Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to understand the significance of presence of HIV-1 in saliva, we searched for by PCR HIV-1 proviral sequences in the saliva cells of 49 HIV-1 infected patients. Seven out 49 specimens resulted positive, 4 of which were from patients with PGL, 1 with ARC and 2 with AIDS. Four patients had a CD4+ lymphocyte counts < 200/cmm and in 3 patients the CD4+ lymphocyte count ranged from 200 to 400/cmm. Two patients were treated with AZT, 1 with DDI and 4 had no antiretroviral treatment. In conclusion, although HIV-1 proviral sequences have been found in saliva of HIV-1 infected patients, a larger group of patients should be investigated to define more precisely the role of HIV-1 in saliva.
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PMID:[HIV-1 proviral DNA sequences in the saliva of patients with HIV infection]. 136 55

Haematologic toxicity is the most common adverse effect related to long-term administration of zidovudine (AZT). We evaluated the kinetics of modifications of some haematologic parameters of erythroid series in 65 patients with HIV infection treated with AZT for a mean duration of 7.6 +/- 4.7 months (13 of them with a previous diagnosis of AIDS, 34 with ARC, 18 asymptomatic or with LAS/PGL), in order to correlate the observation and the evolution of these laboratory changes with the onset of severe anaemia. The development of macrocytosis occurs in a large majority of AZT-treated subjects, in spite of folate and vitamin B12 supplementation; the monitoring of erythrocytes distribution according to cellular volume and cellular haemoglobin concentration makes it possible to early recognize the occurrence of modification in erythropoiesis. There is no correlation between an elevated mean corpuscular volume and the development of severe anaemia (Hb less than or equal to 9 g/dl) in an individual patient; a fall in the reticulocyte count appears to be the earliest peripheral blood sign of the development of bone marrow toxicity.
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PMID:[Monitoring of several hematological parameters of the erythroid series in patients with HIV infection treated with zidovudine]. 149 88

On July 27, 1989, the International Conference on Molecular Aspects of Immune Response and Infectious Diseases devoted a symposium to the subject of the use of intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The information presented confirmed that IVIG benefits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children with recurrent infections and that much remains to be learned about the influence of IVIG in adult AIDS. The symposium participants recognized the urgent need to develop randomized clinical trials using a control group to assess the efficacy of a treatment with IVIG in PGL (persistent generalized lymphadenopathy), ARC (AIDS-related complex), and AIDS. To prepare this report, a committee was established, including individuals with expertise in immunology, immunopharmacology, microbiology, virology, infectious diseases, general medicine, and pediatrics and representing research experience in academia and hospitals. After an introduction to the report with a summary of immunotherapeutic agents under evaluation to treat HIV infection, section 1 lays out the present understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Section 2 then outlines the treatment of HIV-seropositive individuals, discussing the uncertainties that any treatment entails. Section 3 discusses the rationale for treating HIV-infected individuals with IVIG, and Section 4 examines the major differences between IVIG and hyperimmunoglobulins for the treatment of HIV infection. Section 5 looks at IVIG as a mean to delay the emergence of opportunistic infections and restore immunocompetence in AIDS and related illnesses, and Sections 6 and 7 suggest a pilot protocol on the use of IVIG in association with low-dose or standard-dose zidovudine (AZT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Report of the symposium on the use of intravenous gammaglobulin in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 169 38

At a predetermined specificity of 100.0%, the sensitivity of ELISA using the PGL-Tb1 and SL-IV antigens and IgG assays was 35.0% for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in AIDS patients (44.1% when tuberculosis was diagnosed before AIDS, 21.7% when AIDS was diagnosed before tuberculosis). Serial assays in sera collected from 11 AIDS patients before tuberculosis was diagnosed indicated that significant antibody titres were detected 10 months before the onset of clinical tuberculosis. Consequently, it was proposed that serodiagnosis using the glycolipid specific antigens should help in deciding on preventive antituberculosis treatment in these patients.
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PMID:Use of the SL-IV and the PGL-Tb1 glycolipid antigens in ELISA for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in AIDS patients. 174 16

In the course of a study of lymphocyte responses to microbial antigens in HIV-infected patients, we detected a previously unrecognized phenomenon of inhibition of lymphocyte baseline proliferation, induced by the presence of tetanus toxoid and Escherichia coli in the cultures. The effects of tetanus toxoid and Escherichia coli on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro were assessed by comparing the 3H-thymidine uptake by lymphocytes cultured without stimulant with the uptake of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of the antigens. Twenty-six patients with HIV infection (20 asymptomatic/persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, 2 AIDS-related complex, 4 AIDS) were investigated and the controls were 33 healthy individuals without evidence of HIV infection. Eight out of 22 asymptomatic/PGL and ARC patients progressed to full-blown AIDS in the mean follow-up of 26 months. The inhibition of proliferation was considered to be significant when the uptake of 3H-thymidine was reduced by 20% in the presence of the antigens. Using these criteria, 50% of the patients studied with tetanus toxoid and 36% of those studied with E. coli had evidence of the inhibitory phenomenon. Seven of the eight patients who developed AIDS during the observation period had the inhibitory phenomenon. In the group of patients without the inhibitory signs only one evolved to AIDS during the follow-up. The possibility of this phenomenon being related to an induction of suppressor cell activity by the antigens is discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation induced in vitro by microbial antigens in HIV-infected subjects. 180 54

Subjects were 21 men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, n = 13) or AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8), who were not receiving anti-retroviral medication, and 21 controls. At baseline, mild cognitive impairment was detected in language, memory, attention, and visual and auditory processing, primarily in patients with ARC. On follow-up, the ARC group showed continued impairment and abnormalities on new measures of distractibility and activities of daily living. Although mild decline in verbal memory was noted for some patients, overall neuropsychological profiles did not show deterioration. Nomenclature for the pattern of mild, stable neuropsychological changes in patients with cognitive symptoms is discussed. Two interdisciplinary panels have recommended the term HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Unlike the term AIDS dementia, it does not imply progression or a diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:Longitudinal evaluation of neuropsychological function in homosexual men with HIV infection: 18-month follow-up. 182 Dec 45

We have studied hemoglobin concentration in saliva of anti-HIV positive and anti-HIV negative intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) and normal controls and the relationship between hemoglobin concentration in saliva and number of CD4+ cells and clinical status of AIDS in anti-HIV positive IVDA. 120 anti-HIV positive IVDA, 112 anti-HIV negative IVDA and 116 normal healthy subjects not belonging to any risk group for HIV infection completed the study. Saliva was collected at awakening before brushing teeth and the concentration of hemoglobin was determined. Hemoglobin concentration in saliva in basal conditions is higher in anti-HIV positive IVDA with respect to anti-HIV negative IVDA (p less than 0.05) and controls (p less than 0.01). In anti-HIV positive IVDA hemoglobin concentration in saliva is higher in subjects with CD4+ cells less than 200/10(6) l with respect to subjects with CD4+ greater than 200/10(6) l (p less than 0.05) and in subjects with ARC/AIDS with respect to subjects with PGL or who are asymptomatic (p less than 0.01). Subjects with ARC/AIDS have a mean concentration of hemoglobin of 19 micrograms/0.1 ml saliva (range 0-153) which corresponds to 1.3 microliters of blood/ml saliva. If 10 ml of saliva are exchanged during kissing an average of 13 microliters of blood are transferred (110 microliters of whole blood at extreme range). Blood of symptomatic patients has an HIV titer of 7 TCID/microliters which for 10 ml saliva containing an average of 1.3 microliters blood/ml saliva corresponds to an average of 90 TCID (770 TCID at the extreme range).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Blood in saliva of HIV seropositive drug abusers: possible implication in AIDS transmission. 184 Jul 96

A retrospective study on 52,900 individuals tested in 177 Italian Medical Centres for AIDS and related syndromes is reported. The data confirm that I.V. drug users are the group at highest risk in Italy (46% were seropositive and more than one half of these presented PGL or ARC) and that the epidemic probably started in northern Italy and spread south. One third of the examined subjects resulted seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies. ARC was diagnosed in 19% of the symptomatic seropositives. This study is the first national effort to establish a picture of the diffusion of HIV-1 infection in Italy. To reach this aim a periodical survey for the recognition of seropositives should be added to the already existing AIDS notification system.
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PMID:The spread of HIV-1 infection in Italy: seropositivity and AIDS related syndromes. 195 Sep 40

From September 1987 to February 1990, repeated tests were performed in 325 HIV-1 infected subjects at different clinical stages using a radial immunodiffusion method to determine serum IgD behaviour in HIV-1 infection. Four patients had acute HIV-1 infection, 72 asymptomatic infection, 163 PGL, 49 ARC and 37 AIDS. During the study, 57 seropositive patients developed AIDS. The correlation between serum IgD and the clinical stage of HIV-1 infection, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte levels, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, HIV-1 (p24) antigenemia and reactivity to core proteins, IgG, IgA, IgM isotypes and serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration. A significant correlation was noted between HIV-1 (p24) antigenemia, the disappearance of the antibodies reactivity to core proteins and IgD levels in ARC patients. A progressive increase of serum IgD before the occurrence of the symptomatic stage of HIV-1 infection was observed in HIV-1 infected patients who developed AIDS.
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PMID:Serum IgD behaviour in HIV-1 infected patients. 195 Sep 42

In an effort to improve the Walter Reed Staging System (WR), which mainly relies on immune depletion parameters, by introducing viral replication and T-cell activation markers, we examined by p24 antigenaemia and serum neopterin levels (SNL) 72 HIV positive PGL, ARC and AIDS patients (11 of whom classified as WR 2, 21 as WR 3, 16 as WR 5 and 24 as WR 6). While CD4 cell counts, already weakly correlating with the WR itself, did not significantly differ between p24 antigen (p24 AG) positive and negative patients, striking differences between the two groups, especially in PGL patients (p less than 0.0001), were found as far as SNL was concerned. In fact, SNL values, fluctuating around 10 and 30 nmol/l, respectively, in p24 Ag positive and negative patients regardless of their WR allocation, seemed rather to reflect, as global means of any given class, prevalence rate of p24 Ag positivity. We suggest, therefore, to use CD4/SNL ratio (R) for HIV infection and disease staging, as it not only may represent a compromise index between cellular immune depletion and T-cell activation, but also seems to take into account the viral replication component, already shown to be an important predictive marker of disease progression.
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PMID:CD4+:neopterin ratio correlates with p24 antigenaemia in HIV infected patients. 198 67


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