Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Solid and cystic tumor (SCT) of the pancreas predominantly occurs in women, and the occurrence in men is extremely rare. We experienced a male case of SCT. A 38-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of upper abdominal pain. CT scan showed the presence of a mass in the head of the pancreas. The mass was composed of high density areas and low density areas. Ultrasonograms revealed the mass being composed of high echoic areas and low echoic areas. The mass was hypovascular on angiography. SCT was suspected and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The cut surface of the tumor showed mainly cystic degenerative areas containing dark red hemorrhagic materials. Microscopically, there were solid areas in the periphery and pseudopapillary areas in the center. No metastasis was found in the removed lymph nodes. The tumor cells were not stained by Grimelius' silver stain. The tumor cells were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Pancreatic hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were all negative. Electron micrograph showed that tumor cells were rich in mitochondria. Zymogen granules and neurosecretory granules were not detected. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were both negative.
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PMID:Solid and cystic tumor (SCT) of the pancreas in an adult man. 929 87

The actions of trimebutine [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 2-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylbutylester] on the gastrointestinal tract are mediated via (i) an agonist effect on peripheral mu, kappa and delta opiate receptors and (ii) release of gastrointestinal peptides such as motilin and modulation of the release of other peptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin and glucagon. Trimebutine accelerates gastric emptying, induces premature phase III of the migrating motor complex in the intestine and modulates the contractile activity of the colon. Recently, trimebutine has also been shown to decrease reflexes induced by distension of the gut lumen in animals and it may therefore modulate visceral sensitivity. Clinically, trimebutine has proved to be effective in the treatment of both acute and chronic abdominal pain in patients with functional bowel disorders, especially irritable bowel syndrome, at doses ranging from 300 to 600 mg/day. It is also effective in children presenting with abdominal pain.
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PMID:Trimebutine: mechanism of action, effects on gastrointestinal function and clinical results. 936 86

The ciliated hepatic foregut cyst is an unusual solitary cystic lesion of the liver. In a series of 7 cases of hepatic ciliated cysts, we performed a histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study to better define the histogenesis of this rare entity. The patients were 4 women and 3 men, aged 39 to 75 years. Four patients presented with abdominal pain. In 3 cases the cyst was discovered incidentally on ultrasonography. The cysts measured from 1 to 4 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the lining of the columnar epithelium was composed of ciliated cells and mucin secreting goblet cells. The wall was composed of bands of smooth-muscle fibers surrounded by an outer fibrous capsule. The goblet cells stained with PAS, alcian blue, and high-iron diamine. The immunohistochemical study showed that endocrine cells were present within the cyst epithelium, positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, bombesin, and calcitonin, and negative for serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide. In all the cases, immunoreactivity of some cells for CC10 strongly suggested the presence of Clara cells. Our study shows that the epithelium lining ciliated hepatic foregut cysts has histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features similar to those observed in the bronchiolar epithelium. This lesion is a developmental ventral foregut abnormality that could arise from a bronchiolar bud of the tracheobronchial diverticulum.
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PMID:The ciliated hepatic foregut cyst, an unusual bronchiolar foregut malformation: a histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases. 1068 41

The histopathology of Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD) has been extensively studied, but there are no reports on alteration in patterns of hormone secreting cells using immunohistochemistry in islets of FCPD patients. In this study, we report on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of islets of FCPD patients and its possible correlation with the clinical picture. Pancreatic biopsies were carried out in six patients with FCPD at the time of surgery for abdominal pain. Routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies were carried out with six primary antibodies namely insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin. Histopathology of the pancreas showed a spectrum of changes ranging from moderate to severe atrophy, fibrosis of the parenchyma and degeneration of the ducts. Nesidioblastosis was present in three patients. Immunohistochemical studies showed a decrease in the number of islets but some patients showed evidence of hyperplasia. There was an overall decrease in the percent of insulin cells and the positivity in the islets correlated with plasma C-peptide levels and the duration of diabetes. There was no consistent relationship with glucagon with some patients showing increased and other decreased positivity. There was a marked decrease in PP and somatostatin positivity, the significance of which is not clear. The reduction, but partial preservation of insulin positivity is consistent with the ketosis resistance shown by patients with Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes.
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PMID:Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of pancreatic islets in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. 1113 79

At the age of 53, a 65-year-old man had been diagnosed with extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma in the retroperitoneum and underwent total tumorectomy. Afterward, he had his serum catecholamine periodically measured in an outpatient clinic. In February 1999, 12 years after surgery, he complained of lower left abdominal pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osteolytic lesion in thoracic vertebrae 11Th (Th 11). Although his basal serum and urine catecholamines were at normal levels, glucagon injection increased blood pressure and plasma catecholamine levels. 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy was specifically taken up to Th 11. By bone biopsy, the osteolytic lesion in Th 11 was finally diagnosed with metastasis of pheochromocytoma. For post-operative pheochromocytoma, long-term follow-up involving biochemical tests, including serum catecholamines, and MIBG is needed.
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PMID:A case of metastatic extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma 12 years after surgery. 1192 20

Somatostatinoma is a rare neoplasm usually arising from the pancreas and duodenum which typically presents with indolent, nonspecific symptoms in the absence of systemic neuroendocrine manifestations that characterize somatostatinoma syndrome. It accounts for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal endocrine tumors with an annual incidence of 1 per 40 million. It is often associated with regional and/or portal metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and complete tumor resection is possible only in 60% to 70% of cases. We experienced a case of pancreatic somatostatinoma recently. A 51-year-old woman presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and loose stool for one month. A hypermetabolic lesion in the pancreatic head was detected on positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) scan. The tumor was resected by pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor tissue exhibited diffuse positivity for somatostatin, but was negative for insulin and glucagon. Herein, we report a case of pancreatic somatostatinoma diagnosed postoperatively.
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PMID:[A case of pancreatic somatostatinoma]. 1713 24

Dyspeptic syndrome is a common complication of treatment with antidiabetic drugs. This may be a trivial as well as a very serious complication. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and taste disturbances are the most common symptoms of dyspeptic problems in patients treated with metformin. They rarely are a reason for treatment discontinuation. Dyspeptic syndrome is a common complication in patients treated with acarbose, this may be prevented by reduced intake of sucrose. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare complication in acarbose-treated patients. Antiobesity agent orlistat is frequently associated with dyspeptic symptoms, particularly if fat intake is not reduced. Treatment with drugs affecting the incretin system (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) is very rarely complicated by acute pancreatitis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may cause dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) at the beginning of treatment. These complaints usually cease and the treatment usually does not need to be discontinued.
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PMID:[Dyspeptic syndrome associated with antidiabetic therapy]. 2161 66

Chronic alcoholism is a frequently unrecognised cause of ketoacidosis. Most patients with alcoholic ketoacidosis present with normal or low glucose, but this condition can present with hyperglycaemia. This can lead to misdiagnosis of diabetes ketoacidosis and, therefore, inappropriate treatment with insulin. We describe a 37-year-old Caucasian woman with chronic pancreatitis secondary to excess alcohol consumption, admitted with abdominal pain and vomiting, fulfilling the criteria for diabetes ketoacidosis. She was treated according to diabetes ketoacidosis protocol and experienced a hypoglycaemic attack within an hour of initiation of insulin. On review of her history, she was found to have three similar episodes over the past 12 months. Alcoholic ketoacidosis can present with hyperglycaemia due to relative deficiency of insulin and relative surplus in counter-regulatory stress hormones including glucagon. Awareness of the syndrome with a detailed history helps to differentiate alcohol ketoacidosis from diabetes ketoacidosis and prevent iatrogenic hypoglycaemia.
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PMID:Ketoacidosis is not always due to diabetes. 2456 61

A primary goal of intestinal rehabilitation programs is to facilitate intestinal adaptation. Adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid (PN/IV) support have 2 hormonal pharmacologic treatment options available that may promote intestinal growth: a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog (teduglutide) and recombinant human growth hormone (somatropin). In two phase III clinical trials (N=169), 24 weeks of teduglutide administered to outpatients with SBS resulted in significant decreases in PN/IV volume requirements of 2.5-4.4 L/wk. In an extension study of one of these trials, patients with SBS who completed 30 months of teduglutide experienced a mean PN/IV reduction of 7.6 L/wk from baseline. Furthermore, some patients achieved independence from PN/IV support. The most common adverse events associated with teduglutide treatment in clinical trials were gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and nausea. This safety profile is consistent with the associated underlying diseases leading to SBS or the known mechanism of action of teduglutide. A single phase III study (N=41) evaluated the safety and efficacy of a 4-week inpatient course of somatropin in combination with a glutamine-supplemented diet for adults with SBS. Somatropin treatment significantly reduced parenteral support requirements by 1.1 L/d in these patients. The most common adverse events were peripheral edema and musculoskeletal events. Large-scale, long-term follow-up studies of somatropin for SBS have not been conducted. Although treatment for patients with SBS must be individualized, teduglutide and somatropin are positive extensions to existing fluid and nutrient management strategies.
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PMID:Pharmacologic options for intestinal rehabilitation in patients with short bowel syndrome. 2461 89

An obese lady of 51 year with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 13 years was prescribed Liraglutide, a glucagon like peptide (GLP-1) analogue (Victoza) for glycaemic control and reduction of weight. She was on gliclazide and Insulin prior to initiation of Liraglutide. Eight weeks after initiation of GLP -1 analogue, she developed severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She was admitted to a private hospital and evaluated. Biochemical tests and CT scan revealed presence of pancreatitis and she was treated for acute pancreatitis. Liraglutide was withdrawn and symptoms subsided. Subsequent follow-up showed that pancreatic enzyme levels were normal.
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PMID:Liraglutide-induced acute pancreatitis. 2532 99


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