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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

AIDS dementia complex is a well-defined neurological manifestation of the HIV infection. Its anatomo-pathological pattern is cerebral atrophy, grey and white matter abnormalities and vascular changes, and the main symptom is progressive dementia. SPECT with Tc 99m HMPAO has proved to be an useful tool in studying Alzheimer and multi-infarct dementia, and its use has been recently proposed in AIDS-dementia. We studied with Tc 99m HMPAO 57 Pts (11 HIV+, 26 ARC, 17 AIDS) and control group of 7 drug-addicted seronegative Pts. We found positive results in 45% SPECT, 18% CT, 0% neurological tests of dementia in HIV+ phase, versus 52%, 41, 20% in ARC phase and 94%, 88% and 76% in AIDS phase, while all control Pts were negative. Control group is too small to exclude with all possibility of doubt cerebral blood flow impairment caused by drug damage but nevertheless we think that SPECT examination with 99 mTc HMPAO has an important role in assessing CBF changes in earlier stages of AIDS disease. These changes are probably forerunners of definitive cerebral damage and may be important markers of the advancement of disease.
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PMID:[Use of 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in the study of AIDS-correlated dementia]. 149 87

Haematologic toxicity is the most common adverse effect related to long-term administration of zidovudine (AZT). We evaluated the kinetics of modifications of some haematologic parameters of erythroid series in 65 patients with HIV infection treated with AZT for a mean duration of 7.6 +/- 4.7 months (13 of them with a previous diagnosis of AIDS, 34 with ARC, 18 asymptomatic or with LAS/PGL), in order to correlate the observation and the evolution of these laboratory changes with the onset of severe anaemia. The development of macrocytosis occurs in a large majority of AZT-treated subjects, in spite of folate and vitamin B12 supplementation; the monitoring of erythrocytes distribution according to cellular volume and cellular haemoglobin concentration makes it possible to early recognize the occurrence of modification in erythropoiesis. There is no correlation between an elevated mean corpuscular volume and the development of severe anaemia (Hb less than or equal to 9 g/dl) in an individual patient; a fall in the reticulocyte count appears to be the earliest peripheral blood sign of the development of bone marrow toxicity.
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PMID:[Monitoring of several hematological parameters of the erythroid series in patients with HIV infection treated with zidovudine]. 149 88

This study examined the relationship between spiritual well-being and hardiness in a group of 100 subjects who either tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) or who had diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex (ARC) or AIDS. Each subject completed the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Personal Views Survey (to measure hardiness), and a Demographic Data Survey. Analysis of data included Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients and multiple regression techniques. The results demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between spiritual well-being and hardiness (multiple R = .4165; P less than .001) as well as between the existential component of spiritual well-being and hardiness (multiple R = .5047; P less than .001). The conclusions of the study are that in this sample those individuals who were spiritually well and who were able to find meaning and purpose in their lives were also hardier. This finding has significance for the care that is provided to persons who are HIV+ or who have diagnoses of ARC or AIDS.
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PMID:Spiritual well-being: a predictor of hardiness in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 150 59

One hundred seventy-eight HIV-infected Greek patients were examined and the gingival lesions were recorded. At the time of oral examination, 77 patients were HIV positive, 53 had ARC, and 48 had AIDS. The mean age of the patients was 36.6 years; 158 were men and 20 were women. Fifteen different gingival lesions were recorded. Necrotizing gingivitis (10.1%), gingivitis (5.0%), periodontitis (18.5%), candidiasis (5.8%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (5.0%) were the most common lesions observed. Oral lymphomas and other lesions were recorded in low numbers. Our findings show that dentists should be aware of gingival lesions of HIV disease because some of them are common and diagnostically important.
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PMID:Gingival lesions of HIV infection in 178 Greek patients. 150 24

The monocyte plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AIDS and ARC. This preliminary report adds insight into monocyte activation associated with HIV seroconversion, by comparing recalcification times in healthy controls and HIV-positive patients.
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PMID:Monocyte activation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 151 5

In this study we evaluated interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels in 80 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive (+) individuals and 51 HIV-1 seronegative (-) blood donors. Plasma IL-6, detectable only in a subset of HIV-1(+) individuals (45 of 80) and normal blood donors (28 of 51), was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in HIV-1(+) subjects 187 +/- 20.5 vs. 86.3 +/- 14 pg/ml). Among HIV-1-infected individuals, ARC/AIDS patients showed the highest IL-6 values (243.3 +/- 43.3 pg/ml). HIV-1(+) subjects showed, at all the different stages of the disease, a significant increase in total gammaglobulins, particularly IgG (2071 +/- 101 vs 1265 +/- 34 of HIV-1 seronegative controls). Although among HIV-1-infected individuals, the group with detectable plasma levels of IL-6 shows the highest levels of IgG (2243 +/- 146 vs. 1790 +/- 105, p less than 0.05), no positive correlations were observed between plasma levels of IL-6 and total gamma globulins (r = 0.2) or IgG (0.17). IL-6 production was also examined in the endotoxin-free supernatants of peripheral blood cultured monocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes, in the presence or absence of specific stimuli. The amount of IL-6 released in monocyte and CD4+ T-lymphocyte culture supernatants was similar in 40 HIV-1(+) individuals and 35 HIV-1(-) controls. Our data show that plasma levels of IL-6 are significantly increased in HIV-1-infected individuals, in particular in ARC/AIDS patients. However, such an increase does not strictly correlate with the degree of hypergammaglobulinemia in the same HIV-1-infected individuals.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992 Jul
PMID:Hyperimmunoglobulinemia in HIV-1 infected individuals does not clearly correlate with plasma levels of IL-6. 152 May 41

A prospective study of protein S was carried out in 17 consecutive HIV-infected patients. One subject was excluded because of severe chronic liver disease. Of the 16 evaluable patients (10 men, 6 women), 3 had AIDS, 7 ARC, 4 lymphadenopathy and 2 were asymptomatic. Total protein S and C4bBP (bound protein) were normal in all of them. In contrast, all but one subject had a free protein S deficiency: 35.5% (range: 0-68) for the whole group; 12.4% (range: 0-29) for the women: 50.9% (range: 27-68) for the men. From these results, we concluded that: a) free protein S deficiency is common in HIV-infected patients, b) this deficiency is more pronounced in female than male subjects, and c) this deficit is not linked to elevated C4bBP levels. The mechanism and the clinical consequences of this deficiency are discussed.
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PMID:[Acquired protein S deficiency in HIV infections]. 153 71

The survival times of 246 patients treated with high-dose zidovudine beginning in 1986 were obtained through November 1988. We analyzed clinical and laboratory predictors of survival as measured before initiation of therapy and during the first 32 weeks of therapy. In a multivariate proportional-hazards model, we found significant independent predictive abilities for four pretherapy measurements (AIDS versus ARC diagnosis, Karnofsky performance score, age, and hemoglobin) and four measurements made during therapy (change in log CD4 lymphocyte count from pretherapy to week 24, CD8 lymphocyte count at week 24, rate of decline of hemoglobin over the first 3 months of therapy, and rate of decline in white blood count over the first 6 months of therapy). The presence of three predictors measured during therapy that are statistically significant when controlled for changes in CD4 count suggests that the use of other measures in addition to CD4 counts may substantially improve the prediction of long-term survival based on early response of surrogate markers to therapy.
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PMID:Early predictors of survival in symptomatic HIV-infected persons treated with high-dose zidovudine. 153 75

Increases in plasma levels of soluble CD8 (SCD8) antigen and expansion of the CD8+ CD38+ lymphocyte compartment were early immunologic alterations frequently observed prior to detection of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and diminution of CD4+ cells in subjects at risk to develop AIDS. These increases identified in the 49 seronegative homosexual men were manifest in all 164 homosexual subjects and 45 intravenous drug users (IVDU) positive for HIV-1 antibodies (HIV-1+), 19 patients with ARC, and 29 AIDS patients. Augmentation of plasma sCD8 antigen correlated with increases in both CD8+ and CD8+ CD38+ cells in HIV-1(-) homosexual men (r = 0.35, P less than 0.013; r = 0.48, P less than 0.0005; respectively) and the 258 HIV-1+ subjects (r = 0.25, P less than 0.0003; r = 0.33, P less than 0.0001, respectively). In vitro examination of unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV-1+ homosexuals and IVDU confirmed the fivefold higher constitutive levels of cellular release of sCD8 antigen in these subjects compared to heterosexual controls. Inclusion of radiolabeled amino acids during the 3-day culture period in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin resulted in negligible levels of radioactivity associated with the sCD8 antigen indicative of a lack of de novo synthesis. Throughout clinical progression to AIDS, sCD8 antigen levels continued to escalate relative to the numbers of CD8+ cells bearing CD38+ antigen. The data confirm the interrelationship between sCD8+ antigen and CD8+ and CD8+ CD38+ cells.
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PMID:Increases in soluble CD8 antigen in plasma, and CD8+ and CD8+CD38+ cells in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. 161 15

Immunization of AIDS/ARC patients with autologous cells expressing HIV antigens, although providing clinical and biological benefits, fails to restore cellular immunity. The latter result is due partly to the antiproliferative effect of HIV-1 on activated T-cells (immune suppression), which leads to blockade of specific immune reactions. To overcome immune suppression, a new vaccine strategy was designed consisting of an immunization against HIV-1 combined with components of the T-cell-suppressive (antiproliferative) network. This new vaccine treatment proved to be innocuous in mice, monkeys, and two non-HIV-infected humans. A Phase I clinical trial was performed in six patients previously under cellular immunotherapy and still presenting a cellular immune defect. Preliminary results confirmed, after a 1-year follow-up of the patients, the safety of the new vaccine, which also partially restored the cellular immune response, including anti-HIV HLA-restricted cell-mediated cytotoxicity, delayed hypersensitivity to recall antigens, and proliferation of T-cells specifically activated by recall antigens.
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PMID:One-year follow-up of vaccine therapy in HIV-infected immune-deficient individuals: a new strategy. 161 65


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