alpha-subunits (alpha 2-alpha 6, alpha V, alpha L, alpha M, and alpha X), four beta-subunits (beta 1, beta 3-beta 5), and four ECM molecules (type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin) was investigated immunohistochemically. In CP, all integrins except alpha V showed nearly the same staining patterns compared with NP. Some acinar cells in CP expressed alpha V. Whereas alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 expression was stronger and diffuse, no alpha 5 expression was seen in PC. Basement membrane (BM) showed continuous staining in CP, whereas it showed discontinuous/absent staining in PC with antitype IV collagen, laminin, and vitronectin antibodies. Some carcinoma cells showed reverse correlation between alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 expression and type IV collagen and laminin expression. Fibronectin showed diffuse stromal expression in CP and PC. Some acinar cells or duct cells in CP carcinoma cells in PC showed intracellular VN expression. These results suggest that these integrins and ECM molecules are involved in inflammatory and malignant processes in pancreas.
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PMID:Altered expression of extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in comparison with normal pancreas. 870 94

Ductal cancers of the pancreas frequently express markers of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Cathepsin E (CTSE) is a non-secretory, intracellular, but non-lysosomal proteinase found in the highest concentration in the superficial epithelial cells of the stomach. The aims of our study were to examine the expression of CTSE in the pancreas, to establish an assay system of CTSE and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of CTSE in the pancreatic juice. Eleven patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 10 with mucin-producing adenoma, 3 with intraductal papillary hyperplasia and 43 with chronic pancreatitis were examined. Surgically resected pancreatic tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry for CTSE. Pancreatic juice was collected from the patients and subjected to sandwich ELISA and Western analysis for detecting CTSE. Positive staining for CTSE was observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. CTSE was also expressed in mucin-producing adenoma, intraductal papillary hyperplasia and mucinous hyperplasia. CTSE in the pancreatic juice was present in 8 of 11 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 5 of 10 patients with mucin-producing tumor, 1 of 3 patients with intraductal papillary hyperplasia and 4 of 43 patients with chronic pancreatitis. The detection frequency of CTSE in the pancreatic juice was significantly higher in the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than in the patients with chronic pancreatitis. Our findings suggest that the expression of CTSE is associated with the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, that CTSE in the pancreatic juice seems to be a useful marker for a definitive diagnosis and that CTSE may be expressed at a relatively early stage of multistep carcinogenesis in pancreatic lesions.
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PMID:Expression of cathepsin E in pancreas: a possible tumor marker for pancreas, a preliminary report. 875 6

Alternative splicing gives rise to numerous CD44 isoforms, some of which seem to have a role in tumour metastasis. Specifically, a variant form of CD44 with sequences encoded by exon v6 (CD44v6) confers metastatic potential when transfected into a nonmetastasizing cell line of rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study has investigated standard CD44 (CD44s) and CD44v6 expression immunohistochemically in 6 samples of normal pancreatic tissue, 4 of tissue affected by chronic pancreatitis, and 24 of tissue from metastasizing and nonmetastasizing pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In addition, 18 samples from lymph node or visceral metastases were included in the study. CD44s was expressed in nonneoplastic tissue and in tissue from pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In contrast, CD44v6 was not detected in any of the normal tissue or chronic pancreatitis specimens, whereas 54% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 55% of metastases expressed this variant exon. Although it is not clear whether CD44 isoforms containing exon v6 play a part in malignant progression in the human exocrine pancreas, it seems plausible that the expression of multiple isoforms containing this and other variant exon confers a selective advantage on pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Differential expression of CD44v6 in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: an immunohistochemical study. 897 53

The epithelium of small excretory ducts of the pancreas was investigated in sections obtained from 33 total-pancreatectomy-specimens by means of AgNOR-silver-staining as described by Ploton [26], in some modification. AgNOR-staining was evaluated by automatic image analysis. Specimens were split into four groups: mucoid transformation in chronic pancreatitis (11 cases), papillary hyperplasia in chronic pancreatitis (eight cases), ductal adenocarcinoma (14 cases) and control-group of pancreas-transplants (five cases). Parameters estimated for each cell are as follows: number of intranucleolar dots, number of extranucleolar dots, total number of dots, ratio of extra- and intranucleolar dots, total dot area, mean single dot area, nuclear area, ratio of total dot- and nuclear area, dot-density. Ratio of extra- and intranucleolar dots, ratio of total dot- and nuclear area as well as dot-density allowed differentiation between papillary hyperplasia in chronic pancreatitis, grade III, and ductal adenocarcinoma, grade I. A correlation was found between the number of extranucleolar dots and proliferative activity as well as between the number of intranucleolar dots and protein-synthesis activity of epithelial cells of small excretory ducts of the pancreas.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in exocrine pancreas in chronic pancreatitis and ductal adenocarcinoma. Diagnostic value and cytophysiologic correlate. 906 84

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of several pituitary and gonadal hormones in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We examined circulating levels of LH, FSH, Testosterone, Oestradiol, Progesterone and delta 4-Androstenedione in 36 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 87 age matched controls. According to our findings males with pancreatic cancer were found to have higher levels of FSH (p < 0.01). LH and oestradiol (p < 0.001) and lower levels of progesterone (p < 0.01) and testosterone (p < 0.05) than the controls. Female patients with pancreatic cancer were found to have higher levels of oestradiol (p < 0.001) and lower levels of LH, FSH and progesterone (p < 0.001), compared with group of healthy volunteers. Our data provide evidence of a generalised dysfunction of the hypothalamic-hypophysial-gonadal axis in pancreatic cancer patients.
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PMID:Sex hormone levels in the serum of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 913 81


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