Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study 55 patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed in order to establish the prognostic value of 11 indices which can be determined either at admission of 48 hours after the onset of the disease. The results show: 1. the 5 indices determined at admission (age, white blood cell count, blood glucose, SGOT, LDH) do not permit a clear identification of the variable courses of acute pancreatitis, 2. a high risk group can be selected; in this group an early intensive care is recommended, i.e. a vigorous fluid replacement, endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilation with PEEP, and, if necessary, peritoneal dialysis. Furthermore these indices are helpful to decide very early whether a patient has to be transmitted to a medical centre for intensive care and/or surgical treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Prognostic indices in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. 45 56

The value of serum C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in predicting the outcome of acute pancreatitis was evaluated for 57 episodes in 54 patients. Serum C-reactive protein levels on day 2, 4 and 7 after admission were significantly higher in 19 episodes of severe attacks than in 38 episodes of mild attacks (13.71 +/- 9.68, 9.00 +/- 7.54, 6.02 +/- 3.83 vs 4.78 +/- 3.91, 3.30 +/- 3.61, 1.43 +/- 2.08 mg/dL; P less than 0.0001, P less than 0.005, P less than 0.0001, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of predicting a severe attack were 94, 76 and 82% using C-reactive protein greater than or equal to 8 mg/dL on day 2; 67, 92 and 84% using C-reactive protein greater than or equal to 5 mg/dL on day 7; and 59, 76 and 70% using Ranson's criteria greater than or equal to 3. Increases in LDH-4 and LDH-5 isoenzymes were found in both groups, with LDH-4 being slightly higher in severe attacks than in mild attacks. There was no significant difference of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between both groups. When compared with Ranson's criteria, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein is more valuable in the early assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the assessment of the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. 151 59

Nineteen patients with acute pancreatitis were examined for the activity of LDH, NADH-tetrazolium oxidoreductase, acid phosphatase, the content of calcium salts, cAMP and cGMP in biopsy tissue of the pancreas; pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonates in the duodenal contents and pancreatic juice. The activity of enzymes participating in oxidative metabolism in epithelial cells of the intact pancreas appeared elevated. During the development of destructive changes in the pancreatic parenchyma, the processes of intracellular oxidation get inhibited, the enzymes go out into the intercellular space, calcium transport gets impaired, and acid phosphatase is activated. It has been found that in acute destructive pancreatitis, primarily impaired are epithelial cells of the islets, followed by the impairment of the epithelium of the acini and at the last moment of that of the excretory ducts. The data obtained enable one to regard cyclonucleotides, calcium, pancreatic enzymes and lysosomal hydrolases as pathogenetic elements of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Morphofunctional elements of the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. 164 89

To explore the relationship between exocrine pancreas and parotid gland, we measured the changes of parotid gland in in-vitro system at an acute pancreatitis induced by supramaximal dose of caerulein (5 micrograms/kg/h for 3.5 hours) in rats. Both the serum amylase levels and parotid gland amylase content in rats with acute pancreatitis increased significantly compared with normal rats. The dry/wet weight ratio also decreased significantly and LDH discharge from parotid acini as well as lysosomal enzyme leakage from lysosomes in acini increased significantly compared with normal rats. In addition, redistribution of lysosomal enzyme in parotid acini was seen in acute pancreatitis. These results indicate the edema and congestion of amylase in parotid gland, and furthermore the increased cellular and lysosomal fragility of parotid gland at an acute pancreatitis. Thus, there seems to be the intimate organ relationship between exocrine pancreas and parotid gland as well as the important roles of gut hormones such as caerulein in the pathophysiology of parotid gland.
 ...
PMID:[Changes of parotid gland in rat caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis: study on in vitro system]. 171 33

To explore the cellular and subcellular alterations of the parotid gland during acute pancreatitis, we examined the redistribution of lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, along with the discharge of the LDH and cathepsin B from parotid acini of rats with acute pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of cerulein (5 micrograms/kg/h for 3.5 h). Both the serum amylase level and parotid-gland amylase content were increased significantly in rats with acute pancreatitis. The dry-/wet-wt ratio ratio was significantly lower than in the control. In vitro studies showed that discharge of LDH from the parotid acini and leakage of cathepsin B from lysosomes in the acini were significantly higher than in the control. In addition, there was redistribution of the cathepsin B (shifting from the lysosomal pellet to the zymogen pellet) in the parotid gland. These results indicate that in acute pancreatitis there is edema and accumulation of amylase in the parotid glands, along with increased cellular and lysosomal fragility. Thus, there seems to be a close relationship between the exocrine pancreas and the parotid glands. Gut hormones, such as cerulein, also appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the parotid glands.
 ...
PMID:Cellular alterations of parotid gland of rats with acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein. 172 7

We evaluated the changes of lysosomal and digestive enzymes in the exocrine pancreas after caerulein induced acute pancreatitis in rats. The serum amylase levels and water content as well as pancreatic amylase and cathepsin B contents increased significantly in the early stage (0-12 h) after caerulein was administered, however, returned to the normal levels at 36 h. In the early stage, colocalization of lysosomal enzyme and digestive enzyme was found. Histologically, in the early stage, there were remarkable changes such as acinar cell vacuolization and interstitial edema, but these changes disappeared at 36 h. Furthermore, amylase and cathepsin B outputs decreased significantly in the early stage (12 h) but at 24 h, these increased significantly. LDH discharge from dispersed acini and cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes also increased in the early stage (0-12 h), but these values returned to the normal levels at 36 h. These results indicate that exocrine pancreas needs about 36 h to recover from the caerulein induced acute pancreatitis, and in this recovering process, secretion of colocalized digestive enzyme and lysosomal enzyme seem to play an important role.
 ...
PMID:[Changes of lysosomal and digestive enzymes in rat caerulein pancreatitis]. 172 96

The most important diagnostic step in the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis is discrimination between interstitial-edematous pancreatitis and necrotizing pancreatitis. In this respect, laboratory measures like CRP, LDH, and antiproteases, and the application of contrast-enhanced CT are highly sensitive methods. Surgical decision-making should be based on clinical, bacteriological and contrast-enhanced CT data. Persistent or progressive systemic or local organ complications occurring despite ICU treatment for a minimum of three days are indicators for surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis. Patients suffering from sepsis syndrome, cardiovascular shock, multisystemic organ failure syndrome, or surgical acute abdomen should be treated surgically early in the course of the disease. The use of a major pancreatic resection for the surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis should be excluded from treatment protocols. Carefully performed necrosectomy or debridement, in combination with continuous or repeatedly applied surgical evacuation techniques for necrotic tissue, bacteria, and biologically active compounds, has proved to be very effective in experienced treatment centers. Necrosectomy and postoperative continuous local lavage is a well-adapted, safe, and atraumatic procedure. It results in a hospital mortality of less than 10% in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Surgery in acute pancreatitis. 185 79

In 110 patients with acute pancreatitis the authors studied the activity of intracellular enzymes in the blood (LDH, CPC, ALaT, ASaT, transamidinase) in a complex with indices characterizing the condition of the membrane cell systems, in particular: activity of acid phosphatase, content of 17-ketosteroids, activity of plasma chemiluminescence, concentration of beta-lipoproteins in blood. Complex study of these indices makes it possible to make a sufficiently objective judgement of the severity of the membrane disorders in acute pancreatitis and verity the form and control the treatment of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis of membrane disorders in acute pancreatitis]. 232 43

Serum catalase activity was examined in 96 patients with the oedematous form and in 15 patients with the necrotic form of acute pancreatitis. Total catalase release into plasma was estimated to be 2,140 +/- 947 kU and 4,764 +/- 1,505 kU, respectively. The g equivalents of pancreas were 163 +/- 72 g and 362 +/- 133 g, being 2.03-fold and 4.52-fold higher than the whole mass of pancreas indicating the nonpancreatic origin of the total increase of serum catalase. In both types of acute pancreatitis serum haemoglobin, haematin, haptoglobin and LDH values supported the presence of haemolysis. The volumes of blood were 22.6 +/- 10.1 ml and 50.4 +/- 15.9 ml which are only 0.41% and 0.91% of the total blood volume. Taking these findings into account, in acute pancreatitis the major part of increase of serum catalase can be explained by its release from the erythrocytes.
 ...
PMID:Origin of serum catalase activity in acute pancreatitis. 261 8

Local septic complications in acute pancreatitis need to be exactly characterized and defined in order to develop improved concepts for their prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy. While up to now all local septic complications have been termed abscesses, the present study for the first time delineates the morphologic, clinical, and laboratory criteria needed to distinguish between two separate clinical entities: the infected necrosis (IN) and the pancreatic abscess (PA). IN is defined as a diffuse bacterial inflammation of necrotic pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue, but without any significant pus collections. On the other hand, the morphologic substrate of PA is a localized collection of pus surrounded by a more or less distinct capsula. IN becomes clinically evident during the early phase of acute pancreatitis (AP). The patients with IN present both the signs of sepsis and the laboratory findings of AP. Thus in these patients the most fulminant course of AP is observed; 51.8% and 35.7% of them have pulmonary or renal insufficiency, respectively. The mortality of the patients with IN is high and amounts to 32.1%. Pancreatic abscess, on the other hand, does not develop before the fifth week after onset of symptoms and after subsidence of the acute phase of pancreatitis. In these patients laboratory signs of AP-like amylasemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and rise of LDH are rarely observed. Corresponding to the lack of pathophysiologic effects of AP per se, pulmonary and renal insufficiencies occur in only 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, and mortality in these patients is 22.2%. While an abscess may readily be identified by computed tomography, the differentiation between IN and non-IN can be very difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic abscess and infected pancreatic necrosis. Different local septic complications in acute pancreatitis. 330 74


1 2 3 4 Next >>