Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antioxidant and/or free radical scavenger vitamins (A, E) as beta carotene are unequally distributed among intertropical peoples from Africa. In Ivory coast for example the values observed are clearly enhanced in the regions where Palm oil is usually eaten than in savanna regions. Primary liver cancer (PLC) is more frequently observed in savanna regions. Furthermore it has been recently suggested that retinoic acid which is derived from vitamin A and beta carotene could interact with the genes which are involved in the primary liver carcinogenesis. In PLC patients as in subjects suffering from sickle cell anaemia, malaria, kwashiorkor or marasmus, and AIDS, the plasma levels of vitamin A, Vitamin E and beta carotene are decreased. Though disturbances in the digestion of fats that may be observed in some pathologies (mainly in Kwashiorkor) affect the discussion of the results, haemolysis and/or acute phase reaction with increased respiratory burst are always observed. That explain, at least in part, the lowering of lipophilic-antioxidant-vitamin plasma levels. As a consequence crude palm oil addition or vitamin A and E therapy would enhance the natural defences against the deleterious effects of the oxidative stress induced by these affections. It is worth checking about.
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PMID:[Antioxidant and/or free radical scavenger vitamins in tropical medicine]. 130 94

The frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected monocytes that spread on a model basement membrane was about twofold greater than that of an equal number of uninfected control cells through the initial 12 to 18 h of culture. By 24 h, virtually all HIV-infected and uninfected control cells spread on the basement membrane gel. The frequency of spread cells in the uninfected control population was less than 10% of total cells by 12 days. In contrast, 30 to 40% of HIV-infected monocytes remained spread through this time interval and formed a dense interdigitated network of cell processes on and into the gel matrix. Invasion of the basement membrane matrix by HIV-infected monocytes suggested increased secretion of proteases able to digest the gel. Indeed, levels of neutral protease activity in culture fluids from HIV-infected monocytes were significantly higher than those from equal numbers of uninfected control cells. High levels of protease activity in culture fluids of HIV-infected monocytes required productive virus infection and were not observed with cells exposed to T cell-tropic HIV isolates. The predominant protease activity in these cultures was a 92-kd neutral metallogelatinase. HIV-induced changes in monocyte metalloprotease activity may be important for extravasation of infected cells to tissue or for the development of AIDS-associated neuropathology, carcinogenesis, and opportunistic infection.
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PMID:Interactions between HIV-infected monocytes and the extracellular matrix: HIV-infected monocytes secrete neutral metalloproteases that degrade basement membrane protein matrices. 150 80

CDI, C57B1/6 and DBA2 mice were subjected to dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) carcinogenesis to determine incidences of various types of tumors developing internally in the three strains. The animals were also screened for skin angiosarcomas. Skin lesions histologically similar to cutaneous AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma were observed in CD1 mice. Angiosarcomas predominated over colorectal tumors in C57Bl/6 and DBA2 mice, whereas the reverse was true for CD1 mice. The visceral angiosarcomas had both histological similarities and differences with visceral AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:An animal model of Kaposi's sarcoma. II. Pathogenesis of dimethyl hydrazine induced angiosarcoma and colorectal cancer in three mouse strains. 156 55

In September 1991, the 7th IUVDT Regional Conference on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) convened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to exchange information on the importance of controlling STDs and HIV-AIDS in Asia. Speakers from Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan provided the latest HIV-AIDS epidemiological data. In Thailand, heterosexual transmission of HIV is catching up with iv drug use. Most infected women are 15-24 years old. In Malaysia, drug use iv drug use trails heterosexual transmission of HIV. In Japan, hemophiliacs comprise 85% of HIV-positive people. Current problems do not compare to the sizable task Asian countries face in affecting the progression of the HIV-AIDS epidemic. All countries need to implement control measures quickly and at the same time. They should not pretend traditional values and beliefs would shield their people from the epidemic. Asian countries should especially stop promoting themselves as places of sexual adventure. Control programs should also target STDs. Australian presenters discussed the results of the Sydney Sexual Lifestyle Study and a study on the effect of zidovudine therapy on the prognosis of AIDS. Another presentation focused on the possibility of a vaccine for chlamydia infection. Several papers centered on the treatment of chancroid and gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis and evaluation of a detection test for chlamydia infection. 1 participant reviewed the role of human papilloma virus in cervical carcinogenesis. Another participant demonstrated a link between bacterial vaginosis and adnexal tenderness and pelvic infection. The conference concluded with a presenter challenging everyone to meet the HIV-AIDS challenge. Reasons why current control measures do not work include inadequate facilities to manage STDs, tendency not to consider HIV another STD, failure to promote and lack of condoms, and not educating school children about HIV-AIDS.
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PMID:Seventh IUVDT Regional Conference on Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Kuala Lumpur, 5-7 September 1991. 158 59

Whereas previously KS represented a very rare and obscure neoplasm, it has become over the past decade a significant disease. Its appearance in various well defined risk populations and in immunosuppressed individuals and the mounting epidemiological evidence that KS may well represent a sexually transmitted disease in certain groups make KS an important tumour to study as a model for carcinogenesis. Among the various forms of KS described, it is the epidemic form of KS, most frequently associated with HIV infection, that is now the most prevalent form seen around the world. Clinically, the mucocutaneous and lymph node involvement are its most frequently recognized manifestations. Skin lesions in epidemic KS, unlike those in classical KS, appear anywhere on the skin or oral mucosa and at any age in patients with AIDS. Visceral lesions are often present, sometimes in the absence of cutaneous KS. Epidemic KS is rarely the cause of death in AIDS patients, even in those with visceral involvement, unlike the HIV-1 unrelated African endemic form of KS, which is an aggressive and malignant tumour. HIV testing is necessary to establish the diagnosis of AIDS in patients with epidemic KS, even in those patients with risk factors for HIV infection, since epidemic KS may represent an epidemic disease caused by a yet unidentified transmissible agent distinct from HIV. Concurrent transmission of HIV and the putative "KS agent" may have occurred in the homosexual patients with AIDS in whom KS has been so prevalent, and the recently identified form of epidemic KS in individuals not infected with HIV may well become yet a new form of this curious disease.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. 182 22

The therapeutic history of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (dithiocarb) is briefly reviewed. Dithiocarb was discovered serendipitously in our laboratory 35 years ago for the specific treatment of nickel carbonyl poisoning. Since that time, the therapeutic efficacy of dithiocarb has been reported for many disorders, including: nickel, cadmium, thallium, copper, and mercury poisonings, experimental nickel carcinogenesis, protection against radiation damage to bone marrow, treatment of candidiasis in experimental animals, hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease), systemic lupus erythematosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). It has been used as an antagonist to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide toxicities, and as an antidote to hepatotoxicity induced by chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and halothane. Most recently, it has been observed that the progression of HIV-1 infection is inhibited by dithiocarb administered intravenously or orally to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Attention is directed to the interactions of divalent cations to viral infections and to metal chelators (e.g., dithiocarb) as potential antiviral agents.
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PMID:Therapeutic properties of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate: its role as an inhibitor in the progression of AIDS. 184 85

Since 1989, a Certification in Medical Oncology is offered to ESMO members on the basis of their professional curriculum vitae and of their scores in a multiple choice examination. The first session took place in London, U.K., in September 1989, during ECCO 5. One hundred and twenty-five ESMO members were evaluated by means of 60 multiple choice questions covering various aspects of medical oncology, such as tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, drug pharmacology and toxicity, histology and cytology, epidemiology, carcinogenesis and tumor biology. The mean percent of correct answers was 77.4. The best results were obtained with questions dealing with chemotherapy. Scores of 40% or less were obtained in 8 questions, including 2 questions on AIDS related tumors. A similar examination is available in 1990 and will be prepared yearly in the future. It is hoped that this European ESMO Certification will contribute to lessen the professional discrepancies between oncologists of European countries and improve the level of oncological training in Europe.
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PMID:Results of the first ESMO examination in medical oncology, London 1989. 200 41

The clinical spectrum of cutaneous carcinogenesis has not changed substantially. New insights into the pathogenesis of ultraviolet induced lesions have resulted in better understanding of the basic biology of cutaneous tumours. This has evolved into the development of 4 stages in skin carcinogenesis. New problems like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), associated tumours and ozone depletion are emerging, which will require greater research efforts into preventing a further increase in incidence.
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PMID:Cutaneous carcinogenesis: a review of recent advances in pathogenesis. 218 41

The differentiation of B-cells, unlike other hematopoietic cells that develop in a single burst, occurs in interrupted steps. As a consequence there are different types of B-cells that are distinguished by their level of development. Accordingly there are a variety of different kinds of B-cell tumors. The most common proto-oncogene that is mutated in B-cell tumors is c-myc. In mammalian systems c-myc is mutated by chromosomal rearrangements with immunoglobulin-gene-bearing chromosomes. The c-myc gene may be directly rearranged in some translocations but in a number of others the breaksites are only near the c-myc locus. The mechanism of dysregulation of myc transcription in the latter is currently being investigated. Probably the most striking finding is the number of different B-cell tumor-forming systems in different species in which one or more of the characteristic 'myc' chromosomal translocations occur. In humans these occur in eBL, sBL and AIDS-associated lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas. Dysregulation of c-myc is a major phenotype in many (but not all) B-cell tumors and further does not appear to be sufficient to establish an autonomously growing B-cell. Surprisingly the nature of the additional changes has not been determined in B-cell tumor systems. It is known though that when certain other oncogenes are passively introduced into cells with dysregulated c-myc genes autonomously growing phenotypes do emerge. The oncogenes known to cooperate with a dysregulated myc (e.g. Ha-ras, raf-1 and v-abl) are thought to code for proteins that participate in growth-factor-induced signal transductions.
Carcinogenesis 1990 Jan
PMID:Neoplastic development in B-lymphocytes. 240 54

The relationship between viruses and naturally occurring cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and genital cancers, is of great importance to Africa. On the other hand, lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies, although of less immediate public health importance, constitute an area of outstanding interest for research and their association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the newly discovered human retroviruses merits world-wide attention. EBV-related malignancies in Africa include both Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Whether X-linked polyclonal lymphoproliferations exist in Africa remains an open question. The interrelationship between EBV, holoendemic malaria and genetic factors (oncogenes) has been deciphered in recent years, to make BL a kind of Rosetta stone for the understanding of multistage carcinogenesis. Although the role of EBV in the causation of NPC is not well understood, the viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgA test already allows both early detection of NPC in high-incidence areas and differential diagnosis in low-incidence areas. The question whether an EBV vaccine would be of value in African countries, in relation to EBV-associated malignancies, remains an open one. The diseases associated with the recently discovered human retroviruses (human T-lymphocyte leukaemia viruses: HTLVs) represent a new area for both research and public health assessment. Limited information is available today on the geographical distribution, age prevalence and association with disease in Africa of the different members of the retrovirus family (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, LAV/HTLV-3). The proportion of HTLV-related T-cell malignancies in different parts of Africa as well as the importance of immunodeficiencies caused by the different members of the retrovirus family remain to be determined. Typical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appears to exist in Central Africa, especially Zaire, and HTLVs could be of public health importance if they cause severe forms of viral, bacterial or parasitic diseases through impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Africa, is and will long remain a continent of crucial importance with regard to the role of viruses in human malignancies and especially in haematopoietic proliferative disorders.
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PMID:Virus-associated lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies in Africa. 610 Feb 86


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