Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presently available methods of study of small bowel motility in humans include manometry (or electromyography) which records the temporospatial organization of bowel contractions and determination of intestinal transit time. Investigation of subjects with the irritable bowel syndrome has shown that the small intestine has its part in the motor disturbances. The characteristics of normal motility of the small intestine are well known: the migrating motor complex (MMC) develops during the interdigestive period, typical contractions are seen during phases 2 and 3 of the MMC, the nature and the duration of the motor response to alimentation have been described. In patients with IBS, the production of the MMC is irregular during the day hours; this is most likely due to environmental solicitations and it is recognized that intensive aliess can cause transient interruption of the development of cycles. On the other hand, the MMC develops normally during sleeping hours. Contraction derangements such as non propulsed repeated contractions in the proximal intestine and contractions propulsed too frequently in the small intestine may be found during phase 2. Some of the abnormal contractions coincide with abdominal pain. After meals, the duration of interruption of the MMC is shorter than in the normal subject. Transit time is shortened in patients with diarrhea, lengthened in patients with constipation. Patients with IBS respond excessively to certain stimuli: for instance, the motor response to cholecystokinin is increased compared to the normal subject. Intake of fatty ingesta is followed by the same type of reaction: pain is often associated with abnormal contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Small bowel motility in the irritable bowel syndrome]. 221 Jan 78

Defecography, pelvic floor electromyography, and segmental colonic transit times were performed in 74 patients with functional constipation. Signs of functional outlet obstruction occurred in 74 percent. Transit times were normal in 33 percent. Measurement of colonic transit time in patients with disordered evacuation studies is useless from a clinical point of view, because abnormal segmental transit time is the result of outlet obstruction in most cases and will return to normal after adequate treatment. Only when evacuation studies are normal, or have become normal after treatment and constipation persists, are segmental transit studies indicated because they may demonstrate primary slow transit constipation. Primary slow transit constipation probably is caused by impaired motility of the whole gastrointestinal tract. As small-bowel transit time increases, defecation frequency decreases, laxatives are taken again, and abdominal pain persists. Surgery should be performed with restraint.
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PMID:Application of the colorectal laboratory in diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation. 229 75

Fusidic acid has previously been noted to prevent syncytial formation by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Since this drug is a cheap, usually well-tolerated substance with known toxicity profile, an open, uncontrolled trial was undertaken to evaluate its possible efficacy in HIV disease. Twenty HIV antibody positive patients (10 with AIDS and 10 with ARC) were treated with sodium fusidate 500 mg every 8 h for up to 3 months. One patient died during therapy and six ceased treatment due to adverse events. Rash, nausea, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain caused difficulties in all patients. There was no significant improvement in clinical state or T-helper cell levels, and no observed decrease in HIV p24 antigen during treatment. We conclude that in this open trial, sodium fusidate had no observable beneficial clinical, virological, or immunological effects.
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PMID:Clinical, immunological, and virological effects of sodium fusidate in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC): an open study. 249 93

A double blind placebo controlled trial of ispaghula husk in 80 patients with irritable bowel syndrome is reported. Global assessment judged treatment to be satisfactory in 82% of patients receiving ispaghula and 53% of the placebo group (p less than 0.02). Bowel habit was unchanged in the placebo group, while constipation significantly improved in patients taking ispaghula (p = 0.026). Transit time decreased significantly in those taking ispaghula compared with placebo (p = 0.001), especially in patients with initially high transit times. Abdominal pain and bloating improved in both groups, with no significant differences between ispaghula and placebo. Four of the eight withdrawals on ispaghula and 10 of the 15 withdrawals on placebo were because of treatment failure. Ispaghula significantly improves overall well being in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and in those with constipation favourably affects bowel habit and transit time.
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PMID:Double blind study of ispaghula in irritable bowel syndrome. 332 56

Six horses had been admitted to the hospital because of illness other than renal failure; diarrhoea, myositis, abdominal pain and/or suspected bacterial sepsis. Hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy were frequent findings in the horses. Abnormally high serum creatinine concentration and urine specific gravity of less than 1.022 were found in the horses with acute renal failure. Hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia were the most common abnormal electrolyte findings. Pronounced hyperkalaemia was not found. Variable degrees of tubular necrosis were seen in three of the four horses that had kidney sections submitted for microscopic examination. Renal cortical necrosis occurred in one horse. Intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement was the most important therapy in those cases that were non-oliguric. Furosemide, mannitol and dopamine were used in horses with oliguria. The prognosis was generally good if the predisposing cause could be corrected and the acute renal failure was not oliguric.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in six horses resulting from haemodynamic causes. 360 51

After a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy patients frequently complain about abdominal pain, fullness, nausea and vomiting, ie, the Roux-en-Y syndrome. Stasis in the Roux limb due to disordered motility is known to be a cause of these complaints. The aim of the present study was to determine whether vagal denervation contributes to the development of motility disturbances and stasis in the Roux limb. Forty-seven patients with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after partial gastrectomy were studied. A truncal vagotomy had been performed in 26 of these 47 patients. Transit through the Roux limb was evaluated by radionuclide studies, motility in the Roux limb was studied by manometry, and vagal function was tested by measuring the pancreatic polypeptide response to an insulin-induced hypoglycemia (PP test). On the basis of the PP test patients were classified as having (1) normal, (2) moderately impaired, and (3) severely impaired vagal function. The PP test showed that two of the 26 patients subjected to vagotomy had a moderately impaired vagal function, the other 24 all had a severely impaired vagal function. In the patients not subjected to a vagotomy, vagal function was disturbed in 11 of the 21 patients. Motility disturbances were not observed more frequently in patients with either moderately or severely impaired vagal function than in patients with normal vagal function. Stasis in the Roux limb was seen even more frequently in patients with a normal vagal function than in patients with a severely impaired vagal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of vagal dysfunction in motility and transit disorders of jejunal Roux limb after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. 814 49

A 26-year-old woman in the thirty-second week of her fifth pregnancy was admitted with diffuse sudden-onset abdominal pain. Examination revealed cervical dilation to 8 cm, a ruptured uterine cerclage and transverse presentation of the fetus, indicating a need for emergency cesarean section, which was performed under uneventful spinal anesthesia. Three days after surgery the patient presented signs consistent with acute pulmonary edema coinciding with blood transfusion. Echocardiography demonstrated left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 35%. The diagnosis was peripartum myocardiopathy with acute respiratory insufficiency due to heart failure. Furosemide and captopril were prescribed and the outcome was satisfactory. The discharge echocardiogram showed a left ventricle of normal size and thickness, and the ejection fraction was 55%. Peripartum myocardiopathy is a type of heart failure that develops during the third trimester or during the first six months after delivery, in the absence of signs of ventricular dysfunction or previous heart disease. Based on clinical presentation and echocardiographic findings, we believe that peripartum myocardiopathy was the cause of acute pulmonary edema in this patient.
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PMID:[Puerperal cardiomyopathy and pulmonary edema after cesarean section]. 1213 58

There is increased prevalence of abdominal pain and diarrhea and decreased gastric sensation with increased body mass index (BMI). Our hypothesis is that increased BMI is associated with increased colonic motility and sensation. The study aim was to assess effect of BMI on colonic sensory and motor functions and transit. We used a database of colonic tone, compliance, and perception of distensions measured by intracolonic, barostat-controlled balloon, and gastrointestinal transit was measured by validated scintigraphy in healthy obese and nonobese subjects. Regression analysis was applied to assess the association of BMI with colonic sensory and motor functions. We included adjustments for sex differences, age, height, balloon volumes during distension, and psychological stress. Among 165 participants (87 women, 78 men), increased BMI was associated with decreased colonic compliance (P < 0.006, adjusted), decreased pain rating during distensions (P = 0.02, adjusted), and a higher threshold for pain (P = 0.042, adjusted). Sensation for gas, colonic tone, and contraction after meal ingestion were not significantly associated with BMI. Transit was assessed in 72 participants (41 women, 31 men); colonic transit was faster with BMI >30 kg/m(2) (P = 0.003 unadjusted, P = 0.08 adjusted for gender). In conclusion, BMI >25 kg/m(2) is associated with decreased colonic compliance and pain sensation; colonic transit is accelerated particularly with BMI >30 kg/m(2) in women. These data suggest that colonic dysfunction may contribute to diarrhea, but the cause of increased abdominal pain in obesity is not explained by the studies of colonic sensation and requires further study of afferent, spinal, and central mechanisms.
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PMID:High body mass alters colonic sensory-motor function and transit in humans. 1861 55

A 57-year-old woman presented with bilateral abdominal pain and flank discomfort. Imaging studies, consisting of CT scan, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid renal scan with Lasix and a retrograde pyelogram, indicated an obstruction at the uteropelvic junction (UPJ), possibly due to fibroepithelial polyps within the ureter. A robotic pyeloplasty revealed a ureteral diverticulum and a thin, still-attached fibroepithelial polyp of approximately 2 cm in length. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged one day postpyeloplasty with no reported complications. This rare clinical scenario should be considered when formulating a diagnosis for a UPJ obstruction.
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PMID:Fibroepithelial ureteral polyps presenting as ureteropelvic obstruction. 2475 68

Background. Scrotal swelling is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis with few reported cases in the literature. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male with hydrochlorothiazide induced pancreatitis who developed scrotal swelling. Case Presentation. A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sharp epigastric abdominal pain that radiated to the back and chest. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness and distention with hypoactive bowel sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed acute pancreatitis. The patient's condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After he improved and was transferred out of the ICU, the patient developed swelling of the scrotum and penis. Ultrasound (US) of the scrotum showed large hydrocele bilaterally with no varicoceles or testicular masses. Good blood flow was observed for both testicles. The swelling diminished over the next eight days with the addition of Lasix and the patient was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion. Scrotal swelling is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. It usually resolves spontaneously with conservative medical management such as diuretics and elevation of the legs.
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PMID:Scrotal Swelling as a Complication of Hydrochlorothiazide Induced Acute Pancreatitis. 2619 65


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