Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fertility control by cyclic norethindrone (Norlutin), 17 alpha-ethinyl 19-nortestosterone, plus .06 mg 3-methoxy ethinyl estradiol (Ortho-Novum) was studied in 364 women over a period of 32 months for a total of 6062 cycles. No patient who followed the instructions became pregnant. 37 patients stopped the medication for various reasons. The interval between stopping medication and becoming pregnant averaged 1.6 months. 13 of these pregnancies occurred after 11-15 cycles of treatment. Children born to these mothers were normal with no virilization observed. Findings from all Papanicolaou smears and cervical biopsies were normal. The desirable effects of diminishing the menstrual flow, reducing dysmenorrhea and regulating the menstrual cycle, plus the all-important one of contraception, far outweighed minimal and infrequent undesirable side effects (in order of frequence: chloasma, hot flashes, headache, nausea, acne, abdominal pain, dizziness and urticaria). In only 4.8% of the total 6062 cycles was some complaint made.
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PMID:Long-term administration of norethindrone in fertility control. 1227 4

A recent case-control study by a team of University of Southern California investigators follows published observations on a total of 107 liver tumors among young women. Most of them were, or had been, oral contraceptive users. The importance of duration of use in the etiology of these tumors was shown by data on 58 women reported at the 1976 annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Of the 58 women who developed these tumors, 85% had used the pill continuously for more than 4 years. An increasing number of such reports has induced the National Cancer Institute to undertake an investigation regarding these tumors. Almost all of the reported tumors have been benign and described as adenomas, hamartomas, or focal nodular hyperplasia. Some have been without symptoms. Others have been associated with severe abdominal pain or sudden bleeding. A case-control study of 34 young women diagnosed as having benign liver tumors in 1955-1976 was made with appropriate controls. Of the 34 tumor cases, 29 had used oral contraceptives but 26 of the controls had done so also. The tumor patients had taken the pills for significantly longer periods than the controls. The risk of developing liver tumors increased with duration of use and was 2.5 times greater than after 3-5 years than for 1 year or less of use. After 5 years of use, the risk increased sharply to 25 times greater after 9 or more years of pill use. A palpable mass was present in 34% of the cases and severe abdominal pain in 29% of 1 series. Pills containing mestranol seemed more likely to cause liver tumors than those containing ethinyl estradiol. Another report was of 44 case histories published within the past 5 years and 27 new cases reported to the Registry for Liver Tumors Associated with Oral Contraceptives. This Registry was established in 1975. Duration and type of pill use was recorded for 58 of them. Of these, 85% had taken the pill for over 4 years. Mestranol-containing pills had been mostly used. Norethindrone was often used. Of these tumors, 18 ruptured resulting in the death of 8 of the 71 women. In Louisville, 9 cases of benign liver tumors were diagnosed between 1968 and 1974 in women who had used oral contraceptives. No similar tumors had been observed in a comparable age group of women in the previous 13 years. In 1 case, a patient had the tumor removed and resumed the pills. After 6 years a 2nd similar tumor developed. It was not removed but regressed somewhat in 5 months when the oral contraceptive was omitted. In Britain and the U.S., 3 prospective studies of pill users are being conducted. The different types of liver tumors involved seem to have different etiologies. Focal nodular hyperplasia is sometimes found in men but liver-cell adenoma is almost exlusively found in women, many of whom have used oral contraceptives. The Central Registry may resolve some questions.
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PMID:Case control study finds long-term pill use is associated with higher risk of benign liver tumors. 1233 49

Endometriosis is an important clinical problem in routine practice. Besides the problems of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and chronic abdominal pain, women with endometriosis are often infertile. We performed a systematic literature review on two issues: firstly, we clarified which medical treatment options have been investigated in prospective, randomized studies. Secondly, potential future treatments, still being preclinically investigated, were examined. A meta-analysis was not possible as the studies varied too much in their protocols and inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as in the drugs and doses administered. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, progestins and oral contraceptives all appear to offer certain advantages for endometriosis patients. GnRH agonists appear to be the most effective but they are expensive and long-term treatment is not possible because of loss of bone mineral density. Estrogen add-back may offer some benefit for the clinical complaints of patients, but it may reduce the efficacy of GnRH agonists. Progestins have the best clinical profile and a good cost-effectiveness balance; however, most studies found that they were not as effective as GnRH agonists. Oral contraceptives are only effective during treatment and have a high relapse rate after therapy is completed. Future options may include the use of GnRH agonists, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and anti-estrogens, as well as immunomodulators.
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PMID:Medical management of endometriosis: a systematic review. 1515 7

In its extraovarian form, co-existence of carcinoma and endometriosis is a sufficient argument used in favour of the malignant transformation of endometric lesions. Estrogen as well as the loss of 5q chromosome heterozygosity are considerate as initiators of that type of carcinogenesis. Endometrioid histological type is the most frequent and is revealed usually by abdominal pain. The incidence of carcinoma arising in endometriosis is about 0.8% and 5-year survival rate of pelvic endometrioid form is about a 100% after surgery and radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Malignant tumours arising in extraovarian endometriosis: three case reports and review of the literature]. 1529 30

A 44-year-old woman was admitted with a 7-day history of lower abdominal pain and nausea. Physical examination demonstrated tenderness in the lower abdomen without signs of peritonitis. There were no specific findings in the laboratory evaluation. She had a history of dysmenorrhea for 15 years and was taking a combined hormonal contraceptive containing 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone for 19 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT). Systemic anticoagulant infusion was immediately administered and the symptoms disappeared within 2 days. The thrombus disappeared after 3 months. This case report suggests that early diagnosis of SMVT and immediate systemic anticoagulant therapy may reduce the rate of intestinal infarction.
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PMID:Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis Associated with Hormonal Contraceptive Use. 2746 95

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a unique mesenchymal tumor of the stomach. The molecular characteristics of these tumors remain unclear. Here, we report 10 cases of PF with clinicopathological features and molecular features in detail. The patients ranged in age from 26 to 72 years (mean, 49 y) and most commonly presented with abdominal pain and distension, black stool, and anemia. Eight tumors were located at the antrum while two in the fundus of stomach. Histologically, tumor cells exhibited a plexiform growth pattern with multiple nodules in the muscularis propria of stomach wall and infiltrative borders. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were strongly positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA), some were staining for CD10 (5/10), desmin (5/10), H-caldesmon (6/10) and progesterone receptor (PR, 6/10), however, CD34, S-100, Estrogen Receptor (ER), ALK, CD117 and DOG-1 were all negative in our cases. The glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) gene translocation was detected in eight cases by FISH with three positive and five negative. Mutation analyses of C-KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes were performed on five cases and all of which were wild-type for mutation. Our follow-up indicated that all of the patients made an uneventful recovery at 24 to 95 months after diagnosis. In summary, the distinctively histological features and immunohistochemical positivity of SMA, CD10 and PR can help differentiate PF from other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. GLI1 gene translocation offers an additional molecular instrument for the diagnosis. The expression of PR and the existence of GLI1 gene translocation in PF highlights of our article.
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PMID:Plexiform fibromyxoma of the stomach: a clinicopathological study of 10 cases. 3196 36


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