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Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathology of chronic pancreatitis is reviewed in order to study the histology and incidence of pseudocysts in relation to the degree of pancreatic fibrosis and calcification. The series consisted of 57 resection specimens (49 partial pancreatectomy specimens and 8 total pancreatectomy specimens) and 9 autopsy pancreata. The histology of cystic lesions observed in the specimens was found to be identical to that of pseudocysts in acute pancreatitis. In 19 of 57, there was concomitant occurrence of focal autodigestive (fat) necrosis and pseudocysts. Pseudocysts were more common in specimens with focal fibrosis and few calcifications (13/25) than in those with diffuse advanced fibrosis and numerous calcifications (15/41). The findings indicate that sequelae of acute pancreatitis are frequently present in chronic pancreatitis, particularly in an early stage when fibrosis is still focal and calcification rare. This suggests that chronic pancreatitis may result from relapses of severe acute pancreatitis. A pathogenetic concept that relates acute pancreatitis with chronic pancreatitis is proposed.
Pancreas 1991 May
PMID:Pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis: a morphological analysis of 57 resection specimens and 9 autopsy pancreata. 186 65

The effect on endogenous beta-endorphins of a new synthetic protease inhibitor was studied in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced by the injection of autologous bile mixed with trypsin into the main pancreatic duct after ligation of the accessory duct. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations and cardiovascular function were measured. Ten dogs (control group) were given 10 ml/kg/h of lactate Ringer's solution intravenously beginning 1 h before the induction of pancreatitis and continuing throughout the experiments. Six dogs received an intravenous infusion of 3 mg/kg/h of a new synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123 (4-(2-succinimidoethylthio)4-geranidinobenzoate methanesuLfonate), in lactate Ringer's solution soon after the induction of pancreatitis. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations in the control group increased significantly. However, plasma beta-endorphin levels in the protease inhibitor group did not increase as in the control group. The protease inhibitor infusion improved hypotension, myocardial depression, and plasma lactate, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the protease inhibitor on beta-endorphin release contributed to the improvement.
Pancreas 1991 Jul
PMID:Effect of a new synthetic protease inhibitor on beta-endorphin release during acute pancreatitis in dogs. 187

Acute pancreatitis may result from viral infections, including mumps, coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr, and varicella. However, viral pancreatitis has not been reported after immunization with viral vaccines. We report the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in an adult who had received measles, mumps, and rubella II vaccine (MMR II).
Pancreas 1991 Jul
PMID:Pancreatitis caused by measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. 187 5

A new kit for radioimmunoassay of serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with monoclonal antibody (S-0932, Shionogi, Osaka, Japan) was used to examine PLA2 levels in patients with various diseases. Patients with acute pancreatitis showed significantly increased serum PLA2 levels. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, significant correlations were observed between the levels of factors evaluated by the secretin test and serum PLA2 levels. In patients with pancreatic cancer, serum PLA2 levels varied with disease severity. Serum PLA2 concentrations were within the normal range in patients with other malignant tumors, diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver diseases but were increased in patients with chronic renal failure. S-Sepharose column analysis of sera showed a small peak of pro-PLA2 and a large peak of PLA2 in sera from patients with severe acute pancreatitis, but a large peak of pro-PLA2 in healthy controls and patients with other diseases. On G-100 gel filtration, high-molecular-weight PLA2 immunoreactivity was detected in sera of patients with chronic renal failure, whereas a single peak of PLA2 immunoreactivity coinciding with that of standard PLA2 was detected in sera of patients with acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that (a) measurement of serum PLA2 is clinically useful for diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatitis, (b) active PLA2 in the circulation is dominant in severe acute pancreatitis, and (c) the kidney may be the main site of PLA2 degradation or excretion.
Pancreas 1991 Sep
PMID:Clinical usefulness of serum phospholipase A2 determination in patients with pancreatic diseases. 194 16

During the 1965-9 period, we studied the consequences of acute pancreatitis in a group of 53 patients (1). Using the 1963 Marseille classification of pancreatitis (2), we pointed, inter alia, to the incidence of changes in exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas in some patients (something that we would refer to as residua after acute pancreatitis, today), and emphasized the need for a detailed examination of patients, following an attack of acute pancreatitis. In this article we wish to reemphasize the need for such detailed examination, this time in connection with new classifications of pancreatitis, i.e., the Revised Classification of Pancreatitis--Marseille, 1984 (3), and the Pancreatitis Classification of Marseille-Rome 1988 (4,5). The latter classification, based on studies of lesions and causes of pancreatitis, constitutes yet another attempt to integrate pathology into the prerequisites for clear-cut definition of the disease. However, a definition of pancreatitis, based on pathological findings, remains an aim yet to be attained in everyday clinical practice. That is why the clinician will rely on the Marseille classification (1984), taking into account the Marseille-Rome classification (1988).
Pancreas 1991 Sep
PMID:Why a detailed examination after acute pancreatitis? 194 17

The aim of the present study is to assess the frequency of pancreas divisum and the features of patients with pancreas divisum in order to assess the role of this anomaly in the occurrence of pancreatitis. A total of 1049 endoscopic retrograde pancreatographies were studied between 1978 and 1988. Patients with pancreas divisum were studied in terms of their clinical findings and their disease (pancreatitis or not). Pancreas divisum was diagnosed in 62 patients (5.9%). No statistical differences with regard to age and sex were found between patients with and without pancreas divisum. The frequency of pancreas divisum was similar in the different groups of disease, especially chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis, recurrent pancreatitis and idiopathic pancreatitis. The study of pancreatograms showed that dorsal ductal abnormalities alone were found as frequently as ventral alterations alone. Our results show that pancreas divisum cannot be directly implicated in the occurrence of pancreatitis, and should not prompt a systematic sphincterotomy of the accessory papilla. This treatment should only be considered in the rare cases of acute recurrent idiopathic pancreatitis with dorsal ductal dilatation and stenosis of the accessory papilla.
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PMID:Pancreas divisum and pancreatitis: a coincidental association? 205 15

In 14 nonobese patients after acute pancreatitis and with normal oral glucose tolerance, the response of insulin, C-peptide, and pancreatic glucagon after 100 g of oral glucose was assessed. The curves of insulin and C-peptide were significantly raised compared with those of controls, and no difference was found between the response of patients with a negative (n = 8) and a positive (n = 6) family history of type II diabetes. The curves of pancreatic glucagon did not differ from those found in controls. Our results indicate that a normal response to glucose after recovery from an attack of acute pancreatitis is maintained at the cost of increased insulin secretion.
Pancreas 1990 May
PMID:Endocrine pancreatic secretion in patients after acute pancreatitis. 218 59

Monoclonal antibodies specific for luminal plasma membranes of acinar and duct cells of the exocrine pancreas were used to investigate changes in antigen expression during regeneration of the pancreas after acute pancreatitis and during fetal pancreatic development in mice. During regeneration after acute pancreatitis induced by supramaximal injections of cerulein or by a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet, morphologically identifiable acinar cells expressed the ductal antigen on their luminal surface, but at a lower level than this antigen is expressed on duct cells. As the pancreas regenerated, the ductal antigen was lost from acinar cells and was found only on duct cells. Characteristic tubular complexes formed in both pancreatitis models and were positive for the acinar antigen, demonstrating their acinar origin. In fetal pancreas, acinar cells between prenatal days 3 through 1, when zymogen granules were already abundant, expressed the duct-cell antigen on their luminal surface. By birth duct antigen was mostly present on ducts with only occasional label on acinar cells. The presence of a ductal antigen on acinar cells is associated with acinar-cell growth during regeneration and during fetal development and may reflect a less differentiated state.
Pancreas 1990 Jul
PMID:Growing pancreatic acinar cells (postpancreatitis and fetal) express a ductal antigen. 219 65

We created acute pancreatitis in cats by instilling ethanol (20 ml of a 40% solution) into the stomach and then perfusing activated pancreatic enzymes through the main pancreatic duct. Edematous pancreatitis developed within 24 h as the enzymes leaked out of the duct into the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. We tested the effects of a number of agents on the amelioration of the severity of the pancreatic inflammation. Cimetidine (an H2 receptor blocker) and Benadryl (an H1 receptor blocker) given in combination decreased the incidence of pancreatic hemorrhage but not the overall degree of inflammation. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had a similar effect. Terbutaline (a beta-agonist) given alone decreased the overall degree of inflammation, including the incidence of hemorrhage. All of the drugs given together were no more effective than terbutaline alone. The combination was effective even when given up to 12 h after the onset of pancreatitis.
Pancreas 1990 Sep
PMID:Treatment of acute alcoholic pancreatitis in cats. 223 68

To evaluate whether obesity is a negative prognostic parameter in the course of acute pancreatitis, we examined 149 patients and divided them into four weight groups. Single (methemalbumin) and multiple (Ranson's signs) prognostic parameters were found to be independent of increased body weight in all groups, although the incidence of patients with more than six Ranson's signs or a positive methemalbumin test was highest in the most obese group. There was also no direct positive correlation between increased body weight and the incidence of mortality and late complications such as pseudocysts and abscesses. However, when compared with patients of normal weight, the obese groups showed a slight increase in the incidence of early complications such as shock and renal insufficiency and a significant increase in respiratory insufficiency necessitating artificial ventilation. Thus, increased body weight was associated with increased incidence of early extrapancreatic complications.
Pancreas 1990 Sep
PMID:Increased body weight as a prognostic parameter for complications in the course of acute pancreatitis. 223 73


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