Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a common complication of patients with HIV infection occurring in as many as 20% of patients with AIDS. This article reviews current observations on primary CNS lymphoma and systemic AIDS-related lymphoma with CNS involvement. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, clinical course, and therapeutic options are herein reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Lymphoma of the central nervous system in AIDS. 1071 42

The clinicopathological features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphoma were investigated in a retrospective study of 85 adult patients in eastern Denmark diagnosed during the period 1990-1996. The possible pathogenetic role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in these tumours was also studied. Seventy patients (82%) presented with extranodal disease and 26 (31%) had CNS involvement at diagnosis. Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent histological subtype, comprising 65 of 79 cases available for microscopic re-evaluation (82%) and including 20 of 23 evaluable patients with CNS lymphoma (87%). EBV RNA was demonstrated by in situ hybridization in 51 of 65 evaluable tumours (79%) and in 14 of 16 cases (88%) with CNS-lymphoma. Three cases showed a T-cell phenotype. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was analysed by PCR in 32 cases. A strong band consistent with tumour cell infection was detected in only one case, weaker bands being seen in 4 cases. None of these patients had primary effusion lymphomas. In conclusion, Danish AIDS-related lymphomas are of predominantly high-grade B-cell type with extranodal localization and atypical presentation. Our results provide further evidence that EBV plays a major role in the pathogenesis of large cell AIDS-related lymphoma, whereas HHV-8 does not appear to contribute significantly to the development of solid lymphomas in this group of patients.
 ...
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-associated malignant lymphoma in eastern Denmark diagnosed from 1990-1996: clinical features, histopathology, and association with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-8. 1090 90

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas consistently display a B-cell phenotype and are histogenetically related to germinal center (GC) or post-GC B cells in the overwhelming majority of cases. The pathogenesis of AIDS-related lymphoma is a multistep process involving factors provided by the host, as well as alterations intrinsic to the tumor one. Host factors involved in AIDS-related lymphomagenesis include reduced immunosurveillance particularly against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced alteration of endothelial functions, B-cell stimulation and selection by antigen, HIV-induced deregulation of several cytokine loops, and possibly the host's genetic background. The molecular pathways of viral infection and lesions of cancer related genes associated with AIDS-related lymphoma vary substantially in different clinicopathologic categories of the disease and highlight the marked degree of biological heterogeneity of these lymphomas. Although the reasons for the heterogeneity of AIDS-related lymphoma are not totally clear, it is generally believed that the host's background selects for which specific molecular pathway of AIDS-related lymphoma is activated in a given patient.
 ...
PMID:The molecular basis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomagenesis. 1095 Mar 70

While the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to substantial decreases in the incidence of opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma, a major decrease in lymphoma has not yet occurred. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma present with widespread, extranodal disease, often in the presence of systemic "B" symptoms. Factors associated with decreased survival include age greater than 35 years, history of injection drug use, poor performance status, CD4 cell count less than 100/dL, a history of AIDS prior to the diagnosis of lymphoma, stage III or IV disease, and/or elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Low-dose combination chemotherapy has been associated with complete remission (CR) rates of 41% to 46%, with an overall median survival time of 8.7 months, similar to results achieved with standard-dose therapy, which is associated with greater toxicity. Infusional regimens have been associated with CR rates as high as 94%, and further evaluation is justified. Combination chemotherapy may be given safely with HAART. Treatment of relapsed AIDS-related lymphoma remains problematic.
 ...
PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma: clinical aspects. 1095 Mar 71

Over time, the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of AIDS have changed in the United States, while the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the natural history of the disease. The goal of the study was to ascertain any changes in the epidemiologic, immunologic, pathologic, or clinical characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) over the course of the AIDS epidemic. Records of 369 patients with ARL diagnosed or treated at a single institution from 1982 through 1998 were reviewed. Single institutional data were compared to population-based data from the County of Los Angeles. Significant changes in the demographic profile of patients with newly diagnosed ARL have occurred, with the later time intervals associated with a higher prevalence in women (P =.25), in Latino/Hispanic individuals (P <.0001), and in those who acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexually (P =.01). These changes were similar in both countywide, population-based analyses and in those from the single institution. The median CD4(+) lymphocyte count at lymphoma diagnosis has decreased significantly over the years, from 177/dL in the earliest time period (1982-1986), to 53/dL in the last time period from 1995 to 1998 (P =.0006). The pathologic spectrum of disease has also changed, with a decrease in the prevalence of small noncleaved lymphoma (P =.0005) and an increase in diffuse large cell lymphoma (P <.0001). Despite changes in the use of antiretroviral or chemotherapy regimens, the median survival has not significantly changed.
 ...
PMID:Evolving characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma. 1111 Jun 77

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma often present with multiple poor prognostic features, including significant tumor burden, advanced immunosuppression, and other concurrent morbidities. Strategies to manage such complex multiple-disease cases have often incorporated the assumption that prospects for long-term survival are poor and that intensive therapy cannot be tolerated and so is not justified. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection, life expectancy has improved substantially for patients in whom the virus can be successfully suppressed. Thus, for complicated cases involving AIDS-associated malignancy, a reassessment of treatment strategies and the potential for long-term survival is warranted. Here, we present the case of a patient with poor prognosis due to AIDS-associated lymphoma with leptomeningeal involvement, advanced immunosuppression, and deep venous thrombosis. The management of this case illustrates that a multidisciplinary approach to complex AIDS cases involving malignancy and concurrent morbidity can result in a return to functional health in affected patients. Successful strategies for achieving favorable outcomes currently exist with available therapies.
 ...
PMID:HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: incidence, presentation, and prognosis. 1130 2

Over time, the spectrum of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has changed, especially with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goal of this article is to delineate changes occurring in the incidence and management of lymphoma over the course of the AIDS epidemic. Lymphoma usually occurs rather late in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is the cause of death in up to 20% of HIV-infected individuals. It is seen in all population groups at risk for HIV and is more common in men than in women. It is usually diagnosed in patients with markedly decreased CD4 cell counts, consistent with prolonged periods of HIV infection and subsequent immunosuppression. Recent data from several large series have demonstrated a substantial decline in the median CD4 cell count among patients with newly diagnosed AIDS-related lymphoma despite the recent widespread use of HAART. While still somewhat controversial, use of HAART has generally not produced a significant decline in the incidence of AIDS-related lymphoma. Patients treated with low-dose vs standard-dose chemotherapy for AIDS-related lymphoma have achieved similar response and survival rates, although standard-dose therapy is associated with greater toxicity. Adapting therapy to prognostic factors has not produced a significant improvement in survival. Use of antiretroviral therapy along with chemotherapy appears safe, and may be associated with longer survival. An infusional regimen called EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine [Oncovin], cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl) shows promise in the future management of AIDS-related lymphoma. No regimen is currently considered the standard of therapy for patients with relapsed AIDS-related lymphoma, and survival is short in this setting.
 ...
PMID:Incidence and management of AIDS-related lymphoma. 1139 57

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas consistently display a B-cell phenotype and are histogenetically related to germinal centre or post-germinal centre B cells in the overwhelming majority of cases. The pathogenesis of AIDS-related lymphoma is a multistep process involving factors provided by the host as well as alterations intrinsic to the tumour clone. The molecular pathways of viral infection and lesions of cancer-related genes associated with AIDS-related lymphomas vary substantially in different clinicopathological categories of the disease and highlight the marked degree of biological heterogeneity of these lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:Genetic pathways and histogenetic models of AIDS-related lymphomas. 1142 58

The primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), commonly described in patients with AIDS, is a unique subset of diffuse large cell lymphoma in which the malignant lymphocytes proliferate exclusively in serous cavities. The cytologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of PEL are presented from findings of 2 patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus who presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal radiography in both patients displayed marked peritoneal effusions. Cytomorphologic examination of peritoneal fluid revealed a malignant lymphoma in both. Their immunophenotypic expression was CD30 (Ki-1) and epithelial membrane antigen. Molecular analysis demonstrated human herpesvirus 8 DNA in both patients and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangement within the major breakpoint region of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in Case B only. Clinical correlation supports the current concept that PEL represents a primary HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma in effusion. Cytomorphologic examination of body cavity fluid serves as a tool for the initial diagnosis of PEL.
AIDS Read 2001 Aug
PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma with herpesvirus 8 DNA in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus: a report of 2 cases. 1157 Feb 67

This review addresses various aspects of HIV infection pertinent to hematology, including the consequences of HIV infection on specific aspects of hematopoiesis and an update on the current biologic, epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects of AIDS-related lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. The results of the expanding use of progenitor cell transplantation in HIV infected patients are also reviewed. In Section I, Dr. Scadden reviews the basis for HIV dysregulation of blood cell production, focusing on the role of the stem cell in HIV disease. T cell production and thymic function are discussed, with emphasis placed upon the mechanisms of immune restoration in HIV infected individuals. Results of clinical and correlative laboratory studies are presented. In Section II, Dr. Levine reviews the recent epidemiologic trends in the incidence of lymphoma, since the widespread availability of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The biologic aspects of AIDS-lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are discussed in terms of pathogenesis of disease. Various treatment options for these disorders and the role of concomitant anti-retroviral and chemotherapeutic intervention are addressed. Drs. Zaia and Krishnan will review the area of stem cell transplantation in patients with AIDS related lymphoma, presenting updated information on clinical results of this procedure. Additionally, they report on the use of gene therapy, with peripheral blood CD34+ cells genetically modified using a murine retrovirus, as a means to treat underlying HIV infection. Results of gene transfer experiments and subsequent gene marking in HIV infected patients are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Hematologic Aspects of HIV/AIDS. 1172 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>