Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The breakdown of the carbohydrates by the colonic bacterial flora can cause intestinal symptoms, such as meteorism, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. The ability of human bacterial flora to break down the DEAE-dextran, a new lipid lowering resin, similar to cholestyramine, was investigated in man. Colonic bacterial flora did not appear to break down DEAE-dextran, as assessed by hydrogen respiratory excretion measured in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the blood levels of vitamin A, E and D (as 25-OH and 1,25-OH derivatives) were measured in patients treated with the DEAE-dextran in order to study the interference of DEAE-dextran on the absorption of liposoluble vitamins. With the exception of slightly depressed vitamin A levels in 3 patients out of 16, the blood values of the vitamins A, E and D were within the normal ranges, indicating that DEAE-dextran does not interfere with liposoluble vitamin absorption by the gut.
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PMID:Evidence of a lack of enteric side-effects induced by DEAE-dextran in man. 244 33

We compared the clinical and biochemical profiles of 11 patients with idiopathic flushing (IF) with those of eight patients with carcinoid syndrome (CS). Patients with IF were more often women, had a longer duration of symptoms, and were younger. Palpitations, syncope, and hypotension occurred only in patients with IF, while wheezing and abdominal pain occurred only with CS; diarrhea occurred in both types of patients. Elevated blood serotonin levels were present primarily in CS. Increased levels of urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was specific for CS but unsufficiently sensitive to detect all cases. Abnormalities of gut and vasoactive peptides failed to distinguish the two conditions. Flushing in carcinoid patients responds uniformly to octreotide (Sandostatin), but only one third of the patients with IF are relieved of the symptom. Patients with IF have features that distinguish them from individuals with flushing from other causes, such as CS, postmenopausal state, chlorpropamide-alcohol flush, panic attacks, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and autonomic epilepsy. Familiarity with the clinical and biochemical features of IF should facilitate evaluation and identification of these patients.
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PMID:Distinguishing features of idiopathic flushing and carcinoid syndrome. 246 88

Sixteen children with recurrent abdominal pain (or: "recurrent syndrome"), regarded as migraine equivalent in childhood, were submitted to the 51-Cr EDTA gut permeability test. The results were compared with those obtained in 10 healthy young adults and in 11 control children. The gut permeability in the recurrent syndrome was significantly higher than in healthy adults and control children (p less than 0.0006): The following results were obtained: 4.83 +/- 0.40 (mean +/- SEM) in the children with recurrent abdominal pain, and 2.35 +/- 0.24 2.51 +/- 0.21 in the healthy young adults and control children, respectively. The implications of these findings as far as migraine is concerned, are discussed.
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PMID:The role of the gut in migraine: the oral 51-Cr EDTA test in recurrent abdominal pain. 250 65

We report our experience in the surgical treatment of visceral arterial occlusive disease in 9 patients. The etiology was atherosclerosis in 7 cases and arteritis in 2. Four patients were admitted because of acute mesenteric ischemia, but only two had a previous history of intestinal angina. Four consulted because of chronic mesenteric angina and only 1 asymptomatic patient received prophylactic revascularization. The clinical picture of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, bowel habit disturbance, abdominal bruit or signs of occlusive disease elsewhere, should lead to clinical diagnosis. Angiographic evaluation is mandatory to plan the best surgical approach. In this series we revascularized 14 vessels in 9 patients using different technics. Two patients died (42 and 90 days) following revascularization and partial resection of the gut for extensive infarction. All survivors achieved symptom relief and or recovered or stabilized their weight.
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PMID:[Mesenteric vascular insufficiency caused by chronic occlusive disease: experience with the surgical management of 9 cases]. 251 15

We have investigated the effect of oral cisapride (10 mg t.i.d.) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 26 patients with upper gut dysmotility: 11 with gastroparesis (8 diabetic, 3 idiopathic) and 15 with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Patients were evaluated at entry and at the end of the 6-wk study by upper gastrointestinal manometry, scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying of solids and liquids, measurement of body weight, and scoring of the following symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and distention. Cisapride and placebo groups were strictly comparable for all parameters assessed. Cisapride resulted in a significant increase in the gastric emptying of solids (p less than 0.05) compared with placebo; cisapride also tended to increase the postcibal antral motility and normalize the abnormal manometric features in the patients with intestinal dysmotility, particularly the characteristics of fasting interdigestive motor complexes and the fed motor pattern. Both cisapride and placebo groups showed an improvement in total symptom scores and there was no significant difference in overall symptom response between the two groups. However, the change in abdominal pain was greater with cisapride (p = 0.07). Cisapride facilitates gastric emptying in patients with upper gut dysmotility. The overall symptomatic benefit during a 6-wk trial of cisapride, 10 mg t.i.d., was not greater than that of placebo, and dose-response as well as longer term trials are necessary to determine the clinical efficacy of this medication.
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PMID:Effect of six weeks of treatment with cisapride in gastroparesis and intestinal pseudoobstruction. 264 50

Acidosis in gastric mucosa (pHi less than 7.32) was evaluated as a diagnostic test for gastric ischemia, using 80 asymptomatic subjects as controls. Mucosal acidosis was found in 6 patients with abdominal pain and 1 with gastrointestinal bleeding. Three had occlusive disease of 2 or more visceral arteries, 3 had occlusive disease of the celiac axis alone, and 1 had an occluded portal vein. One patient had infarcted gut. The abnormal pHi (7.10 +/- 0.11, mean +/- SD) in those with pain was returned to normal levels (7.43 +/- 0.08, p = 0.0003) and the symptoms relieved by revascularization. The abnormal pHi (6.84 +/- .04) in the patient who bled was restored to normal levels (7.48 +/- .03, t = 9.69, p less than .0001) and the bleeding stopped by a central splenorenal shunt. Measurements of pHi in gastrointestinal mucosa may be used as an objective test for evaluating patients suspected of having chronic gastrointestinal ischemia.
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PMID:Chronic gastric ischemia. A cause of abdominal pain or bleeding identified from the presence of gastric mucosal acidosis. 280 10

Many of the features of the dumping syndrome may be manifestations of hypovolemia and mechanical distension of the gut, resulting from abnormal fluid secretion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The object of the present study was to assess the effect of somatostatin, an inhibitor of upper gastrointestinal secretions, on the response to a dumping provocation test, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled method. Four patients were studied; two had undergone total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma and two had undergone gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Each subject received, on two separate occasions, a challenge of 200 ml of 50% glucose administered orally after an overnight fast. Somatostatin in 150 mm of NaCl (250 micrograms bolus followed by 300 micrograms/hr infusion) was given intravenously during one dumping provocation test and placebo (150 mm of NaCl) during the other according to a Latin square design. When the subjects received the placebo there were significant increases in pulse rate and packed cell volume after oral glucose (p less than 0.05, paired t test), which did not occur when they received somatostatin. The glucose challenge also produced a more rapid increase in serum osmolality and blood glucose during administration of placebo than when somatostatin was given. Marked diarrhea developed in all placebo-treated subjects but in none when they received somatostatin; however, three of the subjects developed marked abdominal pain during dumping provocation tests when treated with somatostatin, which did not occur when placebo was given. Although somatostatin appears to suppress some of the objective responses to a dumping provocation test, it may not prove particularly useful in the treatment of dumping symptoms.
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PMID:The effect of somatostatin on dumping after gastric surgery: a preliminary report. 286 91

Carcinoid tumors are the most frequent gut neuroendocrine tumors accounting for more than 50% of all tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) axis. These tumors appear to derive from a stem cell line capable of differentiating into a variety of malignant cells that secrete many different peptides and amines. The symptoms of carcinoid tumors are often non-specific, vague abdominal pain that may precede the diagnosis by a median of 9 years. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10% of patients. We evaluated the effects of SMS 201-995 in 14 such patients, 12 with diarrhea, 8 with flushing, 3 with wheezing, one with tricuspid valve incompetence, 6 with facial telangiectasia, 3 with a pellagra type dermatosis and one with myopathy. Diarrhea was abolished or significantly reduced in 83%, flushing in 100%, wheezing in 100%, and myopathy improved in the one patient. Blood serotonin was resistant to change, urine 5HIAA fell in 75%, and most gut neuropeptide hormones apart from somatostatin were suppressed. Tumor growth appeared to be slowed in 2/3 of cases treated for up to 4 years. The analog of somatostatin appears to be a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for carcinoid tumors and the symptom complex.
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PMID:Use of somatostatin analog in management of carcinoid syndrome. 292 Jun 54

The irritable bowel syndrome is a common motility disorder of the gut characterized by constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Symptoms are markedly influenced by psychological factors. The diagnosis is based on typical symptoms and exclusion of organic diseases. Psychological support by the physician is an important part of the patients' treatment. High fiber diets and bulking agents may be prescribed in addition. Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal drugs should be given only the shortest time possible, while psychotropic drugs are seldom necessary.
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PMID:[Rational diagnosis and therapy of irritable colon]. 303 67

3 cases of copper IUDs recovered during laparotomy from the sigmoid colon are presented. One woman was a 24-year old mother of 5 who had had 2 cesarean sections since the disappearance of her Cu-7 IUD in 1980. She had right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 1 year with gall bladder stones. The IUD was found lying 80% in the gut lumen. After colotomy she recovered. The 2nd woman was 31 years old, pregnant for the 4th time after failure of her IUD. She was experiencing a constant left iliac fossa ache. The IUD was shown to be extrauterine by ultrasound, could not be seen at laparoscopy, and was removed by colotomy. The 3rd woman was a 37-year old mother of 5, 19 weeks' pregnant, having a septic miscarriage on admission. She had labor induced, but the IUD was not expelled. Her pain worsened, and fever and tachycardia persisted. Emergency laparotomy revealed a perforated posterior uterine wall with the Cu-7 eroding the serosa of the sigmoid colon. It was removed but the defect was not repaired. She required a subtotal hysterectomy, and a second laparotomy with a temporary colostomy, and her recovery was complicated by pulmonary embolism and cardiac failure. These cases draw attention to the importance of proper management of patients with no visible IUD thread. Ultrasound, and if necessary x-rays and laparoscopy should precede laparotomy. Expulsion of an IUD is rarely unnoticed, nor should pregnancy with an IUD be assumed to be due to an expelled device.
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PMID:Recovery of the intrauterine contraceptive device from the sigmoid colon. Three case reports. 304 19


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