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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lead poisoning is uncommon in the adult population, but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain of obscure etiology. In this paper we present a 38-yr-old male with abdominal pain, a history of alcohol abuse, and exposure to the virus responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The cause of pain was elusive until his occupation as a housepainter was appreciated. The diagnosis of lead poisoning then was considered and confirmed by an elevated blood lead level and symptomatic response to therapy. With the increase in renovation of old buildings, it is likely that the incidence of lead poisoning will become more common.
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PMID:Inorganic lead poisoning in an adult. 336 17

A collaborative study of sera from men in New York City with AIDS and at risk for AIDS, by investigators in Omaha, Cambridge and Kyoto, has failed to identify antibodies to human T cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I).
AIDS Res
PMID:Human T cell leukemia virus-1 antibodies not detected in AIDS. 615 20

The author's purpose was to explore the health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. Eleven HIV-positive women were interviewed using the Omaha System to organize the interview data for content analysis. Data were classified into environmental, health-behavioral, physiological, and psychosocial concerns. Comparisons of the African-American and white women presented more similarities than differences, except for noncompliance with zidovudine therapy. Implications of this study for health professionals include the need to identify support systems for women with HIV/AIDS, to identify ways to encourage women to focus on their own health, to assess for depression and suicide risk, and to refer to appropriate community resources in a timely fashion.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
PMID:Health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. 840 Jan 59

HIV infection (AIDS) burst upon the scene a decade ago. Because it is a sexually transmitted disease that infects blood and kills its victim, it is military relevant and will impact on all aspects of the military. The US Army Medical Research and Development Command as 'Lead Agent for Infectious Disease Research' in the Department of Defense has developed a comprehensive approach to address military concerns: surveillance of infection rates (intelligence) around the world and in the military; behavioural research to develop more effective means of education to change behaviour; and biological research to develop a quick and easy field test, and a vaccine or drug to prevent the disease from occurring despite exposure. Its success will influence the success of the Army in the future.
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PMID:AIDS/HIV in the US military. 848 4

Balancing the rights of suspected or actual HIV-infected individuals versus the preferences of patients, customers, coworkers, and others requires a delicate balancing of individual rights and responsibilities in light of medical and epidemiological facts. It is undoubtedly the quintessential ethical and legal problem of our time for health care management to confront. The dilemmas and the ensuing debate will be intensifying in the nineties as the number of diagnosed AIDS cases and of HIV-positive individuals rapidly expands. Much of the literature in the management field, and unfortunately some in the area of AIDS, consists of writing that ends with such concepts as prescriptions, guidelines, battleplans, etc. for dealing with the problem being discussed. Certainly, excellent articles and books abound in this vein. There is an ever present desire, however, for deductive reasoning whereby, because the topic is management, the problem, whatever it may be, can be managed in the classical scientific method, with one best way to handle the situation. The typical conclusion to an article such as this would be a section subtitled the antithesis of reality, that is, something like "AIDS Made Easy" or "Ten Steps to Effectively Deal with AIDS For Health Care Providers." The foregoing review presents issues that are too complex to be reduced to simplistic action plans for health care management and providers. The legal and ethical problems of the use of HIV testing of health care providers are but one part of the myriad of difficulties brought on by the epidemic--among these being the complex social issues brought on by AIDS and the ramifications in the areas of hospital and health care service reimbursement, cost, capacity, and adequacy. The legal status and propriety of HIV testing will continue to be under debate and in flux for some time, as all available precedent and guidelines in this area are based on current epidemiological and medical knowledge. This is, of course, subject to change and reinterpretation as more is learned about AIDS and as the prevalence of HIV infection, ARC, and AIDS increases. Certainly, it is not an issue that has been resolved by Leckelt and Glover, but these cases have brought more insight into the proper role of HIV testing of health care workers in light of current medical and legal knowledge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The right to know and the right to privacy: HIV testing and health care management. 1017 Sep 43

The effect of 44 different metal ions (Ag+, Al3+, As(O-)2, Au3+, Ba2+, Be2+, Bi3+, Cd2+, Ce3+, CO2+, Cr(O2-)4, Cr3+, Cs+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ga3+, Ge4+, Hg2+, Ir4+, La3+, Li+, Mn2+, MO6+, Ni2+, OS4+, Pb2+, Pt4+, Rb+, Rh3+, Sb5+, Se(O2-)4, Se(O2-)3, Sn2+, Sr2+, Th4+, T1+, U(O2+)2, V(O-)3, VO2+, W(O2-)4, Y3+, Zn2+, and Zr4+) on the activity of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was investigated in vitro. For this study, the RT activity assay was carried out by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, using the template/primer hybrid poly(A) oligo(dT)15, which required some modifications: (1) possible interfering metal chelators (such as EDTA) in the original lysis buffer were avoided, and a new buffer (50 mM Tris-NO3, pH 7.8) was used throughout; (2) an amount of 2 ng of RT per well was considered to be optimal after checking the linearity of the reaction with increasing amounts of enzyme; (3) an incubation temperature of 37 degrees C and an incubation time of 1 h were chosen after preliminary studies in a wide range of temperature and time. At an incubation temperature > or = 40 degrees C, there was a dramatic loss of enzymatic activity. In addition, when RT alone was preincubated for 1 h at 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 37 degrees C, there was a large (83%) loss of activity at 37 C as compared to that at 5 degrees C. These results are indicative of enzyme thermolability, which is higher in the absence of substrates. The effect of metal ions on RT activity was tested using two different metal salt concentrations (10(-4) M and 10(-5) M). Under such experimental conditions, the presence of five metal ions (Pt4+, Ag+, Rh3+, Zn2+, and Hg2+) decreased the RT activity in a dose-response fashion. The observed order of effectiveness with respect to inhibition was Pt4+ > Ag+ > Rh3+ > Zn2+ = Hg2+. Estimated mean inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 7.8 microM for (NH4)2PtCl6, 14.1 microM for AgNO3, 46.8 microM for RhCl3, 53.7 microM for Zn(SO)4, and 56.2 microM for Hg(NO3)2. Because these data are of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding values related to other RT inhibitors used in anti-AIDS therapy, metal compounds or their derivatives could give an interesting contribution in the development of new RT inhibitors for clinical use.
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PMID:Effects of trace metal compounds on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: an in vitro study. 1032 22

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, is the greatest single infectious cause of mortality worldwide, killing roughly two million people annually. Estimates indicate that one-third of the world population is infected with latent M. tuberculosis. The synergy between tuberculosis and the AIDS epidemic, and the surge of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis have reaffirmed tuberculosis as a primary public health threat. However, new antitubercular drugs with new mechanisms of action have not been developed in over thirty years. Here we report a series of compounds containing a nitroimidazopyran nucleus that possess antitubercular activity. After activation by a mechanism dependent on M. tuberculosis F420 cofactor, nitroimidazopyrans inhibited the synthesis of protein and cell wall lipid. In contrast to current antitubercular drugs, nitroimidazopyrans exhibited bactericidal activity against both replicating and static M. tuberculosis. Lead compound PA-824 showed potent bactericidal activity against multidrugresistant M. tuberculosis and promising oral activity in animal infection models. We conclude that nitroimidazopyrans offer the practical qualities of a small molecule with the potential for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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PMID:A small-molecule nitroimidazopyran drug candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis. 1087 39

Mutual of Omaha is being sued for artificially capping AIDS-related medical benefits for two Chicago men. The men both have individual health policies with $1 million lifetime coverage; however, AIDS coverage is specifically capped at $25,000 on one policy and $100,000 on the other. The suit alleges that the benefit caps violate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Illinois Insurance Code, and are not based on sound actuarial practices. Studies have shown that other medical conditions routinely covered, including pregnancies with complications, cost more than AIDS treatments. The litigation will add to case law the controversial issue of whether insurance policies are covered under the ADA.
AIDS Policy Law 1998 Feb 06
PMID:Suit alleges insurer illegally caps medical care for HIV. 1136 69

A Federal judge in Chicago ruled that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) applies to the content of insurance policies, and says that Mutual of Omaha broke the law by artificially capping AIDS-related medical benefits. Federal courts have been divided on the issue. U.S. District Court Judge Suzanne Conlon ruled against the insurance company in a case with two defendants, John Doe and [name removed]. Both Doe and [name removed] have health insurance policies with Mutual; Doe's benefits are capped at $100,000 and [name removed]'s policy is capped at $25,000. Both are nearing the policy limit with the cost of combination antiviral drugs. Doe and [name removed] charge that the caps violate the ADA and the Illinois Insurance Code because they target a specific disability without regard to sound actuarial practices. Mutual of Omaha contends that capping benefits for AIDS is no different from providing lesser coverage for mental conditions, a situation approved by the courts. Mutual also argues that the ADA regulates access to services, but not the substance of the services. It seems unlikely that Mutual can financially justify having two different dollar limits for the caps. The case is scheduled for September. Other cases supporting the view that insurance products fall under the ADA are listed.
AIDS Policy Law 1998 May 01
PMID:Judge says ADA covers content of insurance products. 1136 15

Mutual of Omaha, unable to prove that HIV medical care is prohibitively expensive when compared to other medical conditions, is seeking a ruling that would block lawsuits based on the legality of the AIDS insurance cap. The insurer conceded that it does not have any actuarial data that proves that HIV care is more expensive than providing care for cancer or other serious medical conditions. Three issues that are being considered for appeal are whether Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) applies to the terms and conditions in insurance policies, whether the McCarran-Ferguson Act precludes a cause of action under the ADA, and whether AIDS caps constitute discrimination on the basis of disability. Case law is mixed on this issue.
AIDS Policy Law 1998 Dec 25
PMID:Judge finds against insurer for caps on AIDS medical benefits. 1136 42


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