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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the T-cell abnormalities observed in Hodgkin's disease and the growing number of Hodgkin's disease cases observed in association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), concern has been expressed that a retrovirus may be the primary cause of Hodgkin's disease. We examined plasma specimens from 17 patients with Hodgkin's disease that were drawn in 1979. Because serum containing antibodies to either human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or HTLV-II precipitate the major core protein, p24, of HTLV-I, lack of reactivity to HTLV-I p24 in all the specimens demonstrated absence of antibodies to HTLV-I or -II. None of the specimens was reactive to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by ELISA. None of the specimens were reactive on Western blot assays for HTLV-I or -II or HIV-1. Lack of evidence of cross-reacting antibodies to prototype strains of those retroviruses in specimens drawn before the AIDS epidemic suggests that classic Hodgkin's disease is not the result of infection with one of the known human lymphocytotropic retroviruses or a closely related agent.
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PMID:Lack of evidence of circulating retroviral antibodies in patients with classic Hodgkin's disease. 289 80

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a T-lymphotropic retrovirus associated with immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections in cats. The discovery of FIV provides an opportunity for the development of a small animal model for AIDS. To initiate the molecular and biological characterization of FIV, cDNA clones were synthesized and used to isolate a proviral clone of FIV. Molecular cross-hybridization analysis of FIV with five lentiviruses revealed that nucleotide-sequence similarities exist between FIV and these lentiviruses in the gag-pol genes. However, nucleotide-sequence similarities were not seen upon comparison of the FIV long terminal repeat sequence with known viral sequences. Common antigenic determinants appeared to be shared by FIV, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and visna virus as shown by serological cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and visna virus with the putative FIV core protein p28. These studies demonstrated that FIV is a member of the lentivirus subfamily and is distantly related to the AIDS lentiviruses of primates. Importantly, progeny virions of our molecular clone were infectious for experimentally inoculated cats. The availability of an infectious molecular clone will make possible a detailed dissection of the molecular pathogenesis of FIV, which may facilitate the development of vaccine and therapeutic strategies for AIDS.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of feline immunodeficiency virus. 292 41

The mechanisms by which HIV induces immunosuppression are still poorly understood so far. Several pathways of CD4 cell destruction are known, including cytolysis with or without syncitium formation and killing by cytotoxic effectors of HIV infected or non-infected CD4 cells. However, a discrepancy exists between the small number of actually infected cells in vivo and the extent of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Among other possible immunosuppressive factors, serum blocking factors have been reported, but only in AIDS-related opportunistic infections (OI), i.e. in a quite specific type of full-blown HIV disease. The purpose of this work was to determine whether serum blocking activity was unique to this group of patients, or if it was also expressed in other clinical presentations and, moreover, at earlier stages of the disease. We also attempted to delineate the nature of these seric factors. In order to do so, we assessed serum suppressive activity of 50 HIV seropositive patients, seven with OI, eight with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and 35 with no clinical AIDS. Our results confirm the existence of serum inhibiting factors in AIDS, and demonstrate their presence at earlier stages of the disease. They also highlight the fact that the level of serum suppression does not correlate with patients clinical status, but increases with the severity of the disease. The lower the CD4 count, the higher the suppression exerted. Furthermore, we showed that the suppression was at least partly mediated by small size molecules, which are not complement-mediated or directly lymphocytotoxic. On the other hand, this activity does not correlate with the serum level of p24 HIV core protein. The possible relation with other viral components is discussed. The relevance of these data to prognosis and pathogenesis of HIV disease deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Serum suppressive activity of HIV seropositive patients. 297 74

In this study, two glycoproteins (gp160 and gp120) that are encoded by human T-cell lymphoma virus type III (HTLV-III) were the antigens most consistently recognized by antibodies found in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and with the AIDS-related complex (ARC) and in healthy homosexual males. The techniques used to detect the glycoproteins were radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RIP/SDS-PAGE). Although most antibody-positive samples from ARC patients and from healthy homosexual males also reacted with the virus core protein p24, less than half of the AIDS patients revealed a positive band with p24 under the same conditions. The ability to detect antibodies against a profile of both the major env gene encoded antigens and the gag gene encoded antigens suggests that the RIP/SDS-PAGE may be a valuable confirmatory assay for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies to HTLV-III in human serum samples.
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PMID:Virus envelope protein of HTLV-III represents major target antigen for antibodies in AIDS patients. 298 91

Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses designated HTLV III or LAV are considered to represent the causative agent(s) of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Individuals who have been infected with these viruses may generally be identified on the basis of a positive serological test for antibodies against the protein components of these viruses. Purified viruses or viral proteins have been utilized for developing such tests. Since AIDS may be transmitted by blood transfusion and by blood products, screening of donors for antibodies to HTLV III/LAV has become a necessity. Such screening may be facilitated by the application of assays based on the use of crude virus-infected tissue culture media avoiding elaborate, expensive and potentially hazardous virus purification steps. Serum specimens were mixed with an appropriate dilution of an HTLV III-infected tissue culture-derived fraction, obtained by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and treatment with Tween 80 and tri-n-butylphosphate (to disrupt virus particles), and incubated with polystyrene beads coated with antibodies to HTLV III/LAV (anti-HTLV III). Subsequently, washed beads were incubated with either 125I- or beta-lactamase-labeled anti-HTLV III. The radioactivity or enzymatic activity associated with the beads was proportionate to the quantity of HTLV III antigen originally added to the beads. The presence of anti-HTLV III in serum specimens resulted in decreased antigen binding and thus in decreased radioactivity or diminished beta-lactamase activity associated with the beads. The test was specific for antibodies to the approximately equal to 24 kDa core protein of HTLV III. The prevalence of these antibodies (given in parentheses) in distinct populations was as follows: random blood donors (0.33%); hemophiliacs (36.4%); random homosexual males (25.1%); homosexual males preselected on the basis of positive markers for infection with hepatitis B virus (50%); and those with persistent lymphadenopathy (70%).
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay of antibodies to the core protein (P24) of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV III). 298 12

A syndrome of isolated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has recently been described in homosexual men. We have identified an antiplatelet antibody in the serum of 29 of 30 homosexual men with isolated ITP. The antibody binds to a platelet membrane antigen of 25,000 daltons, and binding is effected by the F(ab)2 portion of the immunoglobulin. Similar antibody activity was not detected in serum from 30 nonhomosexual patients with either ITP or nonimmune thrombocytopenia. The 25,000-dalton antigen was not found on other hematopoietic cells, and it was distinct from the core protein of the AIDS-associated retrovirus. In contrast, serum antibody reacted with a 25,000-dalton antigen associated with cultured herpes simplex virus Types I and II. In these experiments the antigen appeared to be derived from green-monkey kidney cells in which the herpes simplex viruses were grown. Identical antigenic activity was also demonstrated in uninfected human skin fibroblasts. We conclude that ITP in homosexual men is accompanied by a serum antibody directed against a platelet antigen of 25,000 daltons. The nature of the antigen and the relation of the serum antibody to ITP require further study.
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PMID:Target platelet antigen in homosexual men with immune thrombocytopenia. 839 Feb 75

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be transmitted by blood transfusions and by blood products from donors who have been infected with the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). Such donors may generally be identified on the basis of a positive test for antibodies-against LAV proteins. We have already described an anti-LAV assay based on the use of crude virus-infected tissue culture medium, which avoids elaborate, expensive and potentially hazardous virus purification steps. This test was operationally specific for antibodies to the approximately 24 kD core protein of the virus (P24; Neurath et al. J. Virol. Methods 11, 75, 1985). Molecular exclusion chromatography of crude LAV antigen preparations allows separation of most of P24 from larger proteins of LAV (PL). PL and 125I- or beta-lactamase-labeled anti-LAV were used as reagents for radioimmunoassay (RIA)--or enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)--inhibition tests to detect antibodies directed predominantly against PL (anti-PL). Among 257 individuals belonging to groups at high risk of developing AIDS, 117 (45.5%) were positive for anti-PL and 108 (42%) for anti-P24, respectively. The 2 individuals among 600 random blood donors found to be anti-P24-positive in the preceding study also had anti-PL in their serum. Sera from 500 additional blood donors were screened for anti-PL and 1 of these was positive. The implication of these findings for screening of blood donors is discussed.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay of antibodies directed against lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) proteins larger than the core protein (P24). 300 Nov 22

Longitudinal IgG recognition patterns of viral proteins were studied in 15 men who had seroconverted for lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-III). Antibodies to the major viral core protein p24, which is a cleavage product of the gag gene encoded precursor protein pr55, appeared first. These were soon followed by antibodies to pr55 and more gradually by antibodies to the other gag gene encoded cleavage product p18, the env gene encoded transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, the env gene encoded glycoproteins gp65 and gp110, and the putative pol gene product p33. In 13 subjects who remained healthy the reactivity to the different proteins increased or stabilised with time, while in two men who developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) the reactivity, most noticeably to gag encoded proteins, diminished before or at the onset of symptoms.
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PMID:Distinct IgG recognition patterns during progression of subclinical and clinical infection with lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus. 300 34

Infection with the retrovirus that is the etiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by the development of antiviral antibodies. To generate reagents for studying immune responses to individual viral proteins, we have produced viral antigens in microorganisms by recombinant DNA techniques. Large amounts of the major core protein (p25gag) of an isolate of the AIDS retrovirus (AIDS-associated retrovirus; ARV-2) have been directly expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant p25gag (R-p25gag) has been purified and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to p25gag. Serum samples obtained from 100 individuals with AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC), or potential exposure to the virus through sexual contact with AIDS or ARC patients (contacts) were tested first in an ELISA with disrupted whole virus to determine which of the subjects had mounted an antibody response to the virus (virus seropositive) and then in the p25gag ELISA to determine if they had antibodies to this particular viral antigen. We observed a decrease in the proportion of virus seropositive individuals with antibodies to p25gag among patients groups in which the disease was more advanced; contacts were often positive (71%), ARC patients less frequently positive (48%), and AIDS patients only rarely positive (16%). Our results suggest that monitoring p25gag seropositivity of infected individuals may be useful for predicting either the prognosis or the stage of the disease.
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PMID:Differential antibody responses of individuals infected with AIDS-associated retroviruses surveyed using the viral core antigen p25gag expressed in bacteria. 300 41

Fragments of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) proviral DNA carrying the gene for the core antigen (gag) was cloned in the plasmid REV. Several of the recombinants direct high levels of synthesis of the antigens. One clone, pG1, produced a hybrid protein containing 13 amino acid residues of the carboxyl terminus of the 17 kD virion protein, the entire p24, the major core protein of HTLV-III, and 74 amino acid residues of the amino terminal of the 15 kD core ribonucleoprotein. A second clone, pG2, was similar to pG1 except that it contained no p17 sequences and was missing the amino-terminal 77 amino acid residues of the p24. A third clone, pG3, was similar to pG2, except that all but 56 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of p24 were removed. All three proteins were found to be strongly immunoreactive with anti-HTLV-III antibodies present in sera from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). In addition, pG1 and pG2, but not pG3, reacted with a monoclonal antibody (M26) specific for the p24 virion core protein. Whereas all three reacted with an anti-p15 monoclonal antibody, none of the clones reacted with an anti-p17 monoclonal antibody. These results provide direct evidence to support the predicted assignment of the coding region of the gag gene of HTLV-III. The product from pG2 was purified and was found to be potentially useful for the detection of anti-p24 antibodies in sera from patients with AIDS or ARC and from individuals at risk from AIDS.
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PMID:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) core antigens: synthesis in Escherichia coli and immunoreactivity with human sera. 301 73


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