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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are an increasing problem in the AIDS population. They are generally aggressive, high-grade lymphomas and more commonly present at extranodal sites, particularly the central nervous system. Although chemo- and radiosensitive, the duration of response is generally short lived. Spontaneous remission of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been reported in immunocompetent individuals, but has not been reported in HIV disease. We would like to report the first such case.
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PMID:The spontaneous regression of lymphoma in AIDS. 158 41

Sera from 634 homosexual men with Western blot-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were subjected to radioimmunoprecipation assay (RIPA) using an HTLV-I-infected human T-cell line (SLB-I). Sera obtained from Japanese adult T-cell leukemia patients, noninfected healthy individuals served as positive and negative controls. HIV-infected groups were comprised of asymptomatic homosexuals (n = 131), AIDS-related complex (n = 115), Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 300), AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (n = 76), and high-grade lymphomas (n = 12). Only two patients were known to be intravenous drug users. No instances of dual retroviral infection were detected. As a corollary, no cross reactivity between HTLV and HIV gene products was noted by RIPA. We conclude that HTLV infection is uncommon among select groups of HIV seropositive homosexuals who do not engage in intravenous drug abuse. Additional studies examining the seroprevalence and consequence of HTLV infection in broader based populations at risk for retroviral infection are required.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1991 Mar
PMID:Human T-cell leukemia virus infection in non-intravenous drug using HIV seropositive men in Los Angeles. 167 93

Many of the advances in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been based on more precise understanding of the various cell types that constitute these disorders. During the past year, we have seen some dramatic changes in the therapeutic approach to low-grade lymphomas. Until recently, the usual approach to these disorders was a purely palliative one, but a number of publications from the past year describe a more intensive approach with the goal of developing a curative modality. The use of combination chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy for the early Ann Arbor stages as well as the use of high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation in patients with high-risk factors has been reported recently. In the area of intermediate-grade lymphomas, most of the recent publications have described prognostic factors associated with various chemotherapy protocols. One of the most interesting recent developments is related to the dose-intensity issue. A consensus appears to be developing in regard to the correlation of dose intensity with clinical outcome. Despite the fact that new third-generation regimens have been associated with cures in 50% to 66% of the patients, a significant fraction of patients require salvage chemotherapy. Some of the new salvage regimens are discussed, as is the use of calcium channel blockers to reverse multiple-drug resistance. Finally, management of the high-grade lymphomas, specifically the small noncleaved cell type, has been associated with a cure rate in the range of 50% in two recently published studies. Patients who are human immunodeficiency virus-positive with small noncleaved cell lymphoma can be cured of their underlying malignancy, but many of them later develop complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, to which they usually succumb.
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PMID:Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 175 77

Although dramatic progress has been made in the treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a majority of patients eventually die from this disease. Improvements in histopathology, staging techniques, immunophenotyping, and knowledge of prognostic factors have improved our ability to choose appropriate treatment. Most low-grade lymphomas can be effectively palliated for many years, but eventually convert to large-cell lymphomas or become resistant to chemotherapy. Intermediate-grade lymphomas, especially diffuse large-cell lymphomas, may be cured in 30% to 60% of the cases with aggressive combination chemotherapy. The high-grade lymphomas require treatment similar to regimens designed to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia, including central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are becoming more common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and may be effectively controlled before the immunodeficiency becomes too severe. All patients with high-grade lymphoma and others at high risk should be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patients who relapse may be salvaged with chemotherapy, and their diseases are potentially curable with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. New treatments using monoclonal antibodies, biological response modifiers, and growth factors, should improve palliation and survival.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults. 184 59

High-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are observed in 5% to 10% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To describe their histologic subtypes, a group of pathologists was formed. One hundred thirteen cases were reviewed and classified according to the Working Formulation, the updated Kiel classification, and a recent description of morphologic variants of high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three major types of intermediate- or high-grade lymphomas were observed: (1) large-cell or centroblastic mainly polymorphic lymphomas with a component of immunoblasts (35 cases); (2) immunoblastic lymphomas with plasmablastic and plasmacytic features in most cases (33 cases); and (3) small non-cleaved cell Burkitt's or non-Burkitt's lymphoma (41 cases), with 15 cases fitting typical criteria of Burkitt's lymphoma and 26 heterogeneous cases in which the size and shape of the cells and the presence of plasmablastic features varied. The most frequent pathologic sites of involvement at presentation were the lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, brain, oral cavity, and muscles. A comparison between the histologic type and the site of involvement showed that most cases involving lymph nodes, bone marrow, or muscles were small noncleaved cell Burkitt's or non-Burkitt's lymphomas, while those that affected the gastrointestinal tract, brain, and oral cavity were centroblastic or immunoblastic lymphomas with consistent plasmacytic differentiation. In 10 cases, previous persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome was present. In 13 cases, the lymphomatous proliferation was associated with follicular or diffuse hyperplasia seen on the same lymph node biopsy specimen or in another lymph node.
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PMID:Histopathologic features of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The French Study Group of Pathology for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tumors. 198 8

Primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are observed in approximately 1.9% of all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The yearly incidence of AIDS-associated tumors has surpassed the yearly incidence from all other causes and could become as frequent as low-grade astrocytomas by 1991. Patients' signs, symptoms, and radiographic studies are not specific for this lesion; brain biopsy usually is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis. Most tumors are high-grade lymphomas and are pathologically similar to the primary central nervous system lymphomas observed before the AIDS epidemic. AIDS-associated tumors respond readily to radiation therapy. However, patient survival remains limited owing to other manifestations of the syndrome.
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PMID:Primary central nervous system lymphomas in patients with AIDS. 289 3

Data from the population-based cancer registry for Los Angeles County, an area with high risk of AIDS, were used to evaluate secular trends of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other possibly AIDS-related cancers in men aged 18 to 54. Marital status was used as a surrogate for homosexual behavior to compare the proportional incidence rates for the pre-AIDS era, 1972 to 1979, to those for 1980 to 1982 and 1983 to 1985. Both absolute incidence and proportional incidence of KS continue to increase sharply, although in absolute numbers, KS is making a smaller contribution to the total number of AIDS cases as the Los Angeles County epidemic progresses. For never-married men the proportional incidence rate of KS in 1983 to 1985 was nearly 100-fold greater than that of 1972 to 1979 and 7-fold greater than that of 1980 to 1982. High-grade lymphomas show statistically significant secular increases in both never-married and ever-married men, but only the rates of Burkitt's lymphomas have increased to a greater extent in never-married men. A small but significant increase of central nervous system lymphomas is seen in both marital status groups. There is no evidence of any AIDS-related increases in Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, testicular cancer, anal cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, multiple myeloma, or malignant melanoma. As of 1985, cancer, as a manifestation of AIDS, is still apparently limited to KS and high-grade lymphomas (particularly Burkitt's) in Los Angeles County.
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PMID:AIDS-related secular trends in cancer in Los Angeles County men: a comparison by marital status. 291 Apr 64

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is one of the clinical presentations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ten patients had biopsy-proven high-grade lymphomas that were confirmed by further staging as limited to the CNS. All ten patients received cranial irradiation (total dose, 2200 to 5000 cGy). Six patients demonstrated complete response (CR) of the intracranial masses at the time of repeat computed tomography (CT) scan, whereas one attained a partial response (PR). Two of the CR patients died of multiple opportunistic infections, two experienced relapse of lymphoma, and died at 7 and 16 months from diagnosis, and two were alive without evidence of disease at 8 and 14 months from diagnosis. The median survival of the whole group was 5.5 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Patients with AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma may respond to radiation treatment; however, response duration is usually short, and survival is influenced by refractory disease or systemic opportunistic infections.
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PMID:Primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS. Results of radiation therapy. 291 14

We report malignant lymphoma in 27 homosexual men, of whom 22 had high-grade lymphomas (B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma or small non-cleaved lymphoma) and five had low-grade disease. Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was present in 13 (87%) of 15 with high-grade lymphoma and in two (40%) of five with low-grade disease. In contrast, only one (9%) of 11 "control" heterosexual patients with high-grade lymphoma had antibody to HTLV-III, while such antibody was found in none of 40 asymptomatic heterosexual controls and in 17 (55%) of 31 asymptomatic homosexual men. Of the homosexual lymphoma patients, 85% presented with disease in extranodal sites, including the central nervous system and rectum, and 81% had reversed T-helper/suppressor ratios. Median survival, despite treatment, is eight months. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas in homosexual men are extranodal, high-grade, B-lymphoid tumors, associated with exposure to HTLV-III and unusual clinical characteristics.
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PMID:Retrovirus and malignant lymphoma in homosexual men. 299 92

Patients with HIV infection, like immunosuppressed transplant recipients, are at high risk for the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These are high-grade lymphomas of B cell origin. Most patients present with advanced extralymphatic disease, and primary lymphoma of the central nervous system has frequently been reported. The cause of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the setting of HIV infection remains unclear. In contrast to those lymphomas observed in transplant recipients, Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences have been identified in a minority of AIDS-associated lymphomas. Response to therapy in these patients has been disappointing. Response rates to chemotherapy have been lower than those observed in other lymphoma patients, and treatment has been complicated by lack of adequate bone marrow reserve and the occurrence of frequent opportunistic infections. Survivals have been short. Good performance status and absence of a prior AIDS diagnosis are important predictors of response and survival. Although Hodgkin's disease has been observed in HIV-infected patients, epidemiologic data are not suggestive of a direct causal relationship. Hodgkin's disease in this setting is characterized by poor prognosis histologic pattern, advanced disease, and median survivals of less than 1 year.
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PMID:AIDS-associated lymphomas. 306 May 34


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