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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number, sex and geographic distribution of the Spanish adolescents is reported. The mortality and mortality and their origins, specially for the behavioral remarking, the suicides and suicide attempts. The facts acting as producers. The incidence of diseases that traditionally produced death at an early age: cystic fibrosis, anorexia, nervosa, reporting also the own experience. The frequency in our country over pregnancy and its origin at this age, and the possible consequences in the newborn. The sexual transmission diseases and its relationship with the pelvic disease. Incidence of sexual intercourse, AIDS and substance abuse in Spanish adolescents supported in own statistics studies and literature. In the final conclusions is treated whose is the responsibility of all these adolescents cares and the history of these aspects in our society. In abstract it can be said that the adolescent is "that abandoned unknown".
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PMID:[Characteristics of the adolescent in Spain]. 182 46

A 37 year old male developed fever for 20 days, along with headache, anorexia, malaise, sweating, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. At this stage, Ag p24 was positive and anti HIV was negative. The patient recovered fully but 6 months later positive HIV titers were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and Western-blot. A retrospective diagnosis of acute retroviral syndrome was made. The difficult differential diagnosis with infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, measles, rubella, toxoplasmosis and influenza is discussed. Thus, anti HIV antigenemia should be investigated in any patient with a mononucleosis like syndrome belonging in a high risk group for AIDS, even if Paul-Bunnell-Davidson or IgG anti VCA-EB reactions are positive.
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PMID:[Acute retroviral syndrome]. 182 45

In a series of studies, recombinant interferon-alpha 2a (rIFN alpha 2a, Roferon-A) was administered alone (273 men) or combined with vinblastine (91 men) to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Patients were treated with daily doses of rIFN alpha 2a ranging from 3 to 54 million international units (I.U.) administered intramuscularly. A dose of 36 million I.U. daily for approximately 10 weeks followed by a three times weekly maintenance schedule with the same dose resulted in the best overall therapeutic benefit. An escalating-dose regimen of 3, 9, and 18 million I.U. daily, each for 3 days, followed by 36 million I.U. daily, produced equivalent therapeutic benefit with amelioration of acute toxicity in some patients. Response was more likely in patients without a history of opportunistic infection or B symptoms (fever, night sweats, or weight loss). Response rate increased with increasing baseline CD4 lymphocyte count and was 45.5% in patients with a CD4 count of greater than 400/mm3. Responding patients with a CD4 count of greater than 200/mm3 had a distinct survival advantage over patients who had similar CD4 counts but whose tumors did not regress with therapy. The addition of vinblastine increased toxicity and did not improve the response rate or prolong survival. Side effects included fatigue, fever, chills, myalgias, headaches, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. Mild abnormalities in hematologic and liver function tests occurred in some patients. Most adverse effects diminished or resolved with continued therapy. We conclude that rIFN alpha 2a offers important therapeutic benefit in a select group of patients with AIDS-related KS.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha 2a in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 182 54

Acalculous cholangitis and cholecystitis may occur in the course of AIDS. The symptoms are always the same: pain in the right upper quadrant, fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhoea, associated with biochemical signs of cholestasis, often without jaundice. Morphological explorations show thickening of the gallbladder wall and dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts, sometimes associated with stenosis of the major duodenal papilla and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
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PMID:[Acalculous cholangitis and cholecystitis in two AIDS patients]. 182 15

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has several fundamental immunoregulatory, haematological, metabolic and physiological effects. It coordinates the different cellular interactions in wound healing and inflammation, but most importantly it stimulates the activation and differentiation of pre-B-cells and T-cells, the attraction of neutrophils, the recruitment of bone marrow stem cells, the stimulation of the metabolism of arachnoid acid, the degradation of proteoglycans, an increase of body temperature and loss of appetite. An altered production of IL-1 or of IL-1 inhibitors may cause profound disturbances, as in AIDS, other viral and malignant diseases and in uncontrolled inflammatory processes. Since a variety of feedback mechanisms for the stimulation or inhibition of IL-1 production have been detected, a major research goal will be to analyse and correct as curly as possible any abnormalities of inflammation or wound healing. Completely new treatment methods might become available in the future through approaches interfering with the signal transduction or processing of IL-1, especially by IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA).
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PMID:[Interactions and biological mechanisms of action of molecular signal peptides. I. Interleukin 1 (IL-1)]. 183 20

A 33-year-old man with AIDS and pleuro-pulmonary tuberculosis was treated with a combination of antituberculous medications for 12 months and with continuation of isoniazid. A total of 2 months after completing combination therapy the patient developed fever, malaise, and anorexia. Mycobacterial blood cultures grew M. tuberculosis and the patient improved with the readministration of rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Phage typing of the patient's isolates of M. tuberculosis confirmed that he had experienced a relapse and not a reinfection. The patient had received 5 months of his treatment while hospitalised. We believe he was compliant with therapy outside the hospital because he attended all of his clinic appointments. Follow-up studies of HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis are therefore needed.
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PMID:Relapse of tuberculosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome despite 12 months of antituberculous therapy and continuation of isoniazid. 194 19

Anorexia is a symptom of cancer and a cause of decreased caloric intake and weight loss. Successful treatment for anorexia can improve the patient's well-being and prevent or reverse the effects of anorexia on nutrition. Following reports of appetite enhancement and weight gain in uncontrolled studies of high-dose (320 to 1,600 mg/d) megestrol acetate in patients with cancer or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), several randomized, placebo-controlled trials have been completed. These trials demonstrate that megestrol acetate therapy improves appetite and food intake in patients with anorexia and advanced cancer, leading to weight gain in a subset of patients. The mechanisms of action of megestrol acetate (a progesterone derivative) probably include both behavioral and metabolic effects. Several carefully designed randomized trials are under way to establish the optimal dose and to determine the mechanism of weight gain. Patients with cancer or AIDS who complain of anorexia and whose nutritional status is compromised may benefit from megestrol acetate therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of anorexia and weight loss with megestrol acetate in patients with cancer or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 199 35

The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection are reviewed. MAC infection is one of the most common infections in AIDS patients. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, but it is believed to develop by gastrointestinal colonization followed by systemic invasion. The relatively poor response to treatment may be partly accounted for by the tremendous mycobacterial load present by the time patients develop systemic symptoms. Clinically, MAC infection is difficult to differentiate from the signs and symptoms of AIDS or from other opportunistic infections. Signs and symptoms include fever, malaise, anorexia, night sweats, and weight loss; diarrhea and abdominal pain may also be present. There is no established therapy for MAC infection, although combinations of three to five antimicrobial agents are typically used. There has been consistently poor correlation between in vitro results and in vivo outcomes in the treatment of MAC infection. Currently, the role of treatment is mainly to suppress the progression of infection and to relieve symptoms. Recent in vitro studies and animal studies have revealed possible alternative agents and combinations of agents (e.g., macrolide antibiotics, quinolones, amikacin, cytokines) that may influence therapy of MAC infection. No known therapy for MAC has been shown to prolong survival in AIDS patients, possibly because of the high organism load that exists once patients become symptomatic. Research is needed to find improved methods for earlier detection of MAC infection, determine optimal dosage regimens of current antimycobacterial agents, develop better antimycobacterial drug-delivery systems (e.g., liposomes), and discover new antimicrobials with better activity against MAC and methods of immune modulation that will overcome immune system defects.
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PMID:Current and investigational therapies for AIDS-associated Mycobacterium avium complex disease. 191 27

Preliminary information has suggested that megestrol acetate leads to appetite stimulation and nonfluid weight gain in patients with breast cancer, other cancers, and AIDS. Pursuant to this, we developed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of megestrol acetate in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. We randomly assigned 133 eligible patients to receive 800 mg of megestrol acetate per day or a placebo. Patients assigned to megestrol acetate more frequently reported improved appetite (P = .003) and food intake (P = .009) when compared with patients receiving the placebo. A weight gain of 15 lb or more over baseline was seen in 11 of 67 (16%) patients receiving megestrol acetate compared with one of 66 (2%) given the placebo (P = .003). Patients receiving megestrol acetate reported significantly less nausea (13% vs. 38%; P = .001) and emesis (8% vs. 25%, P = .009). No clinically or statistically significant toxic reactions were ascribed to megestrol acetate, with the exception of mild edema. This study convincingly demonstrated that megestrol acetate can stimulate appetite and food intake in patients with anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer, leading to significant weight gain in a proportion of such patients.
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PMID:Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia. 199 53

Even in the absence of anorexia and malabsorption, weight loss is frequently observed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). To investigate whether increased resting energy expenditure (REE) might be responsible for this weight loss, indirect calorimetry was performed in 18 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men free of clinically active opportunistic infections for at least 2 months. Patients with AIDS (n = 11) or ARC (n = 7) had 9% higher rates of REE when compared with 11 healthy volunteers (P less than .05) with similar food intake and of the same body composition. The results obtained from patients with AIDS or ARC were identical. As no differences were found between patients and controls in plasma concentrations of catecholamines, thyroid hormones, cortisol, or tumor necrosis factor, except for lower concentrations of norepinephrine in the patients (mean +/- SD, 233 +/- 111 v 367 +/- 125 ng/L, patients v controls, P less than .01), this hypermetabolism is not explained by higher levels of these catabolic hormones. The results indicate that even in the absence of acute concomitant infections, increased REE may contribute to the weight loss in patients with AIDS or ARC.
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PMID:Increased resting energy expenditure in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. 223 80


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