Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activation of zymogen proteases and lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B in the pancreas was investigated in cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of 40 micrograms/kg of body weight of cerulein at intervals of 1 h. After the first cerulein injection, the active trypsin and elastase contents in the pancreas tissues significantly increased, and reached the highest level at 3 h after the first injection, followed by peaks at 5 h in the serum amylase and lipase levels and the pancreas wet weight. Cathepsin B contents in pancreas tissues showed a parallel increase with active zymogen enzymes during the first 3 h of pancreatitis. These findings may suggest that the intracellular activation of trypsinogen is an important step in the development of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and that cathepsin B plays a role in the activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar cells.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Activation of proteases in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. 247 99

Somatostatin (SST) is used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) to inhibit pancreatic exocrine secretion, which represents one of the goals of medical treatment in this disease. Its therapeutic efficacy, however, is poor. One hypothesis, which has not yet been investigated, is that i.v. SST might be broken down by blood proteolytic enzymes. In order to evaluate the structural integrity and biological activity of infused SST, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and levels of pancreatic enzymes were monitored in the blood stream during the infusion of SST-14 (3,5 micrograms/kg/h for 48 h) in eight patients with severe acute pancreatitis. SLI was measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that SLI levels increase promptly after the beginning of infusion, with a slower increase between 6 and 36 h, and a rapid increase again at 48 h. HPLC analysis shows a single peak of SLI with the same retention time as standard SST-14. Total amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen significantly decreased compared with pretreatment values (48, 63.1, and 77.4%, respectively) after 24 h of SST infusion, while a decrease in elastase 1 (62.6%) was observed later at 48 h. These results indicate that in severe AP, somatostatin recovered in plasma retains its biological activity: it inhibits pancreatic circulating enzymes, an action not influenced by breakdown of the peptide, as demonstrated by HPLC of the SLI measured in plasma.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Somatostatin infused during acute pancreatitis retains its biological activity. 257 57

Pancreas divisum is an anatomic variation of the fusion of the pancreatic ducts that appears in 6-10% of the normal population. In recent years, with the development of endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, pancreas divisum has been related to recurrent acute pancreatitis, although its continuous interrelation remains debated. We present a case of acute pancreatitis with pancreas divisum. Echography after pancreatic stimulation with secretin (EEPS) was useful to evaluate the degree of stenosis of the accessory papilla, showing dilatation maintained for 30 minutes of the dorsal duct after stimulation. Postoperative echography with secretin pancreatic stimulation after surgical sphincteroplasty showed no modification in the caliber of the accessory duct, which allowed us to discern the solution to the obstructive problem. We discuss the clinical utility and prognostic value of echography with secretin pancreatic stimulation in the treatment of pancreas divisum.
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PMID:[Usefulness of echography with pancreatic stimulation in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum]. 265 14

Pancreas divisum is the most common anatomical variant of pancreatic ductal anatomy. It has been suggested that obstruction at the accessory papilla in subjects with pancreas divisum can be assessed by measurement of ductal diameter by ultrasonic examination after a maximal secretory stimulus with i.v. secretin. We have prospectively assessed this test in 44 individuals; nine healthy controls, nine patients with abdominal pain and normal pancreatic anatomy, 17 patients with pancreas divisum and abdominal pain but no other evidence of pancreatitis, and nine patients with pancreas divisum and either chronic or recurrent acute pancreatitis. We have found no correlation between ductal anatomy and response to i.v. secretin. Secretin provocation tests do not indicate which patients have accessory papillary stenosis and do not add support to the hypothesis of obstruction leading to pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Pancreatic duct dilatation after secretin stimulation in patients with pancreas divisum. 266 Jan 34

Acute terminal pancreatitis (ATP) was defined as a postmortem entity of localized acute pancreatitis without any clinical evidence of pancreatic disease. Based on the deliberate examinations of pancreatic tissue from 76 autopsies, we found 10 cases (13%) that met the criteria of ATP. Shock as an immediate cause of death was a statistically significant factor in our cases of ATP. There were two pathological types of ATP, one periductal and the other perilobular. These two types of ATP implied that there would be at least two different mechanisms for the development of acute pancreatitis: pancreatic duct and periduct damage, and acinar cell injury at the periphery of lobules.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Acute terminal pancreatitis. 273 81

It has been suggested that oxygen-derived free radicals play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of acute experimental pancreatitis in a model of edematous pancreatitis. Accordingly, allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, was shown to mitigate the development of nonfatal acute pancreatitis in ex vivo perfusion models using dogs. For further evaluation of allopurinol, its effect was studied in two forms of fatal necrotizing acute experimental pancreatitis: sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats and choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet-induced pancreatitis in mice. Allopurinol did not affect the mortality rate, pancreatic enzyme elevation in serum and ascites, the enzyme content of the pancreas, or any parameter indicating histopathological damage in the pancreas. Although these experiments did not determine the role oxygen-derived free radicals play in the development of pancreatitis, they show, none the less, the absence of any beneficial therapeutic effect of a xanthine oxidase like allopurinol on the development of the disease once it has begun.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Xanthine oxidase inhibitor in acute experimental pancreatitis in rats and mice. 276 73

The effects of a potent cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist, L-364,718, on two forms of experimental acute pancreatitis in mice were evaluated. The antagonist prevented the hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, and acinar cell vacuolization that followed administration of a supramaximally stimulating dose of the cholecystokinin analogue cerulein. In contrast, the same dose of L-364,718 (1 mg/kg/6 h) and an even higher dose (10 mg/kg/6 h) failed to prevent the hyperamylasemia, acinar cell necrosis, and mortality that followed administration of a choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet. These observations are at variance with those previously reported to follow administration of the relatively weak cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide (Niederau C et al. J Clin Invest 1986;78:1056-63). The observations reported in this communication suggest that cholecystokinin does not play an important role in diet-induced pancreatitis and that CCK receptor antagonists are unlikely to be of benefit in the treatment of clinical acute pancreatitis.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Failure of a potent cholecystokinin antagonist to protect against diet-induced pancreatitis in mice. 281 32

We report a case of severe acute pancreatitis associated with both gastric and abdominal wall infarction. The early skin changes on the anterior abdominal wall could be confused with Grey-Turner's sign.
Pancreas 1988
PMID:Abdominal wall and gastric infarction in acute pancreatitis. 297 70

A controlled trial with synthetic protease inhibitor gabexelate mesilate (FOY) in the treatment of acute pancreatitis was conducted in a total of 42 patients. The age, sex, etiology of pancreatitis, initial serum amylase level, and amylase creatinine clearance ratio were comparable between FOY-treated and control groups. FOY did not alter the course of the disease, but there was a weak trend toward lower morbidity and mortality in the FOY-treated patients. These results may justify further, larger scale studies or evaluation of alternate dosage or route of administration.
Pancreas 1987
PMID:Controlled trial of protease inhibitor gabexelate mesilate (FOY) in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. 312 46

Using radioimmunoassay, we tested serum elastase 1 (E1), an enzyme secreted only from the pancreas, in 200 subjects as follows: 39 healthy subjects as controls, 56 patients with diseases of the digestive tract, 66 patients with hepatobiliary diseases, and 39 patients with pancreatic diseases. The serum E1 showed high specificity and proved very useful in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However it was not useful in diagnosis of clinically silent chronic pancreatitis, nor in its functional evaluation. On the other hand, it was found to be a valuable guide in revealing a concomitant pancreatic pathology during hepatobiliary diseases. Further investigation is needed of the behavior of E1 in patients who have undergone a total pancreatectomy, where the enzyme remains measurable, and in those with an ileocolic disease in an acute phase where E1 is increased in many patients.
Pancreas 1988
PMID:Serum elastase 1 in clinical practice. 317 8


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