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Query: UMLS:C0001339 (acute pancreatitis)
 10,593 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infected pancreatic necrosis is a life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis that has been traditionally managed with open surgical debridement. Over the last decade, minimally invasive techniques have been increasingly used for the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis and their results are encouraging. Percutaneous retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy is one of the minimally invasive approaches used for debridement of pancreatic necrosis. We report our technique of retroperitoneoscopic necrosectomy using a single-port access.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal minimally invasive pancreatic necrosectomy using single-port access. 2231 82

Summary. Infection frequently complicates the course of severe acute pancreatitis and might manifest as infected pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess or an infected peripancreatic fluid collection. Pancreatic necrosis occurs in roughly 21% of all cases of pancreatitis. In patients with necrosis involving more than one-half of the pancreas, the incidence of subsequent infection is as high as 40%-70%. More than 50% of these infection yield a polymicrobial isolate with predominance of enteric bacteria but recently, the microbiologic pattern has shifted toward more resistant gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci and yeast, a reflection of exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Given the morbidity associated with infection, many commentators have advocated prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in patients with necrosis to the point that this measure has been incorporated into routine practice. However, there is controversy over the risks and potential benefit. Currently, advise against the routine use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics and antifungals (side-effect selection of resistant microbes and fungi). However, there may be some patients who benefit from prophylaxis, and additional studies and investigations are ongoing. Antibiotics should not be given early in the disease course because most symptoms are due to the inflammatory response, not an infectious etiology. Antibiotics are indicated when CT scans indicate a pancreatic phlegmon, empirically in the case of severe pancreatitis associated with septic shock, or with documented fine - needle aspiration biopsy identification of bacteria. Under those circumstances, antibiotic coverage is warranted to prevent systemic gram-negative sepsis. Infected pancreatic necrosis should be treated with carbapenems because they can effectively penetrate pancreatic tissue. Other conditions, such as biliary pancreatitis associated with cholangitis, mandate antibiotic coverage.
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PMID:[Antibiotics for pancreatitis--still controversial?]. 2312 Aug 50

The role of antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is to treat secondary pancreatic infections to prevent systemic sepsis and death. Infected pancreatic necrosis is diagnosed using image-directed fine needle aspiration with culture and Gram's stain. Prophylactic antibiotics have not proven efficacious, while the precise timely detection of secondary pancreatic infections is often elusive. A high clinical index of suspicion should prompt the empiric initiation of antimicrobial therapy until culture results are available. Positive cultures should guide antimicrobial therapy, and for infected pancreatic necrosis, antibiotics should be used in conjunction with interventional techniques for source control.
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PMID:The role of antimicrobial therapy in severe acute pancreatitis. 2363 45

Infected pancreatic necrosis is a challenging complication that worsens prognosis in acute pancreatitis. For years, open necrosectomy has been the mainstay treatment option in infected pancreatic necrosis, although surgical debridement still results in high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, many reports on minimally invasive treatment in infected pancreatic necrosis have been published. This paper presents a review of minimally invasive techniques and attempts to define their role in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis.
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PMID:Minimally invasive treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. 2565 25

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease for which a specific treatment remains elusive. The key determinants of the outcome from AP are persistent organ failure and infected pancreatic necrosis. The prevention and treatment of these determinants provides a framework for the development of specific treatment strategies. The gut-lymph concept provides a common mechanism for systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. Acute and critical illness, including AP, is associated with intestinal ischemia and drastic changes in the composition of gut lymph, which bypasses the liver to drain into the systemic circulation immediately proximal to the major organ systems which fail. The external diversion of gut lymph and the targeting of treatments to counter the toxic elements in gut lymph offers novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of persistent organ failure. Infected pancreatic necrosis is increasingly treated with less invasive techniques, the mainstay of which is drainage, both endoscopic and percutaneous. Further improvements will occur with the strategies to accelerate liquefaction and through a fundamental re-design of drains, both of which will increase drainage efficacy. The determinants of severity and outcome in patients admitted with AP provide the basis for innovative treatment strategies. The priorities are to translate the gut-lymph concept to clinical practice and to improve the design and active use of drains for infected complications of AP.
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PMID:Novel strategies for the treatment of acute pancreatitis based on the determinants of severity. 2829 3

Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis (AP) are based on the Western experience, which may be difficult to extrapolate in India due to socioeconomic constraints. Hence, modifications based on the available resources and referral patterns should be introduced so as to ensure appropriate care. We reviewed the current literature on the management of AP available in English on Medline and proposed guidelines locally applicable. Patients of AP presenting with systemic inflammatory response syndrome are at risk of moderate-severe pancreatitis and hence, should be referred to a tertiary center early. The vast majority of patients with AP have mild disease and can be managed at smaller centers. Early aggressive fluid resuscitation with controlled fluid expansion, early enteral nutrition, and culture-directed antibiotics improve outcomes in AP. Infected pancreatic necrosis should be managed in a tertiary care hospital within a multidisciplinary setup. The "step up" approach involving antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, and minimally invasive necrosectomy instituted sequentially based on clinical response has improved the outcomes in this subgroup of patients.
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PMID:Current concepts in the management of acute pancreatitis. 2834 85


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