Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal ischemia induced by cocaine abuse is a rare condition. To this date, only three cases have been described. The diagnosis of bowel ischemia should be suspected whenever a cocaine addict has severe abdominal pain. A pathological examination of the resected bowel segment was performed in one case, and the diagnosis was confirmed microscopically. However, the existence of pathologic alterations of the intestinal vessels was not confirmed. Why the intestinal injury is segmental and whether it is related to the dose ingested, the administration route, or the combination of cocaine with alcohol, caffeine, or marijuana remain unclear. The authors report one fatal case associated with cocaine-alcohol overdose. The postmortem examination demonstrated the existence of segmental intestinal ischemia. Microscopic study failed to demonstrate thrombosis in the mesenteric vessels; however, we found an unusual lesion affecting the arterioles located in the intestinal submucosa of the hemorrhagic areas.
 ...
PMID:Vascular lesions in intestinal ischemia induced by cocaine-alcohol abuse: report of a fatal case due to overdose. 234 87

Food and symptom diaries were used to identify problem foods for each of 164 patients with chronic medical problems such as headache, fatigue, congestion, abdominal pain, and sinus problems. A statistical analysis related the total load of 90 biologic families, as well as caffeine, alcohol, and lactose, to changes in symptom intensity during a 2-week diary. The results helped 75% of the patients when used as a guide for elimination diets. Open challenges confirmed 47% of the identified food components. This study required a database and software to estimate recipe components for an average of 243 foods per patient. The analysis of each patient's diary produces a main report that lists suspect food components for each symptom. The report lists components in decreasing order of statistical confidence and gives lag times between food ingestion and symptom change. This report also shows that initial direction of the symptom change as a direct or masking effect. Foods that appear "safe" or unrelated to the symptoms are also listed. A second report lists the patient's food sources for each of the suspected food components. The report shows the percentage contribution of source foods and is useful for patient education and the design of elimination diets.
 ...
PMID:Identification of problem foods using food and symptom diaries. 787 Apr 42

In this descriptive study, 20 midlife women experiencing chronic distressing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms recorded GI symptom severity in a symptom diary for a 30-day period and dietary intake in a 9-day food record. A wide variability in GI symptom severity was noted. Significant negative relationships were present between dietary fiber intake and abdominal pain, awakening with abdominal pain, nausea, awakening with nausea, and awakening with rectal pain. No significant relationships were noted between amount of caffeine or alcohol intake and distressing GI symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Dietary fiber and distressing gastrointestinal symptoms in midlife women. 797

During the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in the development of oral macrolide and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are two new oral macrolides whose pharmacokinetics (compared with those of erythromycin) are characterized by improved oral bioavailability, increased tissue penetration and persistence, and longer elimination half-lives. A limited number of interactions with other drugs have been reported for azithromycin and clarithromycin. The most common adverse reactions to the new macrolide agents include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, temafloxacin, and lomefloxacin are the oral fluoroquinolones that have been marketed in the United States thus far. In comparison to nalidixic acid, the newer fluoroquinolones have improved pharmacokinetic properties, including greater oral absorption, increased peak serum concentrations and areas under the curve, higher tissue concentrations, and longer elimination half-lives. Divalent or trivalent cations can alter the absorption of all fluoroquinolones. Some of the fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) can inhibit the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system and thereby cause increased serum concentrations of drugs like theophylline and caffeine. Adverse reactions to the fluoroquinolones primarily involve the gastrointestinal system, skin, and central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:New oral macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, interactions, and safety. 839 14

Premenstrual syndrome, a common cyclic disorder of young and middle-aged women, is characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Women with more severe affective symptoms are classified as having premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Although the etiology of these disorders remains uncertain, research suggests that altered regulation of neurohormones and neurotransmitters is involved. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder are diagnoses of exclusion; therefore, alternative explanations for symptoms must be considered before either diagnosis is made. The disorders can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms, including depression, mood lability, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, headache, and fatigue. Women with mild symptoms should be instructed about lifestyle changes, including healthy diet, sodium and caffeine restriction, exercise, and stress reduction. Supportive strategies, such as use of a symptom diary, may be helpful in diagnosing and managing the disorders. In women with moderate symptoms, treatment includes both medication and lifestyle modifications. Dietary supplements, such as calcium and evening primrose oil, may offer modest benefit. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine and sertraline are the most effective pharmacologic agents. Prostaglandin inhibitors and diuretics may provide some relief of symptoms. Only weak evidence supports the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, androgenic agents, estrogen, progesterone, or other psychotropics, and side effects limit their use.
 ...
PMID:Premenstrual syndrome. 1272 53

The temporal association of symptoms consistent with ephedrine toxicity after ingestion of ephedrine-containing dietary supplements is heavily relied upon to confirm exposure. Few reports in the literature attempt to associate toxicity with serum levels of these drugs. We report a case of ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia confirmed by a plasma level. A 22-year-old woman ingesting an ephedrine- and caffeine-containing product for 2 days presented with multiple symptoms, including palpitations, nausea, tremulousness, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a normal sinus rhythm with 1 mm of ST segment depression in leads V3 and V4, along with inverted T waves in leads V1-V4. Her symptoms and ST segment depression resolved over several hours with medical management. The amplitude of her T wave inversions notably diminished with therapy; however, they did not completely resolve. Troponins at presentation and the following morning were negative, and an echocardiogram showed only trace tricuspid regurgitation. A serum ephedrine level, drawn approximately 6 to 7 hr after ingestion, was 150 ng/mL. She was discharged from the hospital after being instructed to avoid ephedrine-containing products.
 ...
PMID:Ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia: exposure confirmed with a serum level. 1467 95

Rizatriptan and zolmitriptan are both used to relieve acute migraine and cluster headaches. The mechanism of action is similar to the other triptans, in that they reverse abnormal cerebral vasodilation through their activity as 5-HT1B receptor agonists. Triptan-induced vasoconstriction is attributed to its activity on peripheral 5-HT1B receptors and has rarely been reported to result in stroke, myocardial infarction and ischemic colitis. We present two cases of renal infarction associated with therapeutic triptan use. The first patient is a 57-year-old man with a history of hypertension that was well controlled on valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. He was recently diagnosed with cluster headaches and was treated with indomethacin, prednisone, butalbital-acetaminophen-caffeine and hydrocodone without relief. He then received two therapeutic doses of rizatriptan on each of the two days prior to presentation. Subsequently, he presented to the emergency department complaining of nausea, vomiting and right-sided abdominal pain. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast revealed a very large wedge shaped infarction of the right kidney. The second patient is a 34-year-old man with a past medical history significant only for life-long migraine headaches successfully treated for the past six years with zolmitriptan. Shortly after taking one therapeutic dose of zolmitriptan, he presented to the emergency department complaining of nausea and left-sided abdominal pain. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast revealed multiple wedge-shaped infarctions of the left kidney. Renal infarction was confirmed in both patients by arteriogram of the renal arteries. Although both rizatriptan and zolmitriptan are effective in the treatment of migraine and cluster headaches, they may induce peripheral vasospasm leading to renal infarction.
 ...
PMID:Renal infarction during the use of rizatriptan and zolmitriptan: two case reports. 1661 76

Two males, 15 and 17 years old respectively, presented at the Emergency Department complaining of cramping abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after ingestion of energy capsules. Physical examination revealed sinus tachycardia and slight abdominal pain. Laboratory examination showed substantial hypokalaemia and mild hyperglycaemia. Questioning revealed that they had taken 5 and 3 'herbal energy capsules' respectively and that these capsules supposedly contained 200 mg of caffeine each. Toxicological analysis showed a greatly increased serum caffeine concentration in both patients. The peak concentrations calculated were in the highly toxic range and could have led to severe acute complications such as convulsions. Pharmaceutical analysis demonstrated that these 'Supercap Xtreme'-capsules contained 700 mg caffeine or more. All symptoms presented were compatible with caffeine intoxication. The content of these capsules is not reliable and could lead to life-threatening intoxication.
 ...
PMID:[Acute caffeine intoxication after intake of 'herbal energy capsules']. 1900 85

About two-thirds of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients associate their symptoms with certain foods. We reviewed food-related factors putatively associated with manifestations of IBS. Soluble fiber may improve constipation but frequently increases bloating and abdominal pain. Carbohydrate malabsorption seems to be more frequent in IBS. A low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) diet significantly reduces IBS symptoms and has been suggested as a therapeutic option. Serological screening for celiac disease should be done in patients without constipation. Moreover, non-celiac disease gluten sensitivity, defined as gluten intolerance once celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out, should be considered in these patients. There is no specific diet for IBS patients but small and frequent meals, avoiding greasy foods, dairy products, many carbohydrates, caffeine and alcohol, is recommended.
...
PMID:[Importance of diet in irritable bowel syndrome]. 2458 64

Omental bleeding without any evidence of trauma, aneurysms, or other pathology has been rarely described in the literature. We report a case of a 24 year-old female on aspirin/acetaminophen/caffeine for migraines who presented with abdominal pain and tachycardia. Computed tomography angiography revealed active extravasation in the right lower quadrant. During exploratory laparotomy, a small bleeding artery within the greater omentum was suture ligated, and two liters of fresh and clotted blood were evacuated. The patient recovered successfully. We review the diagnosis and management of this rare condition.
...
PMID:Idiopathic omental bleeding. 2496 Jul 88


1 2 Next >>