Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric acid secretion by the parietal cell is a single digestive process involving a continuous interplay between nervous and hormonal stimuli. Gastric acid hypersecretion and hypergastrinemia may represent pathologic disturbance of the normal "gastric phase" of acid secretion (excluded antrum syndrome) or abnormal gastrin secretion from a nongastric source as in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Diagnosis of these two syndromes preoperatively is dependent on immunoassay for serum gastrin. A fall in serum gastrin level after the injection of secretin will distinguish the excluded antrum syndrome from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Which hormone or hormones cause the acid hyposecretion of the watery diarrhea hypokalemia achlorhydria syndrome is still uncertain. Potential candidates include secretin, glucagon (alone or combined with gastrin), vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Secretin has undergone trials as therapy in peptic ulcer whereas glucagon is under investigation for the treatment of acute pancreatitis because of its dual actions as (1) an enterogastrone and (2) an inhibitor of pancreatic secretion.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts on physiological control of gastric acid secretion. Clinical applications. 23 80

The physiology and pathophysiology of the sphincter of Oddi are poorly understood. The relationships of functional disorders of the sphincter to biliary and pancreatic disease and of organic lesions of the papilla to pancreatic inflammatory disease are subjudice to say the least. The efficacy of sphincter section in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis is unproved. Section of the sphincter may be necessary to treat biliary tract pathology but its use should not be routine or indiscriminative since, there is morbidity as well as mortality. Finally, the price of sphincterotomy is: 1. hemorrhage; 2. duodenal perforation; 3. pancreatic duct damage--a. acute pancreatitis; b. chronic pancreatitis; 4. sphincter incompetence--a. common duct regurgitation--cholangitis; b. pancreatic duct regurgitation--pancreatitis; 5. sphincter stenosis--obstructive jaundice; 6. stasis cholecystitis; 7. diarrhea; 8. morbidity 10%; 9. mortality 1.9%.
 ...
PMID:The sphincter of Oddi, sphincterotomy and biliopancreatic disease. 39 44

Prostaglandins (PGs) can be measured by bioassay or combined gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry or by radioimmunoassay. The main advantage of the latter method is its great sensitivity. On the other hand, difficulties, with this method can arise from the small molecular weight of PGs and the large number of structurally closely related PGs and PG metabolites which cross-react in the various radioimmunoassays thus influencing the specificity of the method. Exogenous PGs exert a variety of effects on the gastro-intestinal tract. The effects on the various organs differ between the PGs tested and are species-dependent. Endogenous PGs have been found both in human and animal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. PGE2 and its 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-metabolite are the main PGs found in human gastric juice, while much smaller concentrations of PGF2alpha and PGA2 and their metabolites were detected. In human gastric mucosa both PG synthetase and PG-metabolizing enzymes were found to occur. Both enzyme systems can be influenced specifically by drugs. Inhibition of PG synthetase seems to correlate with gastric mucosal irritation, while inhibition of enzymatic PG inactivation might be associated with protection of gastro-intestinal mucosa. Results from animal experiments as well as clinical observations on humans indicate, that endogenous PGs might be involved in such syndromes as diarrhea, colitis, gastritis, tumors, acute pancreatitis and gastric ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The exact role, however, played by PGs in physiology and pathophysiology of the gastro-intestinal tract, awaits further investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins (author's transl)]. 65 90

A prospective study of 116 patients with acute pancreatitis included routine screening for evidence of viral infection. Five patients (all female) exhibited significant rising antibody titres to Coxsackie B or mumpsvirus, while none of the remaining 111 patients did. Diarrhoea was a prodromal feature of the pancreatitis in those patients with evidence of viral disease. Screening patients with acute pancreatitis for Coxsackie B and mumpsvirus infections is worthwhile in the identification of aetiological factors and may minimise protracted biliary investigations. The incidence of "idiopathic" acute pancreatitis in this study was 5-2% (six patients).
 ...
PMID:Coxsackie and mumpsvirus infection in a prospective study of acute pancreatitis. 83 3

We are reporting the case of a 23-yr-old patient who had recurring episodes of acute pancreatitis characterized by the typical abdominal pain, elevated serum levels of pancreatic enzymes, and enlargement of the pancreas and edema on sonogram. These episodes were accompanied by facial erythema with conjunctival injection, generalized pruritus, diarrhea, and eosinophilia, and they were induced by the consumption of milk. The serum levels of IgE specific to cow milk proteins and to beta-lactoglobulin were increased. We suggest that these episodes are caused by a milk allergy (milk), that has been described as an unusual cause of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis associated with milk allergy. 128 25

Between Jan. 19, 1989 and Nov. 23, 1990, 170 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were evaluated for possible treatment by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). Thirty-one patients were not eligible for treatment, 28 (16%) because of nonvisualization of gallstones by ultrasonography and 3 (2%) because polyps were erroneously diagnosed on ultrasonography. Thirteen (8%) patients failed to comply with the protocol, leaving 126 patients for assessment. At the time of writing, the treatment success rate is 57% at 6 months and 69% at 9 months. Treatment failed in 21 (17%) patients because of unsatisfactory fragmentation in 16 (13%) patients, frequent biliary colic in 3 (2%) patients, acute pancreatitis in 1 (0.8%) patient and severe bile-salt-induced diarrhea in 1 (0.8%) patient. Complications included biliary colic (40 patients), mild diarrhea on bile salts (24 patients), severe diarrhea (1 patient), macroscopic hematuria (4 patients), acute pancreatitis (2 patients) and vagal shock (1 patient). This study demonstrates the effectiveness (87%) of the lithotripter in reducing gallstones to fragments 5 mm in diameter or smaller. However, complete disappearance of these fragments with adjuvant bile-salt therapy may take many months.
 ...
PMID:Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of gallstones: clinical experience with 170 patients. 156 22

30 patients, 1 to 6 years acute pancreatitis, complaining on epigastric pains, weight loss, flatulence and diarrhea were examined. Temmler Werke Pancreolauryl-Test was performed following manufacturer's instructions. In 14 patients (46.7%), the result of the test revealed pancreatic exocrine failure. Those results were verified and confirmed in 80% by secretin-ceorulein test. Non-invasive, technically uncomplicated and reliable pancreolauryl-test seems to be useful for screen estimation of pancreatic exocrine function impairment in patients after the acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of the fluorescein dilaurate test in patients after acute pancreatitis]. 166 60

Somatostatin and octreotide have a definitive role in the management of symptomatic gut neuroendocrine tumours, particularly VIPomas and carcinoid. They probably also have a role in variceal bleeding, but this needs further confirmatory randomized trials. At present there is a potential role in the management of short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and gastrointestinal fistulae, but randomized clinical studies are needed. Possibly there is a role in AIDS-related diarrhoea and 'idiopathic' secretory diarrhoea, but more evidence is required. They have no role in acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer bleeding. Irritable bowel syndrome remains unexplored but unlikely to benefit.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatin and octreotide in gastroenterology. 168 74

Significant differences exist in the prevalence of most gastroenterological emergencies in tropical compared with temperate countries. Both ethnic and environmental (often clearly defined geographically) factors are relevant. The major oesophageal lesions which can present acutely in tropical countries are varices and carcinoma; bleeding and obstruction are important sequelae. Peptic ulcer disease (and its complications), often associated (not necessarily causally) with Helicobacter pylori infection, has marked geographical variations in incidence. Emergencies involving the small intestine are dominated by severe dehydration, and its sequelae, resulting from secretory diarrhoea, most notably cholera. However, enteritis necroticans ('pig bel' disease), paralytic ileus (sometimes caused by antiperistaltic agents) and obstruction (secondary to luminal helminths, volvulus and intussusception) are other important problems, especially in infants and children. Enteric fever is occasionally complicated by perforation and haemorrhage; the former (which is notoriously difficult to manage) is accompanied by significant mortality. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is a major cause of right iliac fossa pathology--sometimes associated with malabsorption; amoeboma is an important clinical differential diagnosis. The colon can be involved in invasive Entamoeba histolytica infection (which, like complicated enteric fever, is difficult to manage if the fulminant form, with perforation, ensues), shigellosis, volvulus and intussusception. Acute colonic dilatation occasionally follows Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and rarely E. histolytica infections. Acute hepatocellular failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. It usually results from viral hepatitis (HBV, sometimes complicated by HDV, and HCV), but there is a long list of differential diagnoses. Hepatotoxicity resulting from herbs, chemotherapeutic agents or alcohol also occurs not infrequently. Chronic liver disease and its sequelae (often long-term results of viral hepatitis) are commonplace. Haematemesis and hepatocellular failure are usually very difficult to manage due to a lack of sophisticated support techniques in developing countries. Invasive hepatic amoebiasis usually responds well to medical management; however, spontaneous perforation can occur and the consequences of this are serious. Pyogenic liver abscess, although far less common than amoebic 'abscess', carries a bad prognosis whatever the method(s) of management. Hydatidosis and schistosomiasis also involve the liver, and helminthiases are important in the context of biliary tract disease. Gall stones are unusual in most tropical settings. Acute pancreatitis is overall unusual, but chronic calcific pancreatitis can present as an acute abdominal emergency.
 ...
PMID:Gastroenterological emergencies in the tropics. 176 26

Patients with HIV infection were studied to assess the efficacy of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, in the long-term management of refractory diarrhoea. Dosage of subcutaneous octreotide was increased progressively at 48 h intervals from 150 to 300, 750 and 1500 micrograms/day according to response. Twenty-nine patients, 21 with Cryptosporidium enteritis, one with Isospora belli enteritis and seven with no identifiable pathogen were selected for the study; four of these were excluded from the study because of death during the first month (two cases), abdominal pain and acute pancreatitis (one case each). Twenty-five patients were evaluable for response. Ten patients (four with Cryptosporidium enteritis, five without an identifiable pathogen and one with I. belli enteritis) achieved a complete response (40%) and nine cases (all with cryptosporidial enteritis) had a partial response (36%). Patients with higher weight and Karnofsky performance status and non-cryptosporidial enteritis had a better response to treatment. Mean durations of treatment and response were 4.2 +/- 4.2 and 4.4 +/- 4.5 months, respectively. In the absence of specific agents for cryptosporidial enteritis and HIV enteropathy, octreotide was found to be useful in the management of chronic diarrhoea in AIDS patients.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of octreotide in the management of chronic diarrhoea in AIDS. 181 31


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>