Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three hundred and two intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) from five towns in Northeastern Italy were studied. Of the males, 37/249 (14.8%) were homosexuals and of the females, 29/53 (54.7%) were prostitutes; 118 (39.0%) were alcoholics. AST levels were abnormal in 31.8%, ALT in 45.7%, GTP in 36.4%, and bilirubin in 14.6%. The prevalence of HBsAg (13.9%) and HBeAg (21.4% of HBsAg positive) was significantly higher than in 2,983 controls (4.2% and 6.3%, p less than .001 and p less than .02, respectively). Of the HBsAg positive subjects, 51.7% had anti-HDV antibodies. Among 260 HBsAg negative cases, 146 (56.2%) were anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive, 76 (29.2%) were anti-HBc positive and anti-HBs negative (25 anti-HBe positive and 51 anti-HBe negative), and 38 had no HBV markers. Anti-HIV ELISA positive subjects came to 70.5% (triplicate determination with absolute concordance) and Western blot analysis confirmed the results in 99.1% of ELISA positive and 100% of ELISA negative subjects. The prevalence of anti-HIV was significantly higher in anti-HBc positive than negative cases (p less than .02), even excluding HBsAg positive subjects. Cases negative for HIV and HBV had a significantly lower median duration of drug abuse than those with past or present infection (36 vs 60 months, p less than .001). HIV-related diseases were present in 56.3% of the cases (120/213; PGL in 94, ARC in 24, and AIDS in two).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HIV and HBV infection in intravenous drug addicts from northeastern Italy. 349 7

In addition to the well known T-cell dysfunctions in AIDS, hypergammaglobulinaemia and autoimmune phenomena indicate an involvement of the B cell as well. Reports of HTLV-III/LAV-infected B cells suggest T-cell-independent B-cell abnormalities. To look for early B-cell dysfunctions, we examined a high-risk group of AIDS consisting of six homosexuals with PGL and HTLV-III/LAV antibodies, comparing these data to those of patients with AIDS/ARC and a normal control. In vitro studies included the B-cell proliferation response (3H-thymidine uptake) to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and the differentiation response (Ig secretion into culture supernatants) to T-cell-dependent/-independent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBAs). Profound alterations were found in both the proliferation and the differentiation responses. The weak response even to T-cell-independent PBAs indicates a B-cell dysfunction that is not due only to a T-cell defect in patients with PGL, similar to that observed in AIDS.
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PMID:B-cell reactivity in homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). 350 Jul 84

Between February 1983 and April 1986 we studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related disease. 14 patients had AIDS, three had ARC, two had PGL and one had ITP as a sole manifestation of HIV related disease. Peripheral blood abnormalities included marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, rouleaux formation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, a left shift in the granulocyte series and, in the patients with AIDS, vacuolated monocytes. The most frequent bone marrow abnormalities were reticuloendothelial iron block, dyserythropoiesis, megaloblastic change and erythroid hypoplasia. Excess histiocytes were noted in four marrows, one exhibiting haemophagocytosis. None of the bone marrows showed lymphopenia. Eight of the 20 marrows were difficult or impossible to aspirate. None of the trephine biopsies showed increased reticulin. The causes of these abnormalities are probably multiple and include opportunistic infections, drug therapy, immune mechanisms and possibly direct insult by the HIV virus.
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PMID:Peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV related disease. 356 82

The incidence of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia was studied in 105 homosexual men with HIV infection. Lymphopenia was common in patients with AIDS (75%), but its incidence in PGL (24%) was not significantly different from that in asymptomatic anti-HIV positive (15%) homosexual men. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were found in patients with AIDS or PGL, but not in asymptomatic anti-HIV positive homosexuals. The study suggests that the neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in these patients were due to autoimmune destruction of neutrophils and platelets.
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PMID:Incidence and mechanism of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 362 Mar 53

8 subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were encountered between June-December 1986 and were diagnosed as having AIDS (3), PGL (1), MLA (1), and asymptomatic HIV carrier state (3). The clinical presentation, immunologic features, and course of those with AIDS or PGL, were similar to those reported from American, European, and tropical African countries, with low T-helper cells, reversed CD4/CD8 ratio, and the presence of antibody to HIV. Asymptomatic carriers also had reversed CD4/CD8 ratio. 6 of these individuals were foreign visitors, 5 from tropical African countries and 1 from the US, while 2 were Indians who had frequent sexual exposure abroad in countries where AIDS is quite prevalent (1 homosexual in West Germany and other possibly had sexual exposure in Uganda). None of the 2046 Indian nationals in the high risk group screened until January 1987 without history of sexual, blood, or blood product exposure abroad were found to seropositive at this center in North India. These findings suggest that HIV infection is not endemic in North India. However, there is a risk of spread of this infection in North India through sexual or blood contact with foreign visitors.
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PMID:AIDS screening in North India: clinical spectrum of HIV infection. 365 46

In persons with AIDS or at risk from AIDS, autoantibodies against platelets and granulocytes were frequently detected. Platelet-bound immunoglobulins were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in all 16 patients with AIDS, in five out of seven patients with AIDS-related complex/persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (ARC/PGL) and even in seven of 10 healthy sexually active homosexual men. Granulocyte-bound immunoglobulins were found by immunofluorescence in 12 of the 16 AIDS patients, five of the seven patients with ARC/PGL and two of the 10 symptomless men. Red cell bound immunoglobulins were not detected. All patients with AIDS and ARC/PGL and three of the symptomless men were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The platelet- and granulocyte-bound immunoglobulins could be eluted in 93% and 67% of the cases, respectively. This indicates that specific autoantibodies, rather than circulating immune complexes, which were frequently increased, accounted for the findings. There was no relation between the serological findings and the platelet and granulocyte counts. We conclude that autoantibodies against platelets and granulocytes are common in patients with AIDS and those at risk.
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PMID:Autoimmunity against blood cells in human immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) infection. 366 16

The most common hematological abnormality associated with HIV infection is anaemia. The aetiology is multifactorial and may include the HIV virus itself; the anaemia of chronic diseases (ACD); infection with other viruses, mycobacteria and fungi; medications, especially zidovudine; and even B12 deficiency. Erythropoietin insufficiency is present in all anaemic AIDS patients, probably as a result of the mechanism of ACD. The studies, performed in patients with PGL, ARC and AIDS stages of disease demonstrate that rHuEPO is safe, and in dose of 100-200 U/kg b.w. three times a week can alleviate the anemia in AIDS patients taking AZT whose baseline EPO levels are less than 500 mU/ml.
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PMID:[Anemia in AIDS: the problem to avoid. Human recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of HIV positive patients]. 759 81

Data are analyzed from 134 HIV positive individuals who were referred to the National AIDS Control Organization of the Indian Government for clinical management during June 1986-June 1993. The center was a major referral center for northern India. HIV was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Retesting was conducted. The population was grouped as under and over 13 years of age. Laboratory testing was performed in order to determine the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), the absolute and percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios, immunoglobulins, and delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH). Findings indicated an increase in HIV positive cases over time and a greater number of adults who were HIV positive. The mean age was 27.2 years for males and 22.2 years for females. The youngest age was 1.5 years. 116 HIV positive people were Indians, and most lived in metropolitan areas of northern India. 25 were children. 25 lived in neighboring villages of Haryana, Punjab, and around Delhi. Marital status appeared to be unrelated to HIV status. 51 men were single and 46 were married and seropositive due to sexual contacts. 4 women were single and 8 were married. Of the 4 single women, 2 were sexually very active with multiple partners. 6 of the 8 married females acquired HIV infection through their spouses. The other 2 received HIV infected blood transfusions. 39.5% of men and 75% of women acquired HIV infections from heterosexual contacts. 29% of transmission was due to contaminated blood and blood products. The HIV infected male population comprised mainly businessmen and defense personnel. HIV infected persons came mainly from the Bombay-Pune area. 66.6% of persons infected from contaminated blood were from Delhi. Asymptomatic PGL and ARC screenings were the common reason for referral to the center. 13 of the 134 have already died. The most common cause of death was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The most common opportunistic infection was candidiasis.
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PMID:Sociodemographic characteristics of HIV infection in northern India. 763 44

By using abdominal ultrasonography (UlS), deep nodes were detected in 41 of 85 (48%) HIV-1 positive subjects, most of them heroin addicts, but in none of 85 healthy HIV-negative controls. Computerized tomography, performed in 10 cases of lymphadenopathy, invariably confirmed the UlS findings. Prevalence [asymptomatic carriers: 8/15 (53%); PGL patients: 8/18 (44%); ARC: 13/27 (48%); AIDS: 12/25 (48%)], number, size, and site of deep nodes were comparable among the different CDC groups. No correlation was found between abdominal and superficial lymphadenopathy. Median serum concentrations of gammaglobulins (g/dl) and IgG (mg/dl) were higher in patients with than without deep nodes (2.25 vs 1.87 and 2540 vs 1900, respectively) (p < 0.01) as well as in cases with than without superficial nodes (2.15 vs 1.80 and 2340 vs 1941, respectively) (p < 0.05). Abdominal lymphadenopathy occurred during all stages of HIV infection even in asymptomatic carriers: this should be considered in the differential diagnosis of UlS-detected deep nodes. Enlargement of either deep or superficial nodes seems to reflect a state of polyclonal B cell activation.
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PMID:Abdominal lymphadenopathy detected by ultrasonography in HIV-1 infection: prevalence and significance. 819 Dec 34

The presence and concentration of haemoglobin in saliva of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive subjects, anti-HIV-negative subjects at high risk of infection, and healthy controls were studied. One hundred eighty-eight subjects were anti-HIV-positive intravenous drug abusers (IVDA), 22 were anti-HIV-positive homosexual men, 23 were anti-HIV-positive heterosexual contacts, 132 were anti-HIV-negative IVDA, 35 were anti-HIV-negative homosexual men, and 154 were healthy controls. Two milliliters of saliva was collected in the morning before brushing teeth, and the presence and the concentration of haemoglobin were determined. Based on hemoglobin, the data show that the anti-HIV-positive IVDA have the highest tendency to bleeding. The difference between this group with respect to anti-HIV-negative IVDA (P < 0.05) and compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01) is statistically significant. This is also true of anti-HIV-positive heterosexual contacts with respect to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Our data show that all at-risk groups, both anti-HIV positive and anti-HIV negative, have higher haemoglobin concentration than the control group; this difference reaches statistical significance only between anti-HIV-positive IVDA and controls (P < 0.01). The concentration of haemoglobin is significantly higher in subjects with CD4+ lymphocytes < 200/mm3 compared to subjects with CD4+ lymphocytes > 200/mm3 (P < 0.01), in subjects with AIDS-related complex (ARC)/AIDS compared to asymptomatic/PGL subjects (P < 0.01), and in subjects with stomatitis compared to subjects without stomatitis (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Blood in saliva of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: possible implication in sexual transmission of the disease. 830 18


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