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Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The location of a pseudocyst (PC) in the liver is an exceptional event, and intrahepatic PCs are mainly located in the left lobe. We report here a case of right intrahepatic PC following acute pancreatitis associated with cystic (aberrant pancreatic) dystrophy of the duodenal wall (CDDW) and chronic pancreatitis. Morphological assessment (ultrasound, computed tomography [CT] scan, and cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) revealed a 10-cm right intrahepatic collection and rupture of the main pancreatic duct. Percutaneous puncture permitted us to detect a high level of amylase in the collection, confirming the diagnosis of intrahepatic PC. Surgical drainage concomitant with pancreatico-duodenectomy for the treatment of CDDW resulted in disappearance of the collection. The mechanism involved in this patient was rupture of the pancreatic duct in the retroperitoneal cavity and erosion reaching the right hepatic parenchyma. Although intrahepatic PCs are rare, the diagnosis of intrahepatic PC complicating acute pancreatitis can be confirmed by a high level of amylase in the collection. Asymptomatic intrahepatic PCs can be treated conservatively, and symptomatic intrahepatic PCs can be managed either transcutaneously or surgically.
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PMID:Right intrahepatic pseudocyst following acute pancreatitis: an unusual location after acute pancreatitis. 1586 77

IPMTP is a pancreatic duct disease that can better be diagnosed due to advances in imaging techniques. This probably explains the recent increased frequency of this disease. Enlargement of the main pancreatic duct and/or branch ducts is a typical feature. CT and MRI with MRCP are useful for diagnosis. Features of malignant degeneration are better known. Preoperative staging is performed at CT. Differential diagnosis includes main pancreatic duct dilatation and pancreatic cysts. Recent papers indicate that isolated side branch IPMTP is less frequently malignant. Surgery is indicated in the presence of acute pancreatitis or suspicion of malignant degeneration. Imaging is useful for the follow up of patients with isolated side branch IPMTP. In this paper, the diagnostic, staging and malignant features of IPMTP will be reviewed.
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PMID:[Intraductal papillary mucinous tumours of the pancreas: imaging features]. 1614 72

We report the imaging of a patient in whom the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and the assessment of disease severity was carried out using echo-enhanced ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed the echo-enhanced ultrasonography picture. Echo-enhanced ultrasonography may become the imaging technique of choice in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis since it is easy to perform, safe and lends itself to emergency situations. Most importantly, this technique should be also useful for following-up patients and it may be also an alternative to MRI in those patients in whom contrast-enhanced computed tomography cannot be carried out.
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PMID:Echo-enhanced ultrasonography: is it the future gold standard of imaging in acute pancreatitis? 1618 70

The pancreas develops from ventral and the dorsal buds, which undergo fusion. Failure to fuse results in pancreas divisum, which is defined by separate pancreatic ductal systems draining into the duodenum. Risk of developing pancreatitis is increased in pancreas divisum because of insufficient drainage. MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the technique of choice for detecting pancreas divisum non-invasively. Annular pancreas is the result of incomplete rotation of the pancreatic bud around the duodenum with the persistence of parenchyma or a fibrous band encircling (and sometimes stenosing) the duodenum. Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by bile duct stones or alcohol abuse. The Atlanta classification differentiates between mild acute and severe acute pancreatitis associated with organ failure and/or local complications such as necrosis, abscess or pseudocyst. Contrast-enhanced multi-detector row CT is the method of choice to assess the extent of disease. Balthazar et al.'s CT severity index assesses the risk of mortality and morbidity. In acute pancreatitis, the role of MRCP is mainly limited to finding bile duct stones in patients with suspected biliary pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis results in relentless and irreversible loss of exocrine (and sometimes endocrine) function of the pancreas. MDCT even shows subtle calcifications. MRCP is the method of choice for non-invasive assessment of the duct. Inflammatory pseudotumor in chronic pancreatitis and groove pancreatitis are difficult to differentiate from pancreatic cancer. In these cases, multiple imaging methods such as MDCT, MRI and endosonography including biopsy may be used to make a diagnosis.
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PMID:[Pancreas. Part I: congenital changes, acute and chronic pancreatitis]. 1649 5

26 patients with clinical and biological suspicion of acute pancreatitis were examined by MRI. The general indications for pancreatic MRI were: suboptimal or equivocal CT or ultrasonography findings (e.g. focal pancreatic enlargement with no mass discernable on CT or US), contraindications to iodinated contrast administration (e.g. contrast allergy history and renal failure). Using fast scanning techniques most of them with breath holding and fat saturation MRI was able to depict the lesions involved (e.g. the presence and distribution of necrotic areas and fluid collections, the existence of subsequent chronic pancreatic changes) which are consistent with CT findings. MRCP demonstrated etiology, like cholelithiasis.
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PMID:[MRI in acute pancreatitis]. 1661 Jan 69

Severity stratification is a critical issue in acute pancreatitis that strongly influences diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. According to the widely used Atlanta classification, "severe" disease comprises various local and systemic complications that are associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, results from recent clinical studies indicate that these complications vary in their effect on outcome, and many are not necessarily life threatening on their own. Therefore, "severe," as defined by Atlanta, must be distinguished from "prognostic," aiming at nonsurvival. In the first week after disease onset, pancreatitis-related organ failure is the preferred variable for predicting severity and prognosis because it outweighs morphologic complications. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI allow for accurate stratification of local severity beyond the first week after symptom onset. Among the biochemical markers, C-reactive protein is still the parameter of choice to assess attack severity, although prognostic estimation is not possible. Other markers, including pancreatic protease activation peptides, interleukins-6 and -8, and polymorphonuclear elastase are useful early indicators of severity. Procalcitonin is one of the most promising single markers for assessment of major complications and prognosis throughout the disease course.
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PMID:Predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. 1741 55

The pancreas develops from ventral and dorsal buds, which undergo fusion. Failure to fuse results in pancreas divisum, which is defined by separate pancreatic ductal systems draining into the duodenum. Risk of developing pancreatitis is increased in pancreas divisum. MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the technique of choice for detecting it non-invasively. Annular pancreas is the result of incomplete rotation of the pancreatic bud around the duodenum with the persistence of parenchyma or a fibrous band encircling (stenosing) the duodenum. Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by bile duct stones or alcohol abuse. Contrast-enhanced multi-detector row CT is the method of choice to assess the extent of this disease. In acute pancreatitis, the role of MRCP is mainly limited to finding bile duct stones in patients with suspected biliary pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis results in relentless and irreversible loss of exocrine (and sometimes endocrine) function of the pancreas. MDCT even shows subtle calcifications. MRCP is the method of choice for non-invasive assessment of the duct. Inflammatory pseudotumor in chronic pancreatitis and groove pancreatitis are difficult to differentiate from pancreatic cancer. In these cases, multiple imaging methods such as MDCT, MRI and endosonography including biopsy may be used to make a diagnosis.
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PMID:[Pancreas. Congenital changes, acute and chronic pancreatitis]. 1746 82

Abdominal complaints in combination with slightly elevated serum pancreatic enzymes represent a classical clinical challenge. These symptoms may be due to coincidental unrelated harmless disorders, benign pancreatic alterations which are fairly easily treatable such as mild acute pancreatitis or uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis. However, serious, often insidious diseases such as pancreatic tumours may also present with this constellation as their first signs. Diagnostic procedures need to be stratified according to acuteness and severity of symptoms. While patients with acute onset of symptoms and severe complaints need immediate and combined laboratory and imaging investigations to allow adequate therapy, chronic and mild complaints usually justify a stepwise diagnostic approach consecutively using abdominal ultrasound, CT/MRI and endoscopic ultrasound as imaging procedures and reserving ERCP for cases which remain unclear or in which interventional therapy is needed. Diagnosis and follow-up are often particularly demanding in patients with cystic tumours of the pancreas. In chronic pancreatitis patients pain therapy and adequate control of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency may pose major problems. Patients with refractory pain may ultimately require surgical intervention. Another important indication for surgery in chronic pancreatitis is suspicion of cancer that cannot be ruled out by dedicated diagnostic procedures. This also applies to cystic tumours of the pancreas, which have a high risk of malignant transformation or may even already represent pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:The patient with slightly elevated pancreatic enzymes and abdominal complaints. 1754 15

A 75-year-old man had been admitted to another hospital because of left abdominal pain, and was given a diagnosis of left hydronephrosis and acute pancreatitis. After a JJ stent insertion and medication, he was transferred to our hospital for further examinations. US and EUS revealed a chronic pancreatitis-like pattern and multicystic lesion in the pancreas head and body. At that time enhanced CT findings showed an extrapancreatic low density area to be inflammatory change, extending from the pancreas body to the left crus of the diaphragm and posteriorly the spreading from the left crus of the diaphragm via the left urinary duct into the left iliopsoas muscle, in which MRI revealed partial high intensity. ERCP and MRCP showed focal irregular narrowing of the pancreatic duct of unknown cause, and we decided that an internal pancreatic fistula due to pancreatitis had induced left ureteral obstruction, caused by a protein plug or alcohol. Follow-up 6 months later showed that extrapancreatic spreading of the low density area had markedly regressed without any change in the ureteral obstruction.
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PMID:[A case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with internal pancreatic fistula causing left ureteral obstruction]. 1767 27

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic strictures presents a multitude of clinical challenges. The etiology of pancreatic strictures is varied, including benign strictures subsequent to acute pancreatitis, trauma, postsurgical, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and malignancy. Patients with strictures usually present with symptoms of recurrent pancreatitis, abdominal pain, weight loss, and/or steatorrhea. The absence of a prior history of pancreatitis or surgery increases the likelihood of malignancy. High-quality imaging studies of the pancreas, CT, MRI/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) scanning are utilized for better definition. Imaging detects an associated mass and/or demonstrates the ductal anatomy. Invasive procedures such as ERCP are performed to better define the causal relationships of the patient's symptoms or to obtain tissue diagnosis. Treatment goals include ameliorating symptoms, dilating the stricture, and ruling out cancer. The risk of malignancy underlies much of the intervention, which includes serology, cytologic analysis, and serial imaging. EUS has become the procedure of choice to rule out a mass, to evaluate the parenchyma for evidence of chronic pancreatitis, and to obtain fine-needle biopsies for tissue confirmation. In symptomatic patients or patients with indeterminate strictures, ERCP is used for direct pancreatography, tissue acquisition, and endoscopic treatment. Endotherapy includes sphincterotomy, dilation, and stenting to provide drainage. We view ERCP as the optimal first-line treatment modality. ERCP offers the potential of curative treatment and is less invasive than surgery, especially as some patients' symptoms are not severe enough to justify surgery. If patients do not experience relief of symptoms after several sessions of endoscopic therapy, surgery is the logical next step for definitive, long-term treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of pancreatic strictures. 1789 73


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