Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Monze District, Zambia, the population must face the drought of 1991-92, corridor disease (tick-borne East Coast fever), and AIDS. The Ministry of Agriculture in Lusaka acted quick in securing available world stocks in maize which are being targeted to households most at risk of starvation. Food and other interventions are also being targeted to AIDS families to help avoid family breakup and economic ruin. The tradition is that a dead man's relatives may seize belongings, even cooking pots, which may mean the widow and children are left with no means of support. This situation occurs in Monze District despite legislation prohibiting the claiming of possessions. Women are in a difficult position as both planters and weeders of maize and as caretakers of the ill AIDS patients. Men caring for the sick or taking over women's work is necessary in order to prevent a labor shortage for the production of maize. Stocks of mealie meal are needed for families until the next harvest. Seed will be needed in October for planting. With adequate rain, agriculture could return to normal in 1-2 years, unless the impact of AIDS is significant. It is worrisome because 33% of families are expected to have had 1 family member who dies from AIDS by 1997. At present in a population of 160,000, 3600 cases of AIDS have appeared. In adjusting to the drought, the population has had to sell off livestock and their main assets, which has depressed the market value. In addition, 33% of the animals in the southern district have died from corridor disease. The loss of trained oxen will affect ploughing next year. Relief maize is the only hope for subsistence farmers with little or no money, no food in the granary, and no prospect for improvement. Wealthy farmers have had their difficulties also. One man borrowed money to buy fertilizer and maize seed and lost his investment. Maize seed production has been reduced by 50% as a result of the drought, although government authorities have reassured farmers that sufficient seed will be available. This has been the worst drought since 1923-24, and has been acerbated by AIDS in the population.
 ...
PMID:Zambia: drought in Monze. 135 98

In a cohort of gay men responding to the threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dispositional optimism was associated with less distress, less avoidant coping, positive attitudes as a coping strategy, and fewer AIDS-related concerns. Men who knew they were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were significantly more optimistic about not developing AIDS than men who knew they were seronegative for HIV. This AIDS-specific optimism was related to higher perceived control over AIDS and to active coping among seropositive men only and to health behaviors in both serostatus groups. There was no relation of optimism to risk-related sexual behavior. It is concluded that optimism is psychologically adaptive without necessarily compromising health behavior. It is also concluded that it is useful to distinguish between event-based optimistic expectations and dispositional optimism.
 ...
PMID:Optimism, coping, psychological distress, and high-risk sexual behavior among men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 140 25

Public health researchers followed a cohort of 322 homosexually active male clients enrolled at a community health center in Boston, Massachusetts between January 1985-April 1987 at 6-month intervals to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal data on perceptions of sexual behavior change among initially asymptomatic and homosexually active men. Only 262 completed the questionnaire addressing perceptions of behavior change. 40% of the 60 students who did not complete the questionnaire tested positive for HIV compared with 22% of those who did complete the questionnaire (p.01). High risk included unprotected anogenital contact with multiple partners. HIV status was not associated with behavior change. Behavior change was associated with alcohol or drug use during sex for men of low or modified high risk at baseline (p=.01). 96% of 262 men achieved sexual behavior change after learning about AIDS. 58% hoped to make additional changes. 47% thought that they could always sustain the changes. Men who were not consistent in practicing behavioral changes were more likely to want to make more changes (p.001). Men who perceived themselves to practice inconsistent behavior did indeed practice high risk behavior (p=.005). Those who perceived themselves to consistently practice lower risk behavior at follow up were 2.07 times more likely to practice safer behavior than those who did not see themselves as practicing consistent behavior. Follow up data showed that men were somewhat more likely to return to risky behavior than change to safe behavior (p=.07). In fact, men who at baseline participated in high risk behavior were 1.57 times likely to continue the high risk behavior. For men who at baseline participated in low risk behavior tended to continue that behavior (odds ratio=8.88). The researchers concluded that perceived maintenance of behavior change could help health professionals determine which people are at a risk of reverting to risky sex behavior.
AIDS 1992 Aug
PMID:Maintenance of behavioral change in a cohort of homosexually active men. 141 85

Questionnaires were distributed to homosexual and bisexual male participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and to homosexual and bisexual male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine whether the men believed they had been refused medical or dental treatment because of their sexual orientation or a condition related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Men with AIDS were significantly more likely (18%) to report being refused treatment by a doctor or dentist on the basis of a known or suspected HIV-related condition than were men who were seropositive (5%) or seronegative (1%). Significantly more respondents reported refusal of dental care than of medical care.
 ...
PMID:Homosexual and bisexual men's perceptions of discrimination in health services. 150 72

Less is known about the effects of primary relationships on psychological health for homosexual men and women than for heterosexual men and women. Given the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the primary relationships of homosexual men are especially important to examine at the present time. Using questionnaire data collected from 259 homosexual men, this study examined the effects of status and quality of relationship on psychological health. Analysis indicated that homosexual men who are in primary relationships experience fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being than other homosexual men but that being in a relationship does not predict changes in these outcomes over time. Men who report high quality of relationship show improvements over time in psychological health. These findings are discussed in light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
 ...
PMID:Primary relationships affect the psychological health of homosexual men at risk for AIDS. 152 44

Baseline data on a cohort of 612 homosexual and bisexual men were analyzed in order to examine the interrelationships between sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitude factors and sex behavior. Men were recruited for a randomized control study of small group AIDS risk reduction education in Toronto, Canada: The Talking Sex Project. Questionnaire validity and reliability checks were conducted. The development of knowledge and attitude scores is provided and includes reliability checks. Chi square and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Turkey's Studentized range Test, Pearson product moment correlations, and stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed. Population characteristics included a mean age of 32 years; 1.8% were teenagers, 2.8 had AIDS, and 6.2% had HIV-related diseases. Sociodemographic, health and life style, and sexual behavior characteristics were also reported. The univariate description of scaled knowledge and attitude variables is given. Knowledge is fairly high including knowledge or risk. Both scales had skewing toward the higher ends of the scale. 16.3% reported no sexual activity, but 52.6% reported 1 or more sexual activities in the last 3 months, excluding kissing or masturbation, which was the most common activity. 88.4% reported insertive oral-genital intercourse. 61.5% reported receptive of insertive anal sex. 42.2% had oral-anal sex. 4.1% participated in hand-anal sexual practices. Those with high school or less education had significantly lower scores on knowledge. Higher scores on knowledge of risk were found among men who had safer or protected sex than those who had unprotected anal intercourse. The relationship of background variables to sexual behavior showed that bisexuality was found to be associated with men under 24 years of age. 50% of bisexual men under 24 years reported unprotected anal intercourse vs. 24.4% of homosexual men. Alcohol or drug use was associated with sexual behavior, and men with reported safer sex consumed slightly less. Men practicing safer sex were more likely to report impulse control difficulties, had a stronger belief in the efficacy of condoms, and rated sexual practices safer. The logistic model correctly classified 94.5% of safer sex cases and 54.9% of unprotected sex. Efficacy of condoms was the best predictor of safer sex, as well as lower drug use, not being in a relationship, greater enjoyment of safer sex, being older, having fewer sexual partners, and lower, more cautious self-rating of knowledge of risk. Bisexuality needs further exploration.
 ...
PMID:The Talking Sex Project: descriptions of the study population and correlates of sexual practices at baseline. 157 82

This study identified a sample of young African-American men and women who were classified as having multiple sex partners or 1 sex partner. Of the 149 men, 71 (53%) had 1 sex partner. Of the 165 women, 29 (19%) were classified as having multiple sex partners and 126 (81%) as having 1 sex partner. Results indicated that the groups did not differ in their knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, attitudes about condom use differed significantly by gender (p.01) and by multiple sex status (p.001). Angry reactions regarding the negotiation of condom used occurred more with men than with women (p.05). Men and members of the multiple sex partners group tended to engage in more risky sexual behavior. These 2 groups also had a significantly (p.001) higher incidence of gonorrhea. While the multiple sex partners group had significantly more smokers (p.01), drinkers (p.01), and crack users (p.05), men were significantly higher consumers of marijuana (p.001) and alcohol (p.01). Overall, results indicate that African-Americans are knowledgeable about AIDS but there appears to be a gap between knowledge and risky sexual behaviors. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the factors which determine the relationship (or lack of) between these elements. Without such studies, a major part of the foundation necessary for the development of sensitive and effective AIDS prevention programs for this group will be missing.
 ...
PMID:Do African-American men and women differ in their knowledge about AIDS, attitudes about condoms, and sexual behaviors? 160 2

A cohort of 112 men presenting with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was investigated for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. Men with 3 or more episodes of NGU in the preceding 12 months, or who had received treatment for NGU in the preceding 3 months were excluded. C. trachomatis was sought by examination of urethral smears by direct immunofluorescence, and by examination of the centrifuged deposit from a first pass urine (FPU) sample by direct immunofluorescence, IDEIA, and the polymerase chain reaction. Urethral samples from 48 men were positive for CT, and the FPU samples from an additional 7 men were positive by at least 2 assays. With such intensive investigation it is likely that those men identified as chlamydia-negative were genuinely free from the infection. The clinical history and response to treatment of those men who were chlamydia-positive were compared with those of the chlamydia-negative men. They differed in that a larger proportion of the chlamydia-positive men reported having had intercourse with more than one partner in the previous 3 months, and having had fewer previous episodes of NGU. Moreover, in contrast to some previous studies, after one week of treatment with doxycycline, a larger proportion (65%) of the chlamydia-negative men than the chlamydia-positive men (40%) was cured, although the difference was not sustained following later treatment.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:A reappraisal of chlamydial and nonchlamydial acute non-gonococcal urethritis. 161 66

This study examined the impact of social support and HIV-related conditions on depression among 508 gay men participating in the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a population-based prospective study of single men aged 25-54 years. The number of HIV-related symptoms experienced significantly predicted depression cross-sectionally and 1 year later. Satisfaction with each of three types of social support (emotional, practical, informational) was inversely correlated with depression. Men who were more satisfied with the social support they received were less likely to show increased depression 1 year later. Degree of satisfaction with informational support appeared especially critical in buffering the stress associated with experiencing HIV symptoms. These findings offer valuable insight in understanding the psychological needs of gay men confronting the AIDS crisis and have important practical implications for designing mental health services to meet those needs.
 ...
PMID:Social support, AIDS-related symptoms, and depression among gay men. 161

From the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS) and the San Francisco General Hospital Cohort we derived partially population-based estimates of zidovudine (ZDV) use in San Francisco from 1987 to 1989. Data from the SFMHS alone were used to make estimates of aerosol pentamidine (AP) use in 1989. From 1987 to 1989, zidovudine use increased from 36 to 68% in participants with AIDS. In participants with symptomatic HIV infection without AIDS and in those with less than 200 CD4 cells, ZDV use increased initially but then leveled off (from 6 to 25% and 24 to 55%, respectively). Zidovudine use with more than 500 CD4 cells increased from 0.5 to 4%. In 1989 AP use with less than 200 CD4 cells was 42% and with AIDS was 44%. Whereas 50% of participants with AIDS and less than 200 CD4 were using both ZDV and AP, only 14% of those without AIDS but with less than 200 CD4 cells were using both. Surprisingly few members of these cohorts are using therapies proven effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Population-based estimates of zidovudine and aerosol pentamidine use in San Francisco: 1987-1989. 167 79


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>