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Query: UMLS:C0001175 (AIDS)
 120,706 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of spleen abscess complicating Salmonella bacteremia in a HIV-infected patient is reported for the first time. Chronic pancreatitis and the infection of a pre-existing pseudocyst of the pancreas tail might have been the predisposing factor. Infection developed before other AIDS criteria were evident in the patient. Splenectomy plus antibiotic therapy was required to eradicate the process. Salmonella enteritidis was cultured from two suppurated lesions of the excised organ.
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PMID:Multifocal Salmonella splenic abscess in a HIV-infected patient. 149 27

1. Ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS involve both anterior and posterior segments and can result in total loss of vision. Understanding of these ocular manifestations has become more important as this disease continues to proliferate. 2. Although the risk of infection by HIV in the ophthalmic setting is remote, ophthalmic health-care workers may come in contact with potentially infectious fluids in the course of normal ocular examination procedures. Infection control procedures are therefore recommended. 3. If health-care workers experience a possible exposure, they should consult a physician specializing in infectious diseases or internal medicine within 1 hour. Individuals should be evaluated for hepatitis B and tetanus, and considered for zidovudine chemoprophylaxis, in addition to being tested for HIV exposure.
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PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 150 Dec 59

Glutathione (GSH), its derivatives and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibit the induction of HIV-1 expression in a chronically HIV-1-infected promonocytic cell line (U1/HIV) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We have examined the effects of GSH and NAC on HIV-1 replication in human primary monocyte/macrophages cultured in vitro. Ficoll-gradient purified human monocytes were cultivated in vitro for 7-10 days and then infected with HIV-1 (Bal and Ada-M). Infection was blocked or substantially reduced by GSH or NAC (5-20 mM). Significant reduction (greater than or equal to 90%) in the amount of virus released, as determined by measuring supernatant reverse transcriptase activity and secreted p24 protein, was obtained when the cells were treated for 4 h with greater than or equal to 10 mM of GSH or NAC. The inhibitory effects of GSH and NAC were concentration dependent. This anti-HIV-1 effect persisted in these cultures for at least 35 days without evidence of significant increase in HIV-1 expression. Thus, a single pulse exposure of HIV-1-infected monocyte/macrophages with GSH or NAC led to a sustained, concentration-dependent decrease in HIV-1 p24 antigen levels, as well as, reverse transcriptase activity without producing detectable cellular toxicity in monocyte/macrophages.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992 Jul
PMID:Glutathione and N-acetylcysteine suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocyte/macrophages in vitro. 152 May 37

Pneumococcal infection is frequent in children with sickle-cell disease (SCD) but is less common in adults. Infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a risk factor for pneumococcal infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of HIV infection in adults with SCD. During a 6-year period, 283 adults suffering from SCD were screened for HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 infections. The clinical course of HIV infections in these patients was retrospectively analyzed at the term of the study. HIV type 1 infection was detected in eight patients. The mean follow-up period after diagnosis of HIV infection was 4.6 years. None of the patients had AIDS. Five episodes of severe pneumococcal infection were observed in four of these eight patients (septic shock in two patients and three episodes of meningitis in two patients); two patients died of meningitis. Only one severe pneumococcal infection (meningitis) was observed in the 275 non-HIV-infected patients with SCD (P = .000001). Our results show that pneumococcal infection appears to occur frequently and is often serious in HIV-infected adults with SCD.
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PMID:Severe pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with sickle cell disease. 152 Jul 68

Isolated renal infection by Mucor spp. occurs very rarely, even in the immunocompromised host. The mortality of the different forms of mucormycosis reaches 75-100% in most series. Infection of the kidney is usually diagnosed post-mortem. Thus, when renal infection is recognized, aggressive treatment including surgery and amphotericin B is required. We present a case in which a massive left renal infarction was the unique manifestation of mucormycosis in an AIDS patient. Administration of amphotericin B and left nephrectomy were necessary to achieve satisfactory outcome.
Infection
PMID:Massive renal infarction due to mucormycosis in an AIDS patient. 152 91

Infections and malignancies account for most deaths in patients with AIDS and will continue to do so as long as HIV-induced immunosuppression is progressive and irreversible. Co-trimoxazole has emerged as the preferred agent for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. As appropriate broad-spectrum agents are developed, multiple opportunistic pathogen prophylaxis could become effective.
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PMID:Current status of HIV therapy: II. Opportunistic diseases. 152 56

Dendritic cells (DC) have a potent antigen-presenting capacity for recruiting resting T cells into immune responses. They also promote expansion of already activated memory T cells. By contrast, macrophages (M phi) are only effective in stimulating memory responses. Infection and depletion of DC occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and recruitment of T cells into primary responses is blocked. Here comparisons between DC and M phi in stimulating secondary T-cell responses in HIV infection were made. Adherent M phi, and DC isolated by a new method, were separated from peripheral blood of patients in different stages of HIV infection and from uninfected controls and added to allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed leucocyte reactions (MLR). Some were pulsed with influenza virus or tetanus toxoid and used to stimulate autologous T cells. Responses were measured from uptake of [3H]thymidine in 20 microliters hanging drop cultures. DC, but not M phi, from normal individuals stimulated MLR but both populations stimulated secondary responses to recall antigens. DC from all HIV seropositive individuals caused little or no stimulation of any lymphocyte responses. However, M phi from HIV seropositive asymptomatic individuals and those with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy stimulated responses to recall antigens. There was no stimulation using cells from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Blocked DC but not M phi function may underlie progressive immunological non-responsiveness in HIV infection. Without recruitment of resting T cells, loss of memory T cells may be cumulative; failure of secondary activation (e.g. by M phi) would lead to lost T-cell activity. Identification and circumvention of the defect in DC could offer new therapeutic approaches.
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PMID:Antigen-presentation by macrophages but not by dendritic cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 153 9

The Ad Hoc Committee on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Hepatitis of The Surgical Infection Society has outlined its policy regarding three deadly blood-borne viral infections. The risk of transmission of these microbes, the role of preoperative testing, the problem of the human immunodeficiency virus-infected surgeon, and conduct in the operating room are discussed.
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PMID:The Surgical Infection Society's policy on human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C infection. The Ad Hoc Committee on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Hepatitis. 154 Jan 1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the agent of AIDS, frequently infects the central nervous system. We inoculated adult human brain cultures with chimeric viruses containing parts of the env gene of a cloned primary isolate from brain tissue, HIV-1 JRFl, inserted into the cloned DNA of a T-cell-tropic strain. A chimeric virus containing the carboxy-terminal portion of HIV-1 JRFl env did not replicate in these brain tissue cultures, while a chimera expressing an env-encoded protein containing 158 amino acids of HIV-1 JRFl gp120, including the V3 loop, replicated well in brain microglial cells, as it does in blood macrophages. Infection of brain microglial cells with such a chimera was blocked by an antibody to the V3 loop of gp 120. Thus, env determinants in the region of gp120, outside the CD4-binding site and comprising the V3 loop, are critical for efficient viral binding to and/or entry into human brain microglia.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tropism for brain microglial cells is determined by a region of the env glycoprotein that also controls macrophage tropism. 154 85

Infection by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) is associated with an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of B cell origin and of intermediate grade (diffuse large cell lymphomas according to the Working Formulation) or high grade (Kiel classification and Working Formulation). They may be either primary central nervous system lymphomas or systemic lymphomas and are considered as AIDS-defining events. Systemic lymphomas are usually disseminated with a high frequency of extranodal sites. Their overall prognosis is much worse than for NHL in the general population. Pathogenesis is still a matter of debate. An increased incidence of Hodgkin's diseases (HD) in HIV infection is being suspected but has not been proved yet. However, HIV-associated HD differ from usual HD by clinical presentation, histological type repartition, and evolution. Finally, low grade lymphomas have been described in HIV infection, the only peculiarity being the unusual age of occurrence.
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PMID:[Human immunodeficiency virus infection and malignant lymphoma]. 156 99


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