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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The half-time of transfer of 99mTc DTPA (T50) is a useful method of assessing lung epithelial permeability, which has been shown to be altered in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The present study was designed to assess the usefulness of the T50 measurement in evaluating patients with renal transplants, breathlessness, and fever. An assessment was also made of the effect of renal failure on the T50 result. Sixty-eight non-smokers (12 normal subjects, ten patients with chronic renal failure not requiring dialysis (CRF), ten patients on haemodialysis (HD), ten patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 13 patients with functioning renal transplants (Tx), seven transplanted patients with PCP, two transplanted patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and four transplanted patients with other lung infections), and 30 smokers (ten normal subjects, five CRF, five HD, five CAPD, five Tx) were studied. The lung epithelial permeability of the patients with renal failure, as judged by the whole lung T50, was not significantly different from that of the normal subjects. The T50 of transplanted smokers was significantly longer than that of the normal subjects who smoked and not significantly different from the transplanted non-smokers. Patients with PCP and CMV pneumonitis had significantly faster T50 values compared with all other patients with renal disease. This fast T50 suggests that the test may be of use in identifying patients who have an alveolitis as a cause for their fever when immunosuppressed following a renal transplant.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Lung 99mTc DTPA transfer in renal disease and pulmonary infection. 195 58

One hundred kidney allograft biopsies from 85 patients and tissue specimens from 31 failed allografts were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IMH) with a monoclonal antibody against a cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen and by in situ hybridisation (ISH) with a biotinylated CMV DNA probe. Six clinically and serologically CMV-infected patients with AIDS served as positive controls. Biopsies from six seronegative donor kidneys and autopsy specimens from five clinically and serologically negative patients served as negative controls. Adequate serology in 56 patients showed 50% to be actively CMV infected. No statistically significant difference was found between the frequency of acute rejection in the seropositive and the seronegative patients. Four seropositive transplanted patients contained CMV DNA or CMV antigen in the biopsies and in the grafts. Both methods gave a negative result in 15 patients with glomerulopathy. Expression of MHC class I and II antigens in 17 of the biopsies demonstrated no relation to positive serology or local demonstration of CMV. In conclusion, (1) CMV was not renotropic, (2) there was no correlation between (a) CMV and acute rejection, (b) CMV and glomerulopathy, or (c) CMV and MHC class I and II antigen expression. The study suggests that CMV does not play a major role in rejection.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990
PMID:Detection of CMV DNA and CMV antigen in renal allograft biopsies by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. 196 36

We investigated the presence of HIV antigen in dialysis fluid of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), previously known to be infected with this virus. Sixteen adult patients and 6 adult volunteers were included in the study in 4 groups as follows: Group A: 3 patients on CAPD, previously known to be positive for serum HIV antibodies; Group B: 7 patients on CAPD, serum HIV negative; Group C: 6 AIDS patients without renal disease; and Group D: 6 healthy volunteers. Of the 3 patients of Group A, the HIV-1 Ag was positive in dialysis fluid in only 2. In 1, serum Ab and Ag were present, while in the others only serum Ab was detected. The samples from Group B were all negative for the viral antigen in dialysis fluid. We conclude that dialysis fluid of HIV-infected patients may contain the Ag and is therefore potentially infective. The presence of the HIV antigen was not constant, and was not related to antigenemia. It is possible that the presence of the Ag depends on local factors that influence viral replication or to alterations in the permeability of the peritoneal membrane. We discuss other possible factors that could influence the presence of viral Ag in peritoneal dialysis fluid.
Perit Dial Int 1990
PMID:Recovery of HIV antigen in peritoneal dialysis fluid. 208 86

The existence of an HIV-related nephropathy as a distinct disease entity is controversial. Twelve patients affected by HIV infection (eight drug-abusers, three homosexuals and one black heterosexual) who showed nephrotic syndrome (five patients) or urinary abnormalities (seven patients), four with renal insufficiency, were submitted to renal biopsy. Six patients were in pre-AIDS, six had AIDS. Light microscopy, performed in all cases, showed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in nine patients, a moderate hypercellularity in six, vacuolisation of visceral epithelium in ten, focal collapsed tuft in seven, and tubular microcystic dilatation with large dense protein casts in lumina in seven. Immunofluorescence, available in 11 patients, showed small deposits in mesangium or mesangial and subendothelial spaces. IgG, IgM, and C3 were more frequently found, while three cases were negative. Electron-microscopy (five patients), besides confirming light-microscopy changes, showed several tubuloreticular inclusions (four patients), nuclear bodies (mainly complex) in nuclei of tubular cells (three patients), and nuclear granulofibrillary transformation of tubular cells. Various histological aspects and clinical data confirm the hypothesis that HIV nephropathy can be considered as a separate entity, different from heroin nephropathy and idiopathic focal glomerulosclerosis.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990
PMID:HIV-associated nephropathy: a new entity. A study of 12 cases. 212 70

This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provided.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:EDTA Registry centre survey, 1986. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. 249 73

This article reports on Roswell Park Memorial Institute's experience with a taped, telephone information system in the dissemination of informational and educational messages to the public concerning cancer and AIDS. This system, known as CAN-DIAL, has serviced over 400,000 callers since its inception in 1973. A series of tape recorded messages concerning AIDS was introduced in 1984. This study compares and contrasts basic demographic data on approximately 100,000 callers for cancer and AIDS information for the period 1984 to 1988. Results demonstrate CAN-DIAL to be a well-received, responsive, and efficient means of educating the public about cancer and AIDS.
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PMID:AIDS: public response to a telephone information system. 264 46

This paper summarises the information given on the 1985 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of 1959 known dialysis and transplant units in 33 European countries. Trends in the use of different forms of renal replacement therapy are discussed, and attention drawn to the discrepancy between the EDTA centre and individual patient questionnaires as a source of demographic information on dialysis and transplantation. The results of special questions on dialyser re-use, dialysis equipment, AIDS, and hepatitis are presented, and information obtained from the special paediatric section of the centre questionnaire is also given.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1987
PMID:EDTA Registry Centre Survey, 1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. 312 48

We describe the clinical course of a 39-year-old man who developed AIDS during maintenance haemodialysis. The infection had been transmitted by cadaveric kidney transplantation from a donor with a history of i.v. drug abuse. Fever, splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia and thrombocytopenia were the first signs, and appeared when haemodialysis was resumed 26 months after transplantation. Twenty-eight months later the patient developed a cerebral abscess due to toxoplasma infection. A striking improvement was obtained with cotrimoxazole, but the treatment had to be stopped because of severe leukopenia. The patient died due to relapse of the cerebral abscess. End-stage renal failure does not seem to have modified the clinical course of AIDS in our patient.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1988
PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome transmitted by transplanted kidney: clinical course during maintenance haemodialysis. 314 29

The anaemia of chronic disease is the second most common anaemia in the world and is an underproduction anaemia with relatively low erythropoietin (EPO) values for the degree of the anaemia. This anaemia occurs with inflammation, infection, or malignancy and a principle question has been whether it would respond to recombinant human EPO (r-HuEPO). Several studies are now available to answer this question. In one study 12 of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving r-HuEPO increased their haematocrits 6 percentage points or more and 11 of 12 reached normal haematocrits. Investigations of the effect of r-HuEPO on the anaemia of AIDS showed that patients with EPO levels of 500 U/L or less had an increase in the mean haematocrit of 4.6 percentage points with a decrease in red cell transfusions from 5.3 to 3.2 units per patient. Quality of life indices significantly improved in responders. When 413 patients with anaemia due to a wide variety of malignancies were randomized to r-HuEPO treatment, 58% of those receiving chemotherapy increased their haematocrits by at least 6 points over 12 weeks. Quality of life parameters of responders also significantly improved. Anaemia in three patients with inflammatory bowel disease also responded in 8-14 weeks to r-HuEPO and two of the three reached normal haemoglobin levels. It is clear that r-HuEPO can correct the anaemia of chronic disease and can improve the quality of life of responders.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995
PMID:Erythropoietin and the anaemia of chronic disease. 764

Between November 1983 and December 1991, we undertook a systematic study of kidney in deceased AIDS patients using light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Among the 116 examined kidneys (from 106 men and 10 women), nine (7.75%) showed diffuse mesangial IgA deposits. By light microscopy, glomerular lesions were absent or moderate (mesangial hypertrophy or some mesangial deposits). Urinary abnormalities were mild in all cases. Our study shows that the association between IgA nephropathy and HIV infection is not rare, and a review of the literature disclosed 18 reported cases. Some reported immunopathogenic data support the possibility of a link between HIV infection and IgA nephropathy.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995
PMID:HIV-associated IgA nephropathy--a post-mortem study. 772 26


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