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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The great number of AIDS cases in children in Romania, together with the high annual risk of Tb infection, created the premises for the occurrence of a relatively great number of disease cases through HIV infection/AIDS + tuberculosis, particularly in the age-group "0-5 years". Serum positive HIV children were considered as AIDS cases when tuberculosis was also associated. Twelve cases in which the infections were concomitant, transmitted through injections, constituted an exception to the point. The 12 children serum positive for HIV showed a primary musculo-cutaneous complex on their thighs, at the very place of injections. A proportion of 50% of them showed a favourable evolution under anti-Tb treatment. Most children developed primary tuberculosis aerogenically acquired, associated with AIDS. A proportion of 59.5% of them evoluted towards severe disseminated forms (milliaria, meningitis), with many deaths, and 37.8% only showed a favorable evolution under anti-tuberculosis treatment. HIV infection in children took place predominantly between 1987-1989. Tuberculosis was associated 1-2 years later, when the switching from bacillary infection into active tuberculosis was facilitated by the progressive immunodepression which is specific for AIDS. The tuberculin test with 2 IU-PPD was positive in less advanced AIDS cases but faded in children in the final stage of the syndrome or in those with severe forms of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis finding out in children with HIV infection/AIDS is however possible; therefore, skin test reaction is compulsory in all children in this category. In children with a tuberculosis cured through specific treatment in their histories, the association of HIV infection reaching AIDS stage can lead to a Tb relapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The association of tuberculosis with HIV/AIDS infection in children in Romania]. 133 97

Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DHST) with recall antigens were investigated as prognostic markers in five different approaches. In the first study, 42 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (IVb, IVcl, IVd, and IVe; MMWR 35:334-339, 1986) 26 AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients (IVa and IVc2), and 98 asymptomatic patients (II and III) were evaluated with candidin, tricophytin, PPD and streptokinase-streptodornase. In the second study, 10 patients (II and III) were evaluated sequentially with the same antigens. In the third, 45 patients with at least two positive skin tests ("reactors") were followed for one year and evaluated every 6 months with the same antigens. In the fourth, 16 "reactors" were followed and evaluated every 3 months with the same antigens. We measured the interval from the time at which patients first presented with only one or no positive DHST until the development of ARC or AIDS. In the last study, the correlation between absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the number of DHST was studied in 151 patients. We found that the decrease in reactiveness to DHST correlated directly with the progression to AIDS, demonstrating the usefulness of this simple procedure as a valid prognostic marker.
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PMID:Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 135 23

From January 1989 to February 1992, 19 pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were attended at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia in Mexico City, all of them at the end of pregnancy as well as 15 of their offspring. Sexual transmission was found in 15 patients; the initial classification of 16 was CDC II, only one case with AIDS, and during pregnancy 2 cases changed their clinical status. Absolute CD4 count in 2 cases was lower 20%, None of 10 had positive VDRL and one case showed a positive PPD. All neonates were at term and eutrophics. During their first 3 months of life, 2 had an infectious disease and died. The serologic follow-up at the moment reports 3 having HIV infection (20%), 3 no HIV infection and 9 in study are sero-positive.
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PMID:[Perinatal transmission of AIDS. Experience at the National Institute of Perinatology]. 138 81

The recent report that anti-gp120 antibodies can be induced by allogeneic stimuli in experimental animals in the absence of HIV, has focused attention on the structural similarities between gp120 and MHC. Here we report that some HIV+ individuals develop antibodies which similarly react with the gp120 HIV sequence (aa 254-263) and with the HLA-DR beta chains (aa 142-151). As these two peptides share a high level of similarity, we have investigated the role of this gp120 region on HLA class II mediated T cell recognition. The synthetic peptide corresponding to the gp120 HIV sequence aa 254-263 has been tested on T cell line (TCL) activation. Both the PPD-specific and the self-HLA reactive TCL proliferation increased in the presence of this peptide. Prepulsing experiments indicate that this enhancing effect carried out by HIV peptide is exerted at the level of antigen presentation. Moreover, the specificity of this interaction is supported by the fact that a MoAb specific for this HIV peptide blocked the autoreactive TCL proliferation, similarly to the inhibition carried out by anticlass II antibody. These data support the hypothesis that the functional homology between the HIV peptide and the HLA beta chain described may be involved in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
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PMID:A gp120 HIV peptide with high similarity to HLA class II beta chains enhances PPD-specific and autoreactive T cell activation. 142 70

The effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on mycobacterial antibody production was investigated. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting IgG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPD, it was observed that individuals at risk of HIV infection show a pattern of humoral response to the tubercle bacillus similar to that previously found in the immunocompetent population not exposed to risk factors: 6 of 12 (50.0%) tuberculosis cases had elevated levels of antibodies to PPD and 27 of 30 (90.0%) asymptomatic individuals had antibody levels within the normal range. In an HIV-seropositive group without AIDS indicator diseases, 8 of 22 (36.4%) tuberculous patients had detectable mycobacterial antibodies whereas 156 of 164 (95.1%) non-tuberculous subjects did not. Among AIDS cases, only 1 of 20 (5.0%) patients with tuberculosis and none of 53 non-tuberculous subjects showed a positive result. The study evidenced an increasing humoral unresponsiveness to PPD in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Thus, a serodiagnostic method for detecting tuberculosis such as the ELISA here employed noticeably decreases its utility in the latency stage of the HIV infection, and it is practically useless in clinical AIDS.
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PMID:Humoral response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 147 83

We present 54 cases of tuberculosis (TBC) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) that were observed during five years and represent 37% of our AIDS patients. TBC was diagnosed before AIDS in 7, after AIDS in 5 and simultaneously in 42. Eighty-seven per cent were intravenous drug users (IVDU) and no hemophilia cases were recorded. The tuberculin skin test (PPD) showed a reaction greater than 5 mm in 43%. Prophylaxis has not been used in any patient. TBC was localized in 39% and disseminated in 61%; the lung was the main organ involved. Diagnosis was established by culture in 42 cases and by pathology exam in 12 cases. Eighteen patients had multiple isolations, while 36 had a single one. Co-occurrence with other opportunistic infections was observed in 27 cases. Death related to TBC was seen in 3 patients, and there were no differences in survival between disseminated and localized presentations. Compliance of treatment was very low and follow-up was not achieved in large number of patients.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis and AIDS. Study of 54 patients]. 179 8

The effect of a synthetic peptide, corresponding to a sequence of HIV-1 p24 protein (amino acids 218-237), on in vitro immune responses was studied. The peptide inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the induction of an anti-SRC antibody response and of a PPD-specific proliferative response of human PBL. On the other hand, PHA-induced proliferation of human PBL and PPD-induced proliferation of a PPD-specific human T-cell line were not modified by comparable amounts of the peptide. These results suggest that structures from a protein (p24), present in the serum throughout the course of HIV infection, are able to interfere with the inductive stages of specific immune responses. These findings may help to unravel some of the pathogenic mechanisms of AIDS and may contribute to the development of vaccine strategies.
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PMID:Immunoregulatory effect of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of protein p24 of HIV. 211 80

An association between tuberculosis and HIV infection is becoming increasingly evident. HIV seropositivity has been seen in nearly 30% of some populations with tuberculosis. In other populations nearly 25% of patients with AIDS had tuberculosis. Clinically these patients present with nonspecific findings including weight loss, night sweats, and fever. The symptoms are generally gradual in onset and last for several weeks. Early in the course of HIV infection a PPD skin test may be positive and the radiographic findings may be similar to those seen in individuals with normal immunity. Thus, upper lobe heterogeneous and cavitary opacities may be seen on the chest radiograph. In late HIV infection, however, the PPD skin test is generally negative and the radiograph demonstrates lymphadenopathy and diffuse heterogeneous parenchymal opacities. Tuberculosis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients when diffuse interstitial lung disease is demonstrated in conjunction with hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement. In contrast, lymphadenopathy is not expected in the most common opportunistic lung disease, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Standard antituberculous drug therapy is extremely effective in treating tuberculosis in this setting.
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PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 218 2

In a prospective follow-up volunteer study lasting 4 to 16 months, 17 of 200 homosexual men living in Finland had antibodies to human T-lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III). 1 man who initially had a low titre of HTLV-III antibodies became seronegative within 6 months without any symptoms developing, and a seronegative man became seropositive. 14 men had high titres of HTLV-III antibodies when they first joined the study and during the study titres rose in all other HTLV-III-positive men except those with AIDS. Initially 9 men were symptom-free, 3 had lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), 3 had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 2 had AIDS. During follow-up LAS developed in 3 symptom-free HTLV-III positive men but none of those with LAS or ARC progressed to AIDS. Most HTLV-III-positive men, including those who were otherwise symptom-free, had mucocutaneous lesions generally associated with immune deficiency. Regardless of the symptoms, those with increasing HTLV-III antibody titres showed lowered T helper/T suppressor ratios, decreased numbers of T helper cells, and/or diminished responses to tuberculin antigen (PPD). These results suggest that the clinical spectrum of HTLV-III infection ranges from transient infection through chronic provirus state, asymptomatic virus producer state, LAS or ARC, and rarely full-blown AIDS. Cofactors probably determine the final outcome of infection in the individual.
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PMID:Diversity of clinical spectrum of HTLV-III infection. 285 62

Between May, 1983 and September, 1987, 8 per cent of the patients hospitalised for an HIV infection (i.e. 30 patients, 20 with an ARC and 10 with AIDS) had tuberculosis. The percentage of patients originating from Central Africa or Haiti was important (23 per cent). Tuberculosis was thoracic (76 per cent) and/or extrathoracic (63 per cent). The main organs involved were the lungs (n = 21), the mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 9), the superficial lymph nodes (n = 9), and the liver (n = 8). The pulmonary infection was often multilobar (n = 14), but without caverns. The tuberculin PPD (purified protein derived) test was positive in 63 per cent of ARC patients and in 30 per cent of AIDS patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed in 27/30 patients by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 23) and/or histology (n = 13), and in the remaining patients by response to a specific treatment. In 3 patients with normal X-ray film of the chest, M. tuberculosis could be recovered by culture of the gastric fluid. Antituberculous treatment was effective, but its optimum duration is to be determined since relapse may occur, even after one year of treatment. The side-effects of the treatment were unusually frequent (54 per cent). The occurrence of tuberculosis seemed to aggravate the prognosis of the HIV disease, since 57 per cent of the ARC patients reached the stage of AIDS within 6 months on average. These results are in agreement with the new recommendations of the Centers for disease control which include extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the AIDS criteria. However, in our study, pulmonary tuberculosis had the same detrimental effect and should therefore be included in the AIDS criteria.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 30 cases]. 297 Nov 92


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