Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that accumulates in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) due to enzymatic deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway Its accumulation has been associated with several symptoms, such as abdominal pain attacks, neuromuscular weaknesses, neuropsychiatric alterations and increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. The use of exogenous ALA to elevate porphyrin levels in tumor photodynamic therapy, adds further significance to ALA toxicology. Under ferritin mediated and metal catalyzed oxidation, ALA produces reactive oxygen species that can damage plasmid and isolated DNA in vitro, and increases the steady-state level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in liver, spleen and kidney DNA and 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine in liver DNA of ALA-treated rats. The in vitro DNA damage could be partially inhibited by SOD, catalase, DTPA, mannitol and melatonin. ALA also promotes the formation of radical-induced base degradation products in isolated DNA. 4,5-Dioxovaleric acid, the final oxidation product of ALA, alkylates guanine moieties within both nucleoside and isolated DNA, producing two diastereoisomeric adducts. Dihydropyrazine derivatives of ALA generated by its dimerization, promote DNA strand-breaks and 8-oxodGuo formation in the presence of Cu2+. Together these results reinforce the hypothesis that the DNA damage induced by ALA may be associated with the development of HCC in individuals suffering from AIP.
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PMID:Is 5-aminolevulinic acid involved in the hepatocellular carcinogenesis of acute intermittent porphyria? 1193 Sep 45

Acute liver failure and haemolytic syndrome appeared quite suddenly as the first manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) in five of our patients previously regarded as healthy persons (although an interview showed that 2-4 weeks prior to the illness the patients complained of several non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, headaches, fever, weakness or behavioural changes). All the patients were young women (17-23 years), none of them had any history of liver disease. They were admitted with icterus, nausea, vomiting and symptoms of increasing haemolysis. The diagnosis of WD was given as disturbed copper metabolism. After a short period of observation ascites and anasarca occurred, haemorrhagic diathesis and other symptoms of liver failure increased. Levels of clotting factors decreased rapidly. Despite treatment with D-penicillamine, plasmapheresis, and symptomatic drugs, three of the women died in irreversible liver coma, due to the unavailability of liver transplantation. The fourth woman was carried to the Transplantation Centre, due to aggravation of the symptoms of liver failure, where liver transplantation was performed. Histopathologically micronodular cirrhosis was shown in all these cases. The fifth patient survived having undergone the above treatment without liver transplantation. The main differences between the patient who survived and those who died or underwent transplantation were relatively higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (26 U/l vs. 10-20 U/l), slightly higher levels of clotting factors and prothrombin time, which never fall below 68% of the control (versus 14-44% in other patients). Only in the surviving patient was the Kayser-Fleischer ring present. In four of our patients we found family members who were carriers of WD.
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PMID:Acute haemolytic syndrome and liver failure as the first manifestations of Wilson's disease. 1221 29

Acute hepatic failure has been reported in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia may also occur in the course of this infection. We report a rare case of fulminant hepatic failure and autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with Epstein-Barr virus. A seven-year-old girl was admitted with the complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting and jaundice. She was irritable, confused and had mild hepatomegaly with marked splenomegaly. Serum aminotransferase levels were moderately elevated, while direct and indirect bilirubin levels were markedly elevated. Prothrombin time was prolonged. Hemoglobin was 3.9 g/dl. Anti-HAV IgM, HbsAg, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HCV and anti-CMV IgM were negative, while IgM VCA EBV, IgG VCA EBV and anti-CMV IgG were positive. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels were normal. The patient received supportive therapy for hepatic failure. Meanwhile, the cause of the deep anemia was investigated and autoimmune hemolytic anemia was ascertained by means of increased reticulocyte count and positive Coombs test. Corticosteroid therapy was administered. The prognosis was good. Although not reported before, the combination of acute hepatic failure and autoimmune hemolytic anemia may complicate the course of EBV infection. Physicians need to be aware of this association.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatic failure and autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1221 11

A new copper potentiated IUD, No-Gravid, manufactured and marketed in Italy, was inserted in 100 women in the University Hospital in Rome, Italy. 56% of acceptors was over 30; 46% had been using OC (oral contraception) for the past 2 years; 55% had 2 children and only 14% were nulliparous; 30% had undergone previous abortions. Insertion of the device was very easy in all cases, with a few cases of abdominal pain, spontaneously regressed. Menstrual flow was sensibly increased at 6 months in about 20% of patients; appearance of menstrual and intermenstrual cramps was improved. Libido and sexual satisfaction increased over 30%, as did the number of monthly sexual encounters. There were 2 pregnancies, due not to IUD failure but to partial expulsion of unchecked devices. Cupremia and Hb values were normal; there were no removals of any kind.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a recent copper intrauterine device: No-Gravid]. 1226 37

A comparative study of 4 copper IUDs, Cu T 200, Cu T 380, and Cu Y, was undertaken in the Peripheral Contraceptive Testing Unit of Indian Council of Medical Research at Madurai. 250 women wearing Cu T 200, 227 wearing Cu T 220, 281 Cu T 380 A and ll9 Cu Y were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. Continuation rates were lower with Cu Y and Cu T 380. Expulsion and termination rates due to expulsion were higher with Cu T 200 and Cu T 380 A. Menstrual disorders were highest with Cu T 380A. There were 2 pregnancies with Cu T 200, none in the other groups. Expulsion rates were the lowest for Cu Y, Cu T 220 second lowest. Menstrual disorders occurred least among Cu T 200 users. Minor side effects, abdominal pain, backache, leucorrhea, did not vary with device used. The removal rate for menstrual side effects was highest for Cu T 380 A, 3x that of Cu T 200. Cu T 220 and Cu T 200 had similar removal rates. The Cu T 200 retains its contraceptive efficacy up to a period of 4 years.
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PMID:Comparative study of Copper IUDs. 1233 26

A.H. Robins, makers of the Dalkon Shield, recently issued a letter to doctors suggesting that the problems of Actinomyces infection and colonization associated with long-term use of IUDs can be minimized by replacing inert IUDs at periodic intervals, generally not exceeding three years. However, David Eschenbach of the University of Washington believes that there are no final answers yet as to the prevention and management of this serious though rare disease, and recommendations are really just opinions. Actinomyces israelli is the species most commonly associated with pelvic colonization or infection; it is commonly a commensal organism of the oropharynx and the bowel, but not the genital tract. Symptoms that warn of infection of the genital tract include abdominal pain; nocturnal chills or sweats; vaginal discharge; intermenstrual bleeding; and increased menstrual bleeding. Infection can be fairly mild and resolved with IUD removal, or it can produce tubal abcesses, generally unilateral, which can be fatal, as in a young woman who developed massive pelvic abscess which later spilled 1500 cc of free pus into the abdominal cavity. Plastic inert IUDs are associated with a greater prevalence of Actinomyces infection than are copper-bearing IUDs. Pap smear can detect the presence of Actinomyces organisms, which are seen as branching filaments, sulfa granules or irregular islands of amorphous material which stain blue to brown or black. The organism may either be pathogenic or commensal, depending on the presence of leukocytes. Overall prevalence of Actinomyces showing up on Pap smears of IUD users is estimated at 80% to 90% of IUD users. Treatment suggestions depend on whether the patient has symptoms or is asymptomatic, and whether the presence of the organism represents an infection or a colonization. IUD removal, antibiotic treatment, and if necessary, surgical excision are recommended. Monitoring programs for IUD users are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Actinomyces in IUD users: management, prevention sparks controversy. 1233 39

A 28-year-old woman in whom a copper-T 280-A intra-uterine device (IUD) had been placed 6 months previously, presented complaining of urinary system infection and lower abdominal pain. Intra-vesical migration of IUD was confirmed by radiography and cystoscopy. Since 1966, 17 other cases of calculus formation among 41 cases of intra-vesical migration have been reported.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of intra-uterine device migrating to bladder using radiographic image of calculus formation and review of literature. 1269 78

This paper reports on an outbreak of abdominal pain and vomiting in 12 people who worked on a small industrial estate in rural Cheshire (in the United Kingdom). Investigations at the time were unable to identify the cause, although it was noted that the private water supply was poorly managed. Some weeks later, blue crystals were noted precipitating out of a routine water sample. Analysis of the sample gave a copper concentration of 45,110 micrograms/L. The symptoms complained of in the outbreak cases were compatible with copper poisoning. Further investigations showed that episodes of blue discoloration of the drinking water had occurred in the past. Furthermore, copper pipes in the distribution system showed evidence of internal corrosion.
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PMID:A cluster of cases of abdominal pain possibly associated with high copper levels in a private water supply. 1297 Oct 43

In a double blind, 3x3 factorial (volumexdose) study, 70 adult females (18-60 years of age) at four different international sites (total pooled n=269) were given 100, 150, or 200ml of bottled drinking water with 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2mg of copper (Cu) as the sulfate salt once each week. Two additional doses (0 and 1.6mg Cu) were added at the 200ml volume to determine a dose-response relationship and corroborate previously reported results. All subjects completed a questionnaire at 0, 0.25, and 1h post-dosing that screened for positive gastrointestinal (GI) effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). Nausea was the most prevalent symptom reported and was generally reported within the first 15min (water volume, p<0.032; copper dose, p<0.0001; and water volumexcopper interaction, p<0.97). As volume increased, the effect of Cu-induced nausea decreased; as Cu dose increased, the incidence of nausea increased. At 200ml, a significant increase in reported incidence of nausea at 0.25h occurred at 1.2 mg Cu (6mg Cu/L), indicating a NOAEL of 0.8mg Cu (4mg Cu/L) for adult females. These data confirm a previously determined human acute NOAEL for Cu added to distilled water, and provide additional, controlled human data for determining safe concentrations of Cu in drinking water.
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PMID:Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study. 1462 88

The morphology and the related composition of T-type intrauterine devices (IUDs) made of gold-plated copper were studied in relation to patient complaints. The removed IUDs were examined without pretreatment by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Besides the previously found incrustation formation, lamination cracks were observed on the surface of gold-plated copper IUDs causing various side effects (abdominal pain, inflammatory complication). A possible explanation for lamination cracks could be the difference in the heat expansion of the copper and its gold-plated surface and the great difference between the strong acidic galvanizing pH during production and the in utero pH. Stability tests in combination with morphology screening of such IUDs could be required during their development phase to avoid such side effects.
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PMID:Comparison of surface morphology and composition of intrauterine devices in relation to patient complaints. 1528 20


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