Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of AZT on serum HIV p24 antigen and endogenous serum alpha interferon levels was studied in AIDS and ARC patients. Following administration of AZT there was a rapid decline in the serum levels of both HIV p24 antigen and alpha interferon. When AZT treatment was interrupted, the levels of both HIV p24 antigen and of interferon rapidly increased. These findings suggest that HIV or some other AZT sensitive microorganism is the inducer of interferon which is characteristically found in the serum of AIDS and symptomatic HIV infected patients. They also suggest that the rapid decline in interferon levels may underlie some of the symptomatic benefit that follows administration of AZT.
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PMID:Modulation of alpha interferon levels by AZT treatment in HIV-seropositive patients. 162 38

In a prospective study to determine the incidence of clinical dementia in patients with AIDS and ARC, 29 men and 3 women, 19 with ARC and 13 with AIDS, were examined neurologically and neuropsychologically every 6 months for 2 years during a placebo-controlled zidovudine (AZT) licensing trial. Most received two MRI brain scans. Although no patient was clinically demented at baseline, 9 (28%) developed dementia during the 2 years. Progression to dementia was associated with neuropsychological deterioration and with worsening on MRI during a preceding 6-month period, but not with baseline treatment group assignment. The results suggest that patients at CDC Stage IV who do not receive antiretroviral treatment earlier in their illness may develop clinical dementia at an annual rate of about 14%.
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PMID:Incidence of AIDS dementia in a two-year follow-up of AIDS and ARC patients on an initial phase II AZT placebo-controlled study: San Diego cohort. 162 57

Despite the presence of activated CD8+ T-cells that have been identified in infected individuals, these cells do not overcome natural HIV infection. To understand this better, we analyzed the CD8+ cell-dependent HIV-specific lymphoproliferation that occurs after HIV infection. Our study group of 36 individuals included 11 asymptomatic and 16 symptomatic patients (12 ARC and 4 AIDS), as well as HIV-seronegative controls. After CD8+ cell depletion of PBMC cultures, the remaining cells were tested for proliferation during culture with a well-defined and immunodominant gp41-derived HIV analog, gp41(8). After CD8+ cell depletion, three functional outcomes, which differed in accordance with the disease status of the individual, were consistently recorded, namely (i) an "abrogation effect," (ii) an "augmentation effect," or (iii) "no effect." First, removal of CD8+ cells from PBMC cultures abrogated gp41(8)-specific lymphoproliferation in gp41(8)-specific responders. Paradoxically, in other patients, including 5 symptomatics, the same inhibition of CD8+ cell function caused significant augmentation of gp41(8)-specific lymphoproliferation. These results suggest that the subpopulations of CD8+ T-cells that predominate at different stages of HIV-induced disease have different functional properties, including the ability to modulate HIV-specific cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:CD8+ T-cells from HIV-infected patients can either augment or abrogate HIV-specific lymphoproliferation. 164 59

A simple, rapid, reproducible and sensitive peptide-Time-Resolved-Fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) method is described which allows the detection of antibodies to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). By using a panel of synthetic peptide antigens that covered env, gag and pol amino acid sequences, a 20 amino acid peptide (GIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNAS) describing an immunodominant and conserved domain on the gp41 region of the BH10 clone was found to be the most reactive in this study. Optimal conditions for antigen concentration, serum dilution and incubation time were established. The peptide-TR-FIA is specific, as assessed by testing HIV-1 positive sera which included samples from AIDS, ARC patients and HIV-positive drug users. The test was used to detect HIV antibodies in 250 well characterized HIV-1 positive sera and 50 normal sera. Peptide-TR-FIA results indicate that the env peptide was highly reactive with HIV-positive sera showing a sensitivity of 100%. None of the 50 control sera showed positive reactivity against the synthetic peptide. Furthermore the peptide-TR-FIA allowed a fine titration of antibodies to defined epitopes of immunodominant HIV structural proteins that usually cannot be achieved by peptide-ELISA assays.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type I by using synthetic peptides and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). 164 52

We compared in-vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole by evaluating their Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for 100 fungal strains isolated from different biological specimens of ARC/AIDS patients. A semisolid agar medium was used: this method is suitable for testing molds and yeasts, and can be applied to all azole antifungal drugs. Fluconazole had higher MICs than two other tested drugs, especially for Candida krusei strains; however it never had a MIC higher than 40 mg/l. Itraconazole and ketoconazole had MICs higher than 40mg/l for one Cryptococcus neoformans strain. There were no significant differences for itraconazole and ketoconazole among the tested strains.
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PMID:Fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole in-vitro activity. A comparative study. 165 90

Several studies have demonstrated diminished gonadal or adrenal function in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have evaluated gonadal and adrenal function in 18 unselected ambulatory patients seropositive for HIV and clinically categorized as asymptomatic (n = 6), AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, n = 4). None of the patients was critically ill at the time of the hormone studies. Adrenal function was assessed using the 30 minute ACTH-test, and gonadal function by determination of the free testosterone serum level, both simple screening tests easily performable in practice. All male patients had normal free testosterone serum levels. In 5 (29%) of 17 patients (one asymptomatic, 3 with ARC, and 1 with AIDS) serum cortisol concentrations responded subnormally to synthetic ACTH, suggesting diminished adrenal cortisol reserve. The etiological role of the cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is said to be the most frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency in these patients, was unclear in our patients, because 4 of the 5 cases with the subnormal as well as 11 of the 12 with the normal test had antibodies against CMV in serum.
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PMID:[Adrenal cortex and gonadal function in HIV infected patients]. 165 15

Zidovudine use data were examined in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to determine (i) if the proportion of pre-AIDS participants (i.e., CD4+ cells less than 200/mm3 or AIDS-related complex) taking zidovudine is high enough to explain a slower than expected rise in AIDS incidence in U.S. homosexual men since mid-1987; (ii) which factors are associated with starting zidovudine and clinical trials of zidovudine; and (iii) if pre-AIDS patients, as a group, are being undertreated. Data on zidovudine use, clinical trial participation, and sociodemographic, clinical, and hematologic variables were collected every 6 months from 1,195 AIDS-free HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men from April 1987 to September 1989. Overall prevalence of zidovudine use rose from 3.6% in mid-1987 (visit 7) to 23% in mid-1989 (visit 11). Of those with less than 200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3, the prevalence of zidovudine use rose from 23% (24% if those taking zidovudine or placebo as part of a clinical trial are included) at visit 7 to 58% (69%) at visit 11. Of those with ARC, 20% (23%) were using zidovudine at visit 7 and 55% (65%) at visit 11. Although numbers were small, the advanced ARC participants (CD4+ cells less than 200/mm3 and two or more symptoms) reported the highest treatment rates (50, 78, 80, 60, and 74% at visits 7-11, respectively). By September 1989, 42% (31%) of those with CD4+ lymphocyte levels less than 200/mm3 were still not receiving zidovudine, suggesting that many high-risk, pre-AIDS individuals are being undertreated. To explore this finding further, we examined a range of sociodemographic, hematologic, and clinical variables to determine which factors best predicted initiation of zidovudine therapy outside of clinical trials. In multivariate analyses, CD4+ lymphocyte number was the most consistent predictor of initiation of therapy over all four study visits. For each 100 cells/mm3 deficit, the odds ratios were 2.3 (95% C.I. of 1.7-3.1) at visit 7 and 1.7% (95% C.I. of 1.4-2.0) at visit 11. Symptom status and education level were also associated with starting zidovudine, but not at all visits. The relatively low predictive power of the clinical variables raises and the possibility that nonclinical factors not measured in the MACS (drug cost, third-party insurance restrictions, and individual preferences) may play an important role in predicting zidovudine use. Finally, comparisons were made between seropositive participants starting clinical trials of zidovudine and the rest of the study population. No important differences were found in demographic or major clinical variables between clinical trial participants and zidovudine nonusers in this study.
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PMID:Zidovudine use in AIDS-free HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1987-1989. 167 11

The pathophysiology of anemia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is multifactorial. In order to determine the role of erythropoietin (EPO) response as a cause of the anemia, serum levels were determined by direct radioimmunoassay in 110 symptomatic patients with various stages of HIV infection. Symptomatic patients (ARC and AIDS) not receiving zidovudine (ZDV) therapy demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between serum EPO and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Patients with AIDS who were anemic while receiving ZDV demonstrated serum EPO levels that ranged from normal to markedly elevated (9-3,390 mU/ml). The diversity of serum EPO levels in patients with HIV infection and anemia suggests that the etiology of anemia in these patients and their potential response to recombinant human EPO may not be uniform.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin titers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and anemia. 154 78

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is indispensable to biochemical mechanisms of bioenergetics, and it has a non-specific role as an antioxidant. CoQ10 has shown a hematological activity for the human and has shown an influence on the host defense system. The T4/T8 ratios of lymphocytes are known to be low in patients with AIDS, ARC and malignancies. Our two patients with ARC have survived four-five years without any symptoms of adenopathy or infection on continuous treatment with CoQ10. We have newly found that 14 ordinary subjects responded to CoQ10 by increases in the T4/T8 ratios and an increase in blood levels of CoQ10; both by p less than 0.001. This knowledge and survival of two ARC patients for four-five years on CoQ10 without symptoms, and new data on increasing ratios of T4/T8 lymphocytes in the human by treatment with CoQ10 constitute a rationale for new double blind clinical trials on treating patients with AIDS, ARC and diverse malignancies with CoQ10.
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PMID:Coenzyme Q10 increases T4/T8 ratios of lymphocytes in ordinary subjects and relevance to patients having the AIDS related complex. 167 41

12 cases of peripheral facial nerve palsy in African patients attending the Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire de Bangui, Central African Republic, with HIV infections are described with clinical and serological findings. All sera were tested with ELISA and confirmed with Western blot for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (ELAVIA 1, ELAVIA 2, LAV BLOT I, LAV BLOT II, Diagnostics Pasteur). All 12 were HIV-1 positive and HIV-2 negative. Clinically, 1 patient met the clinical definition of AIDS, 3 had AIDS-related complex, and 8 had been previously health. In 11 cases, facial nerve palsy was the 1st presenting syndrome of HIV infection. ONset was acute in all, and associated with flu-like symptoms in 7. The palsy resembled Bell's palsy in 9, but was associated with unilateral vesicular eruptions suggestive of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, or varicella-zoster, in 2 cases. In 1 19-year old woman complete facial paralysis with peri-oral numbness and paresthesia of the cheek developed in 1 hour. All recovered in 2 weeks to 3 months. The T4 lymphocyte counts averaged 764 in the healthy patients and 373 in the ARC and AIDS patients, compared to 1949 in controls. T4/T8 ratios averaged 0.66 and 0.45 in these groups compared to 1.32 in controls. 4 other cases of facial palsy in persons testing negative for HIV are also described. Speculative explanations for the pathophysiology of these palsies were offered: local infection of the facial nerve or ganglion by HIV, inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, or secondary infection, due to immunosuppression, by agents such as Herpes zoster.
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PMID:Peripheral facial nerve palsy related to HIV infection: relationship with the immunological status and the HIV staging in Central Africa. 168 26


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