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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight sailors on board the Asiafreighter were exposed to arsine that had escaped from a cylinder in the cargo hold. Four suffered severe toxicity and within a few hours had developed fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and haemoglobinuria. These patients had pronounced intravascular haemolysis, which in one patient was complete. This patient was also stuporose and anoxic, a condition attributed to failure of oxygen transport and sludging of red cell debris in the cerebral and pulmonary circulations, but he regained a normal level of consciousness after exchange transfusion. Evidence of marrow depression was present: the reticulocyte response to the haemolysis was poor and there was a thrombocytopenia. All four patients developed renal failure, one being totally anuric for five weeks. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy, and one was still severely disabled six months after the incident. The other four patients had a similar, though less severe, illness.
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PMID:Arsine toxicity aboard the Asiafreighter. 16 42

Campylobacter jejuni/coli has recently become recognized as a common bacterial cause of diarrhea. Infection can occur at any age. The usual incubation period of campylobacter enteritis is 2 to 5 days. Fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain are the most common clinical features. The stools frequently contain mucus and, a few days after the onset of symptoms, frank blood. Significant vomiting and dehydration are uncommon. A rapid presumptive laboratory diagnosis may be made during the acute phase of the illness by direct phase-contrast microscopy of stools. Isolation of the organism from stools requires culture in a selective medium containing antibiotics and incubation under reduced oxygen tension at 42 degrees C. The organism persists in the stools of untreated patients for up to 7 weeks following the onset of symptoms. Erythromycin may produce a rapid clinical and bacteriologic cure, and should be used to treat moderately to severely ill patients as well as patients with compromised host defences. The emergence of erythromycin-resistant strains requires close monitoring. The epidemiologic aspects of campylobacter enteritis will be fully understood only when methods become available for differentiating strains of C. jejuni/coli. The historical background and current knowledge of campylobacter enteritis are reviewed in this paper.
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PMID:Campylobacter enteritis. 45 9

Analgesia with a mixture containing 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen (Nitronox) was evaluated in 47 patients with abdominal pain, chest pain, musculoskeletal trauma, and burns. Of these, 93.6% experienced either partial or complete relief of pain. There were no complications attributed to its application; the short duration of action makes its use suitable during emergency transportation.
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PMID:Self-administered analgesia with nitrous oxide. Adjunctive aid for emergency medical care systems. 49 Aug 53

The diagnostic value of determining the splanchnic blood flow (SBF) and oxygen uptake before and after a test meal in patients suspected of abdominal angina was investigated in 15 patients with unexplained abdominal pain. Six patients with typical abdominal angina and occlusive lesions of two or three splanchnic arteries were investigated before and after successful arterial reconstruction. Five patients with less severe arterial lesions were classified as suspected of abdominal angina and four patients with eventual normal arteriography served as controls. No significant difference was found in fasting SBF between the three groups. Postprandial SBF rose in the controls and in the abdominal angina suspected group, but not in the patients with abdominal angina. After arterial reconstruction fasting SBF was higher than before and postprandial SBF rose to the level of the controls. No difference in oxygen uptake before or after test meal was seen in any of the groups or after arterial reconstruction.
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PMID:Splanchnic blood flow in patients with abdominal angina before and after arterial reconstruction. A proposal for a diagnostic test. 88 68

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the commonest single cause of fatal poisoning in the U.K. (Broome & Pearson, 1988). The clinical features are numerous and include headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, paraesthesia, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea as well as coma, convulsions and death. Without adequate treatment many patients develop neuropsychiatric sequelae including headaches, irritability, memory loss, confusion and personality changes. The diagnosis of CO poisoning is often suggested only by circumstances surrounding the victim, and remains a challenge to the A&E department. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is internationally accepted as the most powerful form of treatment in severe cases (Drug & Therapeutics Bulletin, 1988; Lowe-Ponsford & Henry, 1989). However, in the U.K. treatment with HBO is often not considered due to lack of hyperbaric facilities (Meredith & Vale, 1988; Anand et al., 1988), and due to inadequate awareness on the part of hospital staff. We report a case of a patient deeply unconscious as a result of CO poisoning, in which serial treatments with HBO over a period of 14 days, produced dramatic results.
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PMID:Management of the moribund carbon monoxide victim. 811 Mar 42

Eighty-two patients were hospitalized following an accidental exposure to chlorine. All patients presented with dyspnoea and cough. The other symptoms included irritation of throat (53.6%), irritation of eyes (42.3%), headache (29.2%), abdominal pain (26.8%), vomiting (24.3%) and giddiness (9.7%). All of them had bronchospasm and 5 (6%) had cyanosis at the onset. An x-ray of the chest revealed patchy infiltrates in 3 (3.85%) and hilar congestion in 2 (2.44%). Pulmonary function tests showed an obstructive pattern in 27.4%, restrictive in 3.25% and mixed in 53.2%. Pulmonary functions were normal in 16.1% of the patients. Bronchoscopy revealed tracheobronchial mucosal congestion in all cases, hemorrhagic spots in 35.7%, erosions and ulcers in 12.5%. All patients were treated with oxygen, aminophylline, hydrocortisone and antibiotics. Haematemesis (n = 1) and pulmonary oedema (n = 2) developed 12 hours after the admission. Two other patients developed pneumonia 48 hours later. All patients recovered satisfactorily. On follow-up 16 patients had no sequelae after one year. Pulmonary functions were normal in 5 patients after 3 years of follow-up.
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PMID:Acute accidental exposure to chlorine fumes--a study of 82 cases. 145 67

Two cases are reported of acute respiratory failure occurring during sickling crises. In the first one, the crisis was characterised by priapism, and in the other one, by abdominal pain. The different causes of these respiratory effects are discussed: infection, fat embolism, pulmonary infarct, haemodynamic pulmonary oedema, as was probably the case in the first patient, or non haemodynamic pulmonary oedema due to sickling, as during conventional treatment of a sickling crisis (oxygen, antibiotics, blood transfusion, cytapheresis). Invasive investigations may contribute to keeping up the clinical picture, because of hypoxic sickling. The water equilibrium of these patients must be monitored with great care. Worsening of the patient's condition despite 48 h of correct treatment must lead to the search for a specific cause.
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PMID:[Acute respiratory insufficiency in sickle cell disease]. 150 96

The case is reported of a 49-year-old chronic alcoholic woman, who presented with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mimicking as an acute abdomen. She was admitted with right-sided hypochondrial abdominal pain and hepatomegaly, with a moderate jaundice. On admission to intensive care unit, she had an arterial blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, a heart rate of 100 b.min-1, and a respiratory rate of 36 c.min-1. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and right-sided heart failure. Whilst breathing 6 l.min-1 oxygen, her arterial blood gases were: PaO2 47 mmHg PaCO2 29 mmHg. Severe PAH was confirmed by measuring her mean pulmonary arterial pressure, which was 46 mmHg, whilst her pulmonary wedge pressure was 7 mmHg. Hepatic function was also altered: total bilirubin 41 mumol.l-1, alkaline phosphatase 145 UI.l-1 and gamma glutamyl transferase 1 340 UI.l-1. She developed arterial hypotension, which did not respond to increasing doses of isoproterenol. She died on the third day. Necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary PAH, with acute "cardiac liver".
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PMID:[Pseudosurgical acute abdomen syndrome in primary pulmonary hypertension]. 175 58

This randomized double-blind trial examined the influence of the radical scavengers allopurinol (50 mg per rectum, four times per day) and dimethyl sulfoxide (500 mg per rectum, four times per day) on pancreatic pain treated with intramuscular pethidine hydrochloride (100 mg followed by 50 mg every 4 hours until complete pain relief) in patients given nothing orally and intravenously hydrated. Addition of allopurinol or dimethyl sulfoxide to the analgesic regimen significantly enhanced its efficacy, enabling at least 57% (13 patients receiving allopurinol and 12 patients receiving dimethyl sulfoxide) of 43 patients to be free of pain within 12 hours after admission compared with only four (17%) of 23 controls achieving the same effect. This advantage extended to all patients within 24 hours after admission, leaving 11 controls (48%) still in pain. Consequently, all patients given allopurinol or dimethyl sulfoxide were discharged 3 days after admission, a result realized in only five (22%) of the assessable controls who were discharged after 5 days of hospitalization. The results suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals are implicated in the mechanism of abdominal pain caused by alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis and that removing them results in a beneficial therapeutic effect.
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PMID:Role of oxygen-derived free radical scavengers in the treatment of recurrent pain produced by chronic pancreatitis. A new approach. 192 42

Recurring paroxysmal abdominal pain developed in a 19-year old woman suffering from acute lymphatic T-cell leukaemia, during induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, cytarabine and mercaptopurine. Both the plain radiograph and CT of the abdomen showed pathognomonic intramural gas accumulations and free air below the right diaphragm, pointing to pneumatosis coli. There was marked pancytopenia (leucocytes 800/microliters,haemoglobin 7.6 g/dl, thrombocytes 10,000/microliters). Whereas the abdominal pain subsided rapidly under oxygen therapy and liquid nourishment, the radiological changes receded gradually. However, fever and diarrhoeas occurred subsequently. Fever persisted for 3 weeks despite treatment with antibiotics (three times 60 mg/d gentamicin, three times 2 g/d mefoxitin and three times 500 mg/d metronidazole, and later 30 mg/d amphotericin B) and subsided only after completion of the induction chemotherapy and an increase of leucocyte count.
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PMID:[Pneumatosis coli--a rare complication of cytostatic therapy]. 201 55


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