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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of HIV infection on HBV and HDV replication and liver damage were evaluated by comparing the findings from 48 anti-HIV-positive HBsAg chronic carriers with those from 22 matched anti-HIV-negative subjects. The state of HBV/HDV infection was also related to the degree of immunodeficiency of the anti-HIV-positive patients. Most patients were intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) (84.2%); male homosexuals represented only a small proportion (7.1%). Serum HBV-DNA was detected more frequently in anti-HIV-negative than in anti-HIV-positive patients (50% vs. 35%) despite evidence of HDV replication in the anti-HIV-negative group (P = 0.02). Seroconversion from ongoing to inactive HBV infection occurred in 45% of anti-HIV-negative patients as well as in 23% of anti-HIV-positive patients (P = ns). The difference in severity of liver damage between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). Furthermore, in the anti-HIV-positive subjects, HBV and/or HDV activity was detected in 63% of patients with mild immunodeficiency (CDC groups II and III with a total CD4 count greater than 400/mm3) and also in 75% of ARC-AIDS patients (CDC groups IV A-IV C) (P = ns). Severe hepatic disease occurred in subjects with CD4 counts above or below 400/mm3 (13 vs. 6, respectively). In conclusion, the data do not demonstrate that HBV or HDV infections are modified by HIV. The epidemiological background of the patients investigated and the extensive spread of hepatitis viruses in Italy before the appearance of HIV may account for the lack of relationship between HIV and HBV/HDV infections.
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PMID:Lack of HBV and HDV replicative activity in HBsAg-positive intravenous drug addicts with immune deficiency due to HIV. 168 Oct 28

Maintenance of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels has been implicated in blocking cytokine-stimulated HIV replication in vitro, in both acute and latent infection models. We demonstrate here that subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells differ substantially in mean GSH levels, as measured on a cell-by-cell basis with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS): B cells have the lowest GSH levels; T cells are intermediate; and monocytes and macrophages have the highest levels. Furthermore, GSH levels subdivide the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets into two classes each: high- and low-GSH cells, which cannot be distinguished by cell size or by currently known surface markers. Significantly, the high-GSH T cells are selectively depleted early during the HIV infection, and are effectively missing in all ARC and AIDS patients.
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PMID:CD4 and CD8 T cells with high intracellular glutathione levels are selectively lost as the HIV infection progresses. 168 92

CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 91 HIV+ hemophilia patients were monitored for a mean of 4 years (range: 15-69 months). CD4+ lymphocytes decreased in 55 but increased in 36 patients over time. The CD4+ cell increases were persistent in 5 patients, whereas they fluctuated in 31. Of the 36 patients with increasing CD4+ counts 3 developed AIDS and 1 LAS. The other 32 patients were clinically asymptomatic (CDC II), but had immunological abnormalities, such as increased serum neopterin (N = 18) and impaired in vitro T cell responses to pooled allogenic stimulator cells (N = 15) or mitogens (N = 18). In contrast, of the 55 patients whose CD4+ cells decreased, 24 developed AIDS and 5 ARC (P less than 0.0005). Only 2 of these 55 patients had normal mitogen stimulation in vitro and normal serum neopterin levels.
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PMID:Improving CD4+ lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected hemophilia patients. A favorable prognostic indicator? 168 52

The construction and preliminary biological characterization of three molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are reported: HIV-1LAI from a French man with AIDS, HIV-1MAL from a Zairian boy with ARC, and HIV-1ELI from a Zairian woman with AIDS. All three sequences were found to code for infectious viruses. Both the host range and the kinetics of infection in CD4+ cells were different for the three viruses. Virus derived from each molecular clone was infectious on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), although LAI and ELI displayed more rapid growth kinetics than MAL. The viruses had different tropisms and growth kinetics in six cell lines. LAI was infectious in all of the cell lines and produced high levels of reverse transcriptase activity. MAL and ELI had more restricted tropisms: MAL could only replicate on SupT1, whereas ELI grew on Jurkat and MT-4, was delayed on CEM and H9, and was unable to infect U937 cells. In addition, we observed that both the replicative capacity and the cell tropism of viruses could change after passage through some established cell lines. These results suggest that the genotypes of some viruses in vitro are not stable and that selection for growth can cause the fairly rapid appearance of variants with increased growth potential.
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PMID:Changes in growth properties on passage in tissue culture of viruses derived from infectious molecular clones of HIV-1LAI, HIV-1MAL, and HIV-1ELI. 168 26

Isolation of HIV from cultures of CD4+ lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood by indirect panning was optimized and evaluated. Infectious HIV was isolated by single isolation attempts in 98% of 102 HIV-antibody-positive patients (55 had AIDS or ARC and 47 were clinically healthy). The average culture time required for positive cultures was largely independent of the CD4 count of the patients and 87% of the positive isolation cultures from both groups of patients became positive within 14 days of culture. An evaluation of the possible influence of media additives on propagation of HIV showed that: amphotericin-B had a suppressive effect on HIV replication at concentrations recommended for anti-fungal activity; recombinant and human interleukin-2 were equally suitable for both isolation cultures and for propagation of HIV, and polybrene, at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml in the culture medium had a beneficial effect.
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PMID:Isolation of HIV from cultures of purified CD4+ lymphocytes. 168 77

250 determinations of lymphocyte T subsets in 130 HIV infected patients (79 asymptomatic carriers or with lymphadenopathy, 31 ARC- and 20 AIDS-patients) were analyzed as to the percentage, number, and ratio of T4 (helper) and T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes in sequential clinical stages of HIV infection. Asymptomatic HIV carriers or patients with lymphadenopathy were found to have statistically significant higher counts of erythrocytes, platelets, total lymphocytes, percentage and number of T4 lymphocytes and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio than the ARC-patients. Persons with ARC in comparison with AIDS-patients were found to have significantly higher values of erythrocytes, platelets, leucocytes, total lymphocytes, T4 lymphocytes, percentage and count of T8 lymphocytes and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio. In AIDS patients a statistically significant correlation was seen between number of T4 lymphocyte and number of erythrocytes, platelets, total number of lymphocytes and value of T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio.
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PMID:[T4 lymphocytes (helper cells) and T8 lymphocytes (cytotoxic and suppressor cells) in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection]. 168 8

On July 27, 1989, the International Conference on Molecular Aspects of Immune Response and Infectious Diseases devoted a symposium to the subject of the use of intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The information presented confirmed that IVIG benefits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children with recurrent infections and that much remains to be learned about the influence of IVIG in adult AIDS. The symposium participants recognized the urgent need to develop randomized clinical trials using a control group to assess the efficacy of a treatment with IVIG in PGL (persistent generalized lymphadenopathy), ARC (AIDS-related complex), and AIDS. To prepare this report, a committee was established, including individuals with expertise in immunology, immunopharmacology, microbiology, virology, infectious diseases, general medicine, and pediatrics and representing research experience in academia and hospitals. After an introduction to the report with a summary of immunotherapeutic agents under evaluation to treat HIV infection, section 1 lays out the present understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Section 2 then outlines the treatment of HIV-seropositive individuals, discussing the uncertainties that any treatment entails. Section 3 discusses the rationale for treating HIV-infected individuals with IVIG, and Section 4 examines the major differences between IVIG and hyperimmunoglobulins for the treatment of HIV infection. Section 5 looks at IVIG as a mean to delay the emergence of opportunistic infections and restore immunocompetence in AIDS and related illnesses, and Sections 6 and 7 suggest a pilot protocol on the use of IVIG in association with low-dose or standard-dose zidovudine (AZT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Report of the symposium on the use of intravenous gammaglobulin in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 169 38

An oriental remedy, Sho-saiko-to (SST) consisting of a mixture of aqueous extracts from seven different plants and whose most active component is the chemically defined compound baicalein was tested for its ability to inhibit the production of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The testing was done with cultures of human lymphocytes obtained from HIV-positive asymptomatic subjects and patients with ARC or AIDS. The replication of the virus was monitored by quantitative assay of the reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and of the synthesis of antigen p24. The lymphocyte cultures (LC) were maintained in the absence and in the presence of 25, 50 or 100 micrograms/ml of SST, and monitored for up to 5 weeks. The results showed that in LC from asymptomatic subjects RT activity and synthesis of p24 was completely inhibited by low concentrations of SST. High concentrations of SST inhibited virus replication in 80% of LC from ARC patients, but were completely ineffective in LC from AIDS patients. It was observed that the RT activity was more sensitive to inhibition by SST than the synthesis of p24, and that the antiviral effect was dependent on the virus load of the LC.
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PMID:Inhibition of HIV replication in lymphocyte cultures of virus-positive subjects in the presence of sho-saiko-to, an oriental plant extract. 170 25

B cell subpopulations, as defined by double-labelling techniques with CD5 and CD19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), were serially studied in 335 HIV-1 seropositive patients. At the time of the first consultation, no important modifications in either CD5+ or CD5- subpopulations were observed, whatever the stage of the disease. However, in 18 out of the 335 patients (5.37%), a sharp increase in B cells exceeding 20% and 300/mm3 was observed. This increase in B cells was mainly accounted for CD5-CD19+ B cell subpopulations and was associated with: (i) evolution of the disease, since only four patients presented it at their first consultation (one lymphadenopathy-associated syndrome (LAS) and three AIDS); (ii) advanced stages of disease since, at the time of B cell augmentation, two patients were staged as LAS, four as ARC and 12 as AIDS; (iii) a high incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) since three out of the 18 patients presented a histologically confirmed NHL and three others a clinical pattern compatible with this diagnosis. However, in three patients with B hyperlymphocytosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement revealed the existence of a polyclonal expansion of B cells. These results justify inclusion of a pan-B cell marker in routine phenotypic studies of HIV-infected individuals, as well as the search for NHL among patients presenting this abnormality.
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PMID:Serial study of CD5+ and CD5- B cell subpopulations in 335 HIV seropositive patients. 171 42

We have developed two immunoassay systems, one designated HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA that uses as antigens the immunodominant epitopes mixed from each of three major groups of HIV-1 proteins: the core (p24), the pol (p66) and the env (gp41) gene. The other immunoassay system consists of four separate ELISAs for detection of single antibodies to HIV gag gene (p24), HIV pol gene (p66) and HIV env gene (gp41 and gp120). In the present study 200 specimens from patients with AIDS and 200 specimens from patients with ARC were repeatedly positive by HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA. 1425 specimens from HIV drug addicts positive at W.B. were positive at HIV (p24, gp41, p66) ELISA. In addition, 60 samples that were indeterminate by W.B., were repeatedly positive at HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of HIV (p24, p66, gp41) is estimated to be 100%. In this study 1507 specimens from HIV drug addicts, positive at W.B., were all positive (more than one test positive) at HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA and HIV gp120 ELISA used in combination. 135 samples from HIV positive drug addicts, positive at standard ELISA but indeterminate at W.B., were positive by HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA and HIV gp120 ELISA using the same criteria as in W.B. interpretation. The specificity (defined in terms of percentage of non-reacting persons in a low risk population) of HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA, HIV gp120 ELISA is 100%. In this work we demonstrated that: a) HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA could be used as an adjunct or reliable alternative to standard ELISA for detection or confirmation of HIV antibodies in human sera; b) the specificity and sensitivity of antibodies to p24, p66, gp41, gp120 by ELISA used alone and/or in combination, is equal to or greater than W.B.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of anti-HIV ELISA employing recombinant (p24, p66, gp120) and synthetic (gp41) viral antigenic peptides. 171 11


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