Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myelin basic protein (MBP) was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC) in order to investigate the degree of white matter destruction. Results show that increased CSF levels of MBP were detected in all patients with severe ADC (10/10) and, less often, in subjects with mild (2/7) or moderate dementia (7/16). No evidence of MBP-elevated concentration was observed in 14 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive subjects without neurological disorders and in nine HIV-seronegative controls. Our findings suggest that the measurement of CSF MBP concentration may represent a predictive marker of myelin injury and neurologic damage during the course of ADC.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein as predictive marker of demyelination in AIDS dementia complex. 137 Jun 71

The clinical and social consequences of AIDS dementia complex/HIV-1 associated cognitive/motor complex (ADC/HACC) in drug users have not been well documented. The value of prospective serial neuropsychological, neuroradiological and neurophysiological measurements to assist diagnosis of ADC/HACC in patients with premorbid personality disorder and intercurrent drug use is demonstrated. The psychosocial problems resulting from ADC/HACC with respect to community care and the location of hospitalization is considered. The relevance of the 1984 Mental Health Act (Scotland) with regard to drug users with ADC/HACC is discussed.
AIDS Care 1991
PMID:HIV-1 associated cognitive/motor complex in an injecting drug user. 178 69

The present study attempts to estimate the prevalence of Aids Dementia Complex assessed by neuropsychological testing in Norwegian patients with AIDS using a clinical control group with acute leukemia and an asymptomatic HIV-positive group as reference groups. Newly diagnosed patients with AIDS and not receiving zidovudine or other anti-viral drugs, patients with asymptomatic HIV infection, and newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia, were studied with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Speeded tests and composite non-verbal measures discriminated significantly between groups. The results indicate higher than 50% prevalence of ADC in newly diagnosed Norwegian patients with AIDS. Our findings indicate that the AIDS population may contain two distinct groups, a subgroup with ADC and a subgroup with persistently normal neuropsychological function. The group with asymptomatic HIV infection showed normal neuropsychological performance.
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PMID:Prevalence of neuropsychological deficit in HIV infection. Incipient signs of AIDS dementia complex in patients with AIDS. 206 51

A brief characterization of 27 neurologic syndromes occurring in 44 AIDS patients during two years is presented. In 4 out of 7, intrathecal Ig synthesis was demonstrated without the CSF cell count and blood brain barrier values being within a normal range. Ig intrathecal formation was also observed in 2 LAS patients without neurological symptoms. Similar changes in CSF findings occur in other subacute encephalitis, particularly in multiple sclerosis. Activation of CSF B-cells or their depression due to impairment of CD8 T-lymphocytes was indicated as the cause of this phenomenon. In the Authors' opinion this explanation is somewhat general. The possibility of an immune response in CNS was clearly demonstrated, but in the CSF neither B-cells nor Ig producing plasma cells are evident. In addition, it should be noted that the reliability of blood brain barrier and Ig intrathecal assessment procedures is doubtful in ADC disease, because of the severe alterations in serum albumin and Ig concentrations seen in these patients.
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PMID:Cerebral spinal fluid IgG production in HIV-positive patients. 274 Jun 4

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC) commonly complicates the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. Although many of its clinical aspects have recently been brought into clearer focus, and pathogenetic evidence has accrued implicating direct HIV brain infection, there remain a number of fundamental aspects of ADC and HIV nervous system infection that require clarification. These include clearer definition of the clinical syndrome and its variants; development of instrumentation for diagnosis and monitoring the disorder; definition of the epidemiology and natural history of both central nervous system HIV infection and ADC, which may seemingly be discordant; and understanding of both the viral pathogenesis and the biology of resultant brain dysfunction. Elucidation of these fundamental issues will enhance rational development and evaluation of therapy.
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PMID:The AIDS dementia complex: some current questions. 334 98

The pathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC) is unknown. However, recent work indicates that neurons and astrocytes are functionally compromised by exposure to viral components or cellular factors released from HIV-1-infected macrophages/microglia. We show that exposure of primary cultured rat astrocytes to the major HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 results in alterations of ion and solute transport that may contribute to neuronal cell injury.
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PMID:gp120-mediated alterations in astrocyte ion transport. 787 84

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-encephalopathy (formerly AIDS Dementia Complex, or ADC) is characterized by global impairment of intellectual and cognitive functions, personality and behavioral disturbances, decreased memory, inability to concentrate, and apathy. Its motor dysfunction is manifested by impaired speech, gait, and coordination, and by psychomotor retardation. Several scientific reports indicate that ADC may be the earliest, and, at times, the only evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, and may present a diagnostic challenge, particularly in the aviation context. Several aviation medicine specialists have pointed out the safety questions raised by this condition when it presents in otherwise asymptomatic individuals. Since October 1985, U.S. military pilots have been tested for the presence of HIV antibody and grounded if found positive. In May 1991, the Executive Council of the Aerospace Medical Association approved a position statement that supports testing of pilots for infection by HIV, and maintains that "individuals confirmed to be infected should be found medically disqualified for flying duties." While bureaucrats delay in resolving HIV mandatory screening, HIV-encephalopathy may be precipitously brought to light, with symptoms involving ocular motor disorders such as dissociated nystagmus, gaze-evoked nystagmus, and impaired saccadic function and smooth pursuit, frequent signs of HIV cerebellar and pontomesencephalic dysfunction.
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PMID:HIV-encephalopathy: should we await a catastrophe before screening? 783 42

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain leads to massive neuronal damage, resulting in the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) dementia complex (ADC). A recent study using transgenic mice indicates that neurons possess transcription factors capable of activating the HIV promoter. To identify these, we transfected two types of primary cultures of rat neurons with HIV promoter-reporter gene constructs. The two kappa B regulatory sites in the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) are shown to be essential for strong promoter activity. Two proteins present in neurons, BETA and an NF-kappa B-like protein, can bind the kappa B sites. These proteins are shown to belong to distinct families of transcription factors. Mutation analysis and transfection of a dominant negative NF-kappa B mutant, indicate that the neuronal NF-kappa B-like activity mediates HIV promoter activation. cDNA cloning, biochemical and immunological analyses indicate that neuronal NF-kappa B is similar to NF-kappa B of other tissues. Transfections of primary neuron cultures with an HIV promoter-beta-galactosidase construct show that within these cultures, neurons are indeed the cells that highly activate the HIV promoter. Thus, analogous to the situation in T-lymphocytes and macrophages, NF-kappa B is an activator of HIV transcription in neurons.
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PMID:NF-kappa B activates the HIV promoter in neurons. 822 36

Progressive cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC), significantly influences the social prognosis of afflicted patients. The frequency and character in different stages of the infection are controversially discussed. In previous studies, differences in the selection of patients and methods of testing led to widely differing results. For these reasons, in the present prospective study on 45 HIV-infected patients, a structured psychiatric interview (SIDAM) was conducted based on the algorithm of diagnosing dementia in DSM-III-R and the ICD-10 guidelines. The psychopathological findings are expressed in syndrome scores; the results are summarized in a total score (SISCO). The interview contains the Mini-Mental State Examination. The degree of psychosocial functioning was estimated on the global assessment of functioning, Axis V of DSM-III-R. In stages preceding AIDS, only slight cognitive dysfunction was found compared with age- and education-matched normal controls, and this caused no relevant disturbance of psychosocial functioning. In 9 patients with manifest AIDS, dementia was diagnosed with DSM-III-R criteria and ICD-10 guidelines (30% of the AIDS patients). They showed marked impairment of intellectual ability, memory, verbal ability and calculation and constructional ability and fewer cortical focal symptoms (aphasia and apraxia). Corresponding to previous studies, major cognitive dysfunction in HIV infection can be characterized as subcortical dementia.
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PMID:Cognitive impairment, dementia and psychosocial functioning in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective study based on DSM-III-R and ICD-10. 842 19

The findings of studies that use psychoneuroimmunological frameworks can help nurses evaluate and treat patients' psychological and physical responses to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One response to HIV infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC), may occur at any stage of the infection and is particularly distressing to both patients and nurses. In Part I of this series, current research pertinent to ADC is reviewed. In Part II, we describe an approach used to characterize the neuropsychological functioning of persons at different stages of HIV infection.
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PMID:Characterizing the neuropsychological functioning of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection, Part I. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex: a review. 849 4


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