Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of Mg, Zn, Cu and albumin, and pseudocholinesterase activity were measured in the sera of 31 AIDS patients, 27 belonging to group IVC1 and 4 to group IVC2. Mean values for all patients were within the normal ranges. Only two patients showed hypozincaemia. A correlation was found between the concentrations of serum zinc and albumin. The serum albumin concentration was correlated with the serum pseudocholinesterase activity.
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PMID:Concentrations of magnesium, zinc and copper in serum of patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome. 280 13

CSF protein and cellular profiles were studied in 28 HIV-infected patients. Twenty of them had neurological complaints, but only 6 patients had objective neurological deficits such as dementia, ocular motility disorders or polyneuropathy. The serum/CSF HIV antibody ratio was on average lowest in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (4 patients) and highest or almost normal in lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) (11) and asymptomatic seropositivity (ASX) (7), while it varied between these extremes in AIDS-related complex (ARC) (6). However, low values of the ratio were also found in the HIV-infected patients free of neurological symptoms and even in one ASX patient. The CSF IgG index was elevated in all these 4 general stages of HIV infection without any significant differences between them. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was slightly increased in patients with neurological deficits, but this ratio showed no association with any other clinical factor analysed. CSF leucocytes were increased in the early stages of the disease, but later the cellular reaction subsided. HIV was isolated from post mortem brain tissue of two AIDS patients and from the CSF of one of them. The results suggest increased intrathecal virus-specific IgG synthesis, not only in patients with neurological deficits and at advanced stages of infection, but also in neurologically symptom-free subjects and at early infection. The lack of correlation between the increased virus-specific IgG synthesis within the CNS and the presence of neurological symptoms suggests that neurologically "silent" areas of brain white matter are often affected in HIV infection.
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PMID:CSF protein and cellular profiles in various stages of HIV infection related to neurological manifestations. 303 7

Parenteral drug abusers are at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We tested stored sera for antibody to HIV (anti-HIV) using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and Western blot. The patients were parenteral drug abusers who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy for chronic liver disease. Current or former alcohol abuse was noted in 88 (80%) of the 110 patients. The sensitivities of the two ELISA tests in comparison with Western blot, the more specific test for HIV, were 100 and 94%, respectively; the specificities were 94 and 99%. Western blot was positive in 36 (33%) of 110 patients. False-positive ELISA reactions for anti-HIV were seen in five (7%) of 70 patients with negative Western blot analyses. Compared to true-negatives, false-positives had significantly more years of alcohol abuse, younger ages of onset of alcohol abuse, greater frequencies of jaundice and edema, higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, total billirubin, total protein, and globulins, and lower levels of serum albumin. In a stepwise logistic regression, only hyperglobulinemia was significantly associated with a false-positive anti-HIV. We conclude that: (a) ELISA tests for anti-HIV are useful for screening abusers of alcohol and parenteral drugs with chronic liver disease for HIV infection, but positive results must be confirmed with more specific tests such as Western blot; (b) false-positive ELISA reactions in this population are associated with hyperglobulinemia; and (c) studies of HIV testing are needed in other populations of patients with alcoholism or liver disease.
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PMID:Specificity of antibody tests for human immunodeficiency virus in alcohol and parenteral drug abusers with chronic liver disease. 306 17

Severe protein-calorie malnutrition is common in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). These nutritional deficits are likely to further impair immune responses and other organ functions vital for recovery from serious infectious diseases. Since selenium deficiency is known to be associated with oral candidiasis and abnormal phagocytic function in animals and depressed helper T-cell numbers in man, we evaluated both selenium status and other nutritional parameters in 12 patients with AIDS compared to 27 healthy controls. Selenium was measured by a spectrofluorometric method. The mean (+/- SD) plasma selenium level in AIDS was 0.043 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml vs 0.095 +/- 0.016 microgram/ml in controls (p less than 0.001). Whole blood selenium and red blood cell selenium levels were also significantly reduced in AIDS (p less than 0.005). The mean weight loss in AIDS patients was 35.5 +/- 21.2 pounds. Serum albumin was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in AIDS patients compared to controls. A good correlation between serum albumin and plasma selenium was noted (r = 0.77; p less than 0.001). We conclude that selenium deficiency is a common component of the malnutrition seen in AIDS patients. Therefore, aggressive nutritional support, including attention to selenium status, should be considered an integral part of the therapy of AIDS patients.
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PMID:Selenium deficiency in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 374 95

NZ rabbits were treated with various combinations of enemas and intrarectal insemination (1 or 3 ml of semen a week) to investigate the effects of intestinal uptake and immunogenicity of seminal components and of an unrelated antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA), given simultaneously. For 5 months the treatment was limited to enemas and/or semen, and total immunoglobulins and antisperm and antilymphocyte antibodies were determined. Then, without interruption of the treatments, the animals received two courses of three consecutive daily intrarectal administrations of BSA, and the humoral response was determined 7 days after each course of administration. Only 1 of 18 intrarectally inseminated animals responded with production of antisperm antibodies; none had antilymphocyte antibodies. Total immunoglobulins, however, were significantly increased in animals receiving enemas alone (p less than 0.02) or followed by insemination (p less than 0.05). The humoral response to BSA was significantly (p less than 0.01) enhanced by prior administration of enemas but was moderately reduced by simultaneous administration of semen, in a dose-related fashion.
AIDS Res 1986
PMID:Immune dysfunction in rabbits associated with chronic administration of enemas and rectal insemination. 381 59

Two micro enzyme immunoassays (microEIA) for circulating immune complexes (CICs) are described. The Raji cell microEIA was similar in sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity to the Raji radioimmunoassay. The F(ab')2 anti-C3 microEIA was comparable to the 2 Raji cell assays. The 2 microEIAs for CICs were used to analyze sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and from hemophiliacs with AIDS-like symptoms. The microEIAs were very sensitive in detecting CICs in pathologic sera. In contrast, only 3% of normals (n = 30) were positive in the Raji microEIA while none were positive in the F(ab')2 anti-C3 microEIA. The initial high positivity of some normals (9/30) in the F(ab')2 microEIA was due to bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA immune complex formation in vitro and was corrected when human albumin was used in buffer preparation instead of BSA. The reagents required for the microEIAs are more stable and less expensive than those required for the RIAs and the need for facilities to deal with 125-labeling and disposal is avoided.
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PMID:Quantitation of circulating immune complexes in human serum by the Raji cell and F(ab')2 anti-C3 micro enzyme immunoassays. 390 80

A child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome became severely malnourished presumably as a result of multiple gastrointestinal infections, with numerous organisms including campylobacter, giardia, and cryptosporidium. These opportunistic infections preceded laboratory evidence of immune deficiency. Despite severe diarrhea and marked weight loss, there was no laboratory evidence of significant malabsorption. By using nasogastric feedings, we were successful in promoting a 60% weight gain, and a rise in serum albumin from 1.2 to 4.3 g/dl. While eventual outcome was not altered, this particular patient's clinical course was improved. We suggest that malnutrition should not be accepted as inevitable and that malabsorption should not be assumed in similar acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Appropriate studies for malabsorption should be done, and high caloric enteral feedings should be used whenever feasible.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of childhood acquired immune deficiency syndrome mimicking Crohn's disease: nutritional considerations and management. 392 Sep

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently have diarrhea and weight loss. We prospectively examined the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts in 22 AIDS patients, although severe medical problems often precluded full evaluation. Ninety-six percent (21 of 22) lost weight, and 55% (12 of 22) had diarrhea. The mean (+/- SD) weight loss was 34 +/- 19 lb. Steatorrhea was found in 4 of 14 patients, and D-xylose tests were abnormal in 8 of 14 patients. Mean serum albumin was 3.3 +/- 0.8 g/dl. A significantly diminished plasma selenium level, which can influence immune function, was noted in these AIDS patients. Gastrointestinal infections were identified in 45% of patients. Although diarrhea and malabsorption were more common in the infected group, weight loss and albumin were similar in those with and without demonstrated infections. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed that of 15 patients, there were two with Kaposi's sarcoma, 10 normals, and three with nonspecific endoscopic changes of colitis. Infection was documented in all patients with colitis. Panendoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was positive for AIDS-related pathology in five of 10 patients, including two with Kaposi's sarcoma, one with Candida esophagitis, one with herpetic esophagitis, and one with gastroduodenitis (biopsy positive for cryptosporidia); five patients had a normal-appearing tract. Small bowel or colonic biopsies frequently showed nonspecific inflammatory changes, although pathogens were identified in six patients (27% of all biopsies). We conclude that a wide variety of gastrointestinal pathology, which includes infectious agents, neoplasms, and inflammatory changes, may occur in AIDS patients. Therefore, AIDS patients, particularly those with diarrhea or weight loss, deserve an intensive evaluation for remediable lesions of their gastrointestinal tracts.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a review of 22 cases. 404 Nov 33

Clinical features of 49 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared with those of 39 episodes in patients with other immunosuppressive diseases. At presentation patients with the syndrome were found to have a longer median duration of symptoms (28 days versus 5 days, p = 0.0001), lower mean respiratory rate (23.4 versus 30, p = 0.005), and higher median room air arterial oxygen tension (69 mm Hg versus 52 mm Hg, p = 0.0002). The survival rate from 1979 to 1983 was similar for the two groups (57% and 50% respectively). Patients with the syndrome had a higher incidence of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (22 of 34 versus 2 of 17, p = 0.0007). Survivors with the syndrome at initial presentation had a significantly lower respiratory rate, and higher room air arterial oxygen tension, lymphocyte count, and serum albumin level compared to nonsurvivors. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presents as a more insidious disease process in patients with the syndrome, and drug therapy in these patients is complicated by frequent adverse reactions.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies. 623 73

To explore the effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on gastrointestinal structure and absorption, the cases of 12 homosexual men with the syndrome and 11 homosexual controls were studied. Seven patients had diarrhea with weight loss. Bacterial or parasitic infections were not detected. All patients were malnourished; had significantly fewer T-lymphocyte helper and suppressor cells; and had significantly lower body weights, midarm circumferences, serum albumin concentrations, and iron binding capacities than homosexual controls. D-Xylose malabsorption and steatorrhea were present in patients, especially those with diarrhea. Jejunal and rectal biopsy samples were histologically abnormal in all patients with diarrhea. Jejunal abnormalities included partial villus atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Rectal abnormalities included intranuclear viral inclusions, mast cell infiltration in the lamina propria, and focal cell degeneration near the crypt base. The histologic findings suggest that a specific pathologic process occurs in the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon in some patients with the syndrome.
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PMID:Enteropathy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 647 31


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