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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1983, researchers studied 288 asymptomatic Israeli male homosexuals (mean age, 30.8 years) to determine the prevalence of antibodies to HTLVI and HTLVIII and their correlation with impairments of the immune system and serum interferon (IFN). These men reported an average of 11.8 years of homosexual experience and an average of 42 partners/year. 26% of the participants had mild inguinal lymphoadenopathy in the beginning of the study and 8 of the 26% later developed generalized lymphoadenopathy. Further, HTLVIII infection progressed to AIDS in 3 of the 288 men during follow-up observations. Laboratory personnel tested each participant's blood for HTLVI and HTLVIII antibodies by using the ELISA technique and positive results were confirmed by immunoblotting, titration, and specific competition with either HTLVI or HTLVIII. The seropositivity prevalence for HTLVI, HTLVIII, or both was 1.4, 8.3, and 0% respectively. No antibodies to either virus were present in the control subjects. Researchers noted significant increases in the level of serum IFN (2SD) in 50% of both seronegative and seropositive homosexuals, when compared with the control group. Significantly more lymphoid population impairment existed in the HTLVIII seropositive homosexuals than in the HTLVIII seronegative homosexuals, but more lymphoid population impairment was found among the HTLVIII seronegative homosexuals than the controls. Therefore, this study provides evidence that such abnormalities in seronegative individuals are present prior to any exposure to the HTLVIII virus. Thus, infection with the virus probably aggravates the preexisting immune impairments, leading eventually to the development of AIDS.
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PMID:Immune impairments and antibodies to HTLVIII/LAV in asymptomatic male homosexuals in Israel: relevance to the risk of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 244 28

In patients with AIDS, LAS and ARC a defect in producing lymphokines such as Interleukin 2 and Gamma-interferon is found. Possibilities of therapy are reported. Especially the immunostimulant properties of inosiplex are commented, and the first successful results of therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[Immunostimulation in the lymphadenopathy syndrome and in AIDS--Inosiplex (inosin pranobex, methisoprinol]. 244 84

The presence of circulating interferons in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) raises the question of their possible pathogenetic or defence functions. Interferons control levels of HLA class I and II antigens on cells and can activate or inhibit immune killer cell activities. Tumour necrosis factors (TNF) and interleukin 1 induce a new autocrine species of interferon known as IFN-beta-2 whose gene has been cloned, sequenced and expressed. This IFN mediates the increase in HLA expression caused by TNF as well as the antiviral activity of this cytotoxin.
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PMID:Interferons: cytokines in autoimmunity. 244 34

Ovine lentiviruses share genome sequence, structural features, and replicative mechanisms with HIV, the etiologic agent of AIDS. A lamb model of lentivirus-induced lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, comparable to lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with pediatric AIDS, was used to investigate production of leukocyte-soluble mediators. Lentivirus-infected lambs and adult sheep with severe lymphoid interstitial pneumonia had significantly elevated levels of spontaneous interferon (IFN) production from pulmonary leukocytes compared with ovine lentiviruses-infected animals with mild or no lesions of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia or non-infected controls. However, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lentivirus-infected lambs did not spontaneously release significant amounts of IFN. IFN production by pulmonary lymph node lymphocytes was enhanced in the presence of lentivirus-infected alveolar macrophages. Animals with lentivirus-induced disease and spontaneous IFN production had enhanced virus replication within tissues. The ovine lentiviruses-induced IFN had a m.w. of between 25,000 and 35,000 and was resistant to freeze/thawing procedures. The IFN activity was sensitive to trypsin and stable to low pH and heat. IFN with similar physical and biochemical properties was produced when ovine lentiviruses was added to control leukocyte cultures. IL-2 and PGE2 production and responses to mitogen by pulmonary lymph node lymphocytes of lentivirus-diseased lambs were not statistically different from control animals. Increased local production of IFN in lentivirus-infected host tissues may serve to accelerate the entry of leukocytes into virus-induced lesions promoting cell-mediated tissue damage and also provide increased numbers of cells for virus replication.
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PMID:Spontaneous interferon production by pulmonary leukocytes is associated with lentivirus-induced lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. 244 76

Interferons are natural proteins with important regulatory functions. Impairment of their production may help to explain many of the immunologic abnormalities and disease susceptibilities of AIDS patients, while excessive production of an unusual type of interferon may explain some of the systemic symptoms associated with the syndrome. In a subset of patients, alpha interferons may have therapeutic potential against a major complication of the syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma. Finally, both alpha and gamma interferons have potential, but as yet unexplored roles to play in the treatment of HTLV-III/LAV viremia and in the control of secondary infectious complications of the syndrome.
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PMID:Interferon in AIDS. 245 69

Thirteen men with a median age of 37 (range 28 to 46) years who had extensive Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were treated with combination chemotherapy and alpha-interferon. Four patients had stage III disease and nine had stage IV disease (one with pulmonary and eight with gastrointestinal involvement). Treatment consisted of monthly courses of actinomycin D, 1 mg/m2, and vinblastine sulfate, 6 mg/m2, given intravenously on day 1, bleomycin, 10 mg/m2 given intravenously on days 1 and 8, and human lymphoblastoid (alpha-) interferon, 10 million U/m2 given subcutaneously three times a week for six doses starting on day 14. Forty-one treatment cycles (median 3, range 1 to 12) were administered. The median granulocyte and platelet counts on day 14 before the start of interferon therapy were 600 X 10(9)/L and 134 X 10(9)/L respectively; the counts did not fall further during interferon therapy. There was no difference in T-cell subsets, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase level or results of blastogenesis studies after interferon therapy. Four patients required admission to hospital for neutropenia-associated fever. A complete response (of 24 weeks' duration) was seen in one patient and a partial response (of 14 to 44 weeks' duration) in four. One patient had a mixed response, with regression of skin involvement but progression of pulmonary disease. The median length of survival was 48 (range 4 to 143) weeks. Eleven patients died of progressive Kaposi's sarcoma, one of lymphoma and one of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The results suggest that this form of therapy is not appropriate for patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy and alpha-interferon in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 245 77

In the past decade, interferon, the first of a new class of biologic response modifiers, has undergone extensive Phase I and II clinical evaluation in a broad spectrum of cancers, including hematologic malignancies, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Interferon has been found to have important clinical activity in hairy-cell leukemia, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, previously untreated multiple myeloma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant carcinoid tumors, intravesically treated superficial bladder cancer, intraperitoneally treated ovarian carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Recombinant DNA technology has produced molecules such as the interferons, which are antigenic and can induce antibody formation as part of a generalized immune response. The frequency of antibody occurrence, the magnitude of the antibody response, and the type of antibody induced by the interferons is thought to be related to several factors. These include the specific type of neoplasm for which interferon was administered; the specie of interferon administered; the dose, route, schedule, and duration of interferon administered; and the assay method and sampling time used to determine the antibody titer. Opinions and clinical observations about how these antibodies affect the clinical course of a disease vary among investigators. Some studies have demonstrated that antibody formation is associated with an abrogation of the clinical response, while others have not found any effects on the clinical course of a disease due to antibody presence.
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PMID:Biotherapy with interferon--1988. 246 49

Several clinical, epidemiological and immunological data support the opportunistic nature of Kaposi's disease. Although the physiopathology of the disease is unknown, its characteristics, and particularly its immunological dependence, have repercussions on treatment which must avoid making the immunological process worse, especially since the proliferation is rarely life-threatening. Recent therapeutic innovations, such as alpha interferon, have failed to bring the expected results which are disappointing in the form associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In the classical form of the disease radiotherapy and chemotherapy provide a satisfactory improvement without any side-effect that might threaten the patient's life.
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PMID:[Treatment of Kaposi's disease]. 246 80

Skin biopsies obtained from apparently normal skin from 15 HIV infected patients and 6 anti-HIV negative patients were examined by electron microscopy. Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) were detected within the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells in 5/5 AIDS patients and in 2/5 patients with AIDS related conditions. Biopsies from 5 asymptomatic HIV positive patients and the 6 control subjects were without ultrastructural alterations. The occurrence of TRI was related to low numbers of CD 4+ lymphocytes. 5/7 patients with TRI had elevated serum interferon activity, and in all of the patients without TRI, interferon activity was below detection level. The occurrence of TRI was not dependent on the presence of free p24 antigen in serum. It is concluded that the occurrence of TRI in entothelial cells of skin capillaries is associated with late stages of HIV infection and this may indicate a generalization of this change.
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PMID:Tubuloreticular inclusions in skin biopsies from patients with HIV infection. 246 47

We evaluated a multicenter cohort of 1219 subjects with hemophilia or related disorders prospectively, focusing on 319 subjects with documented dates of seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The incidence rate of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after seroconversion was 2.67 per 100 person-years and was directly related to age (from 0.83 in persons 1 to 11 years old up to 5.66 in persons 35 to 70 years old; Ptrend = 0.00003). The annual incidence of AIDS ranged from zero during the first year after seroconversion to 7 percent during the eighth year, with eight-year cumulative rates (+/- SE) of 13.3 +/- 5.3 percent for ages 1 to 17, 26.8 +/- 6.4 percent for ages 18 to 34, and 43.7 +/- 16.4 percent for ages 35 to 70. Serial immunologic and virologic markers (total numbers of CD4 lymphocytes, presence of serum interferon or HIV-1 p24 antigen, and low or absent serum levels of anti-p24 or anti-gp120) predicted a high risk for the subsequent development of AIDS. Adults 35 to 70 years old had a higher incidence of low CD4 counts than younger subjects (P less than or equal to 0.005), whereas adolescents had a low rate of anti-p24 loss (P = 0.0007) and subjects 1 to 17 years old had a lower incidence of AIDS after loss of anti-p24 (P = 0.03). These findings not only demonstrate that the risk of AIDS is related directly to age but also suggest that older adults are disproportionately affected during the earlier phases of HIV disease, that adolescents may have a low replication rate of HIV, and that children and adolescents may tolerate severe immunodeficiency better because they have fewer other infections or because of some unmeasured, age-dependent cofactor or immune alteration in the later phase of HIV disease.
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PMID:A prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and the development of AIDS in subjects with hemophilia. 232 15


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