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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. At entry, June 1984 through January 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. No heterosexual participants were HIV seropositive. Among homosexual/bisexual men reporting no male sexual partners in the two years before entry into the study, seropositivity was 17.6%. For those reporting more than 50 partners, seropositivity was 70.8%. Only receptive anal/genital contact had a significantly elevated risk of HIV infection. Douching was the only ancillary sexual practice that contributed significantly to risk of infection.
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PMID:Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study. 354 Mar 27

Recruiting gay and bisexual men into AIDS-related research and education programs will become increasingly common as federal, state and local funds become available. The Pitt Men's Study, a study of the natural history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, developed a recruitment strategy based on marketing principles. These techniques allowed the study to target particular gay and bisexual groups for inclusion. 1718 gay and bisexual men were recruited. Non-whites and unemployed men were targeted and recruited in numbers comparable to their representation in the larger community.
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PMID:Marketing strategies for recruiting gay men into AIDS research and education projects. 355 75

In November 1983, we surveyed 655 gay men in San Francisco regarding their sexual practices during the previous month and the same month one year ago. The sample was selected to include men in situations that would lead to high risk of sexual activities related to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) transmission (i.e., men frequenting bathhouses and gay bars) as well as men in low-risk situations (those going to neither place and men in primary relationships). The Bath group showed little change in frequency of bathhouse use and in number of sexual partners from that location. The other groups showed substantial reductions in frequency of sexual contacts from bars, baths, T-rooms, or parks. Men in monogamous relationships showed little change in sexual behavior within their relationship. Men in non-monogamous relationships and men not in relationships reported substantial reductions in high-risk sexual activity, but not a corresponding increase in low-risk sexual behavior. Knowledge of health guidelines was quite high, but this knowledge had no relation to sexual behavior. Using sex to release tension, use of sex to express gay identity, and knowledge of persons with AIDS in the advanced stages of disease were related to frequency and type of sexual behavior.
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PMID:AIDS and sexual behavior reported by gay men in San Francisco. 398 36

In this analysis the aim was to determine the independent effect of moderate to severe weight loss prior to an AIDS diagnosis on survival after AIDS. The study was conducted as part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of HIV-1-seropositive gay or bisexual men. Measured weight and self-reported weight loss data were collected semiannually from 1984 through 1993. The study population included 962 HIV-1-seropositive men who developed clinical AIDS during the follow-up period. Median survival after AIDS was significantly lower for men with measured weight loss of > or = 4.5 kg 3-9 months and 3-15 months prior to AIDS, or who had lost > 10% of their baseline body weight compared with men with less weight loss or weight gain. Men with self-reported unintentional weight loss of > or = 4.5 kg 3-9 months prior to AIDS had significantly poorer survival (median = 1.05 years vs. 1.48 years; p = 0.0001) compared with men not reporting weight loss. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, men in the high measured weight loss group 3-9 months prior to AIDS still had significantly poorer survival [relative hazard (RH) = 1.36; p = 0.02]. Similar trends were seen for the two longer intervals prior to AIDS (RH = 1.38, p = 0.01; and RH = 1.50, p = 0.02, respectively). Men who self-reported weight loss > or = 4.5 kg 3-9 months prior to AIDS also had significantly poorer survival after AIDS (RH = 1.43; p = 0.002) in multivariate analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Weight loss prior to clinical AIDS as a predictor of survival. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators. 755 99

The present study investigated perceptions of AIDS as a social problem relative to 10 other problems in a sample of 194 inner-city sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients. Within-subjects analyses showed that AIDS was viewed as a more serious problem than housing, alcoholism, and child care, while AIDS was less of a problem than employment, drug abuse, crime, discrimination, and teen pregnancy, and no different from transportation and health care. Factor analysis was used to identify the interrelationships among social problems as perceived by STD patients. For men, factor analysis showed that AIDS was most closely related to crime, drug abuse, teen pregnancy, and discrimination, with these problems constituting the first factor and accounting for most of the variance in the analysis. Men also placed AIDS with alcoholism and child care on the third factor accounting for little variance. For women, however, AIDS clustered most closely with alcoholism and child care, accounting for a minimal amount of variance in the analysis. Results further showed that perceptions of social problems among women correlated with HIV-risk-related behaviors. The structural context of social problems, within which AIDS is embedded, is discussed with reference to HIV-AIDS-prevention interventions.
AIDS Educ Prev 1995 Aug
PMID:The perceived social context of AIDS: study of inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic patients. 757 6

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is an often fatal heart disease characterized by ventricular dilation and reduced systolic function. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that have enabled earlier identification of patients with IDCM, the etiology of the disease in most patients remains unknown. The current 5-year survival rate for patients with asymptomatic IDCM approaches 80%; this is a significant improvement compared with earlier reports of the natural history of IDCM. Men are more commonly afflicted with IDCM, but women with IDCM tend to present with more advanced disease. Recent analysis of 3-year transplant-free survival reveals no gender differences, however. Survival in children with IDCM is variable; 30% of infants die within 2 years of diagnosis, but 5-year survival for childhood IDCM is 60% to 84%. An association of IDCM with the peripartum period is well recognized. The etiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy remains unknown, and some cases are familial. This disease is reversible in approximately 50% of patients, and in patients with intractable congestive heart failure, cardiac transplantation is a viable treatment option. AIDS has been more recently associated with IDCM. Acute left ventricular dysfunction and consequent dilated cardiomyopathy occur with increased frequency in patients with advanced AIDS. The etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected patients is presently poorly understood. Survival for patients with AIDS after development of left ventricular dysfunction is extremely poor.
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PMID:The natural history and spectrum of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, including HIV and peripartum cardiomyopathy. 761 85

Cofactors associated with the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease and its prognosis in incident cases of AIDS in homosexuals were studied. We compared 51 men in whom MAC disease developed as the initial AIDS-defining illness (termed AIDS illness hereafter); 157 men who had MAC disease subsequent to another AIDS illness; and 884 men who had only non-MAC AIDS illnesses. MAC disease was the initially diagnosed AIDS illness more often in Baltimore (6.9%) and Los Angeles (5.6%) than in Chicago (2.6%) and Pittsburgh (0) (P < .01). MAC disease also was a more common subsequent AIDS illness in Baltimore (14.3%) and Los Angeles (22.4%) than in Chicago (8.5%) and Pittsburgh (6.5%) (P < .0001). Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii infection increased the occurrence of MAC disease as the initial AIDS illness (from 2.3% to 12.5%; P < .0001). A low white blood cell (WBC) count was slightly more predictive of MAC disease than was a low CD4+ cell count. At 0-6, 7-12, and 13-18 months before diagnosis, the WBC cell counts of 75.0%, 61.1%, and 50.0%, respectively, of those with MAC disease as the initial AIDS illness were < or = 3,400/microL. Men in whom cytomegalovirus disease developed were at higher risk for subsequent MAC disease (relative hazard = 2.65; P < .0001). MAC disease also increased the risk for subsequent cytomegalovirus disease (relative hazard = 3.96; P < .0001).
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PMID:An epidemiologic analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex disease in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 762 6

The authors interviewed 2285 women at three representative family planning clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, between February 1991 and June 1992 to identify predictors of having only one sex partner in the preceding year and to assess levels of knowledge and use of condoms among women of reproductive age in the study area. Blood and genital specimens were collected for the laboratory diagnosis of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). 37.5% of the women had abnormal vaginal discharge on examination and 26.1% had microbiological evidence of STD. 11.5% of the women were HIV-seropositive. 98.3% of the women mentioned sexual contact as a mode of HIV transmission, but only 42.8% cited condom use as a way to prevent HIV/AIDS infection. Younger and more educated women were more likely to mention condom use for the prevention of AIDS. Only 4.6%, however, reported using condoms on a regular basis, and 19.8% on an occasional basis. 57.5% of women who had never used a condom reported not using them because men did not like them. Condom use was positively associated with increasing level of education and increasing number of sex partners. 14.8% of women reported having more than one sex partner in the preceding year. Having sex with multiple partners increased by 210% among cohabiting women, 120% among HIV-seropositive women, and 50% among women with STDs. These findings indicate that AIDS prevention activities have been only partially successful in reaching at-risk women in this population. Even among these high-risk women, only a minority used condoms. Men's negative attitudes about condoms was identified as the major reason for low condom use. Interventions designed to increase condom use should therefore aim to change male attitudes.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Predictors of AIDS knowledge, condom use and high-risk sexual behaviour among women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. 764 20

To characterize long-term survival with HIV-1, we need to estimate the proportion of seroconverters remaining free from clinical AIDS for long periods. We predict that approximately 13% of homosexual/bisexual men infected at a young age may remain so for > 20 years. Since studies have not followed individuals for such periods, long-term survivors must be characterized using stability of immunologic markers. In a cohort of 1,809 seropositive men followed since 1984-85, 15% (187/1,214) of those with at least two consecutive visits early in the study showed no decline in CD4+ cell count. From these, 67 men with long follow-up and no use of zidovudine were identified as cases to investigate correlates of protection against HIV-1-induced immunodepletion. Two matched control subgroups, one with moderate and one with rapid CD4+ lymphocyte decline, produced 56 triplets of individuals to be contrasted. Analysis of data from early in the study on demographics, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted diseases revealed no significant differences among the three groups. Men showing no decline in CD4+ lymphocytes persistently showed a healthier profile with respect to onset of clinical AIDS, survival, and concomitant hematologic variables. Moderate decliners had rates of clinical AIDS and death significantly higher than those in the stable group but lower than the fast decliners.
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PMID:Long-term survivors with HIV-1 infection: incubation period and longitudinal patterns of CD4+ lymphocytes. 769 47

In the Ivory Coast, pneumologists examined 188 chest X-rays of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treated at the Treichville Antituberculosis Center to compare the principal X-ray characteristics of patients with only TB with those of patients infected with TB and HIV. They did not conduct CD4 counts. 45 TB patients were also infected with HIV for an HIV prevalence rate of 38%. 73.3% of HIV infected TB patients were infected with HIV-1. 4.4% were infected with HIV-2. 22.3% were infected with both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Men predominated in both the TB only group and the TB-HIV group (67.1% and 77.7%, respectively). HIV infected patients were more likely to have thoracic extrapulmonary TB lesions than HIV seronegative patients (57.8% vs. 22%; P 0.05). Thus, 57.8% of co-infected patients had AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1987. Among co-infected patients, lesions on the mediastinal lymph nodes predominated (80.7%). Involvement of the parenchyma, demonstrated by miliary X-rays, was rather common (22.3% vs. 38.3% for HIV negative patients). The X-ray of 84.6% of patients with caseous pneumonia were infected with HIV and TB. These findings parallel those in the literature. They suggest that thoracic manifestations of TB indicate the state of immunodepression.
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PMID:[Aspects of thoracic radiography of patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection in Ivory Coast]. 770 Dec 11


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