Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

12 patients with adverse reactions to foods are discussed, including 1 with biopsy-proven ulcerative proctitis. 10 had predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting) and two had rhinitis and headache. Skin tests (in all but two) and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in some patients were negative. All of the patients were challenged in hospital with the offending food, either alone or preceded by a prostaglandin synthetase-inhibiting drug (aspirin, indomethacin or Ibuprofen). In 11 of the 12 patients this premedication prevented both the gastrointestinal and the more remote symptoms. Blood and stool prostaglandin measurements (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) showed changes which correlated with clinical symptoms and did not occur if one of the inhibiting drugs had been given prior to challenge.
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PMID:Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and food intolerance. 11 24

The focus of this study on coital allergy is on discussing the basis for and clinical implications of the immunological reactions that mediate allergic reactions to semen. Allergic reactions to antigens in seminal plasma occur in the case of acute systemic hypersensitivity (ACH), localized postcoital allergic seminal vulvovaginitis, and/or hypersensitivity to exogenous allergens in semen. In the few cases (30 cases at present), ACH may manifest itself in generalized urticaria, orbital and vulval edema, vulval and generalized pruritus, bronchospasm, lower abdominal pain, hypotension, and loss of consciousness. There may be a family history of atopy. Symptoms may appear over months or years before reaching a severe level. The usual case is the appearance after the 1st coital act or after a change in coital, genital, or reproductive occasions. It is not specific to a particular male partner. It may be self-limiting. Condom usage or abstinence may lead to abatement. Localized vulvovaginitis may occur simultaneously with ACH or exist alone. The symptoms are local pruritus, burning, swelling, erythema, and urticaria in varying degrees for up to a week and occur during or after coitus. Douching or vulval irrigations may ameliorate symptoms. Misdiagnosis as genital herpes or infective vulvovaginitis may occur in mild cases. Exogenous allergens derived from drugs, food, and other sources presenting in the semen may contribute to hypersensitivity. This is different from reactions to intrinsic components of seminal plasma. Vaginal exposure to chemical products such as soaps or to airborne particles such as pollen may produce allergic responses. Another possibility is that genital candidiasis may produce local Ige antibodies, and PGE2 induced suppression of cell-mediated immunity. The immunological mechanisms are described as type I hypersensitivity reactions with the antigen reacting with reaginic antibodies of the Ige class which are bound to mast cell or circulating basophils. The antigens and the immune reactions are specified. In the clinical diagnosis, the rare acute systemic form is obvious, but the atypical, recurrent, and intractable forms of vulvovaginitis require investigation with skin tests. Treatment may involve artificial insemination for those seeking pregnancy, immunotherapy, or antihistamines, rather than use of a condom or abstinence.
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PMID:Allergy to coitus. 168

Fifteen patients with laparoscopically diagnosed tubal pregnancy and constant or rising plasma beta-hCG levels were treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mgms diluted in 10 cc of isotonic sodium solution) was injected transabdominally with a 22 gauge spinal needle during laparoscopy into the Fallopian tube. Prostaglandin E2 (500 micrograms ms) was given intramuscularly during three consecutive postoperative days. The treatment was defined as successful if plasma beta-hCG levels declined below the lower limit of detection and no further intervention other than prostaglandin application was required. The treatment was successful in eight patients. Six patients underwent laparotomy and salpingotomy because of rising beta-hCG levels. None of the treated patients displayed any adverse reactions following prostaglandin F2 alpha application. One patient underwent explorative laparotomy during the second postoperative day because of lower abdominal pain. During operation, no pathological change could be found. This patient was excluded from the study. In the group treated successfully (n = 8) seven out of eight patients had beta-hCG levels below 2500 mlU/ml preoperatively. In the unsuccessfully treated group (n = 6), four out of six patients had beta-hCG levels above 2500 mlU/ml preoperatively. Mean duration of beta-hCG decline to 10 percent of the maximum preoperative value was 15.8 +/- 8.64 days (mean +/- S.D.). Postoperatively, hysterosalpingography was performed in six out of eight successfully treated patients after three menstrual cycles (one patient had an intrauterine pregnancy, one patient refused written consent). The Fallopian tubes were patent bilaterally in all six patients.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy with prostaglandins]. 169 71

In a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study involving 50 primigravidae scheduled for termination of 1st trimester pregnancy, 500 mcg PGE2 gel or placebo gel were applied intracervically 6 hours before curettage. The primary effect was verified in all patients by means of comparative examinations with a special tonometer before application of the gel and immediately before the surgical procedure. No abortion or vaginal bleeding occurred in any of the patients. After 500 mcg PGE2 gel, the mean free passability (i.e., force or=Newton) was 7.8 (+/-2.0) mm, the corresponding value for the placebo group 5.2 (+/-1.2) mm (p0.0001). The PG pretreatment led to a significant increase in dilation of 5.9 +/-2.3 mm vs 2.0 +/-1.2 mm in the placebo (p0.0001). 17 of the 25 PGE2 treated patients complained of lower abdominal pain, gastrointestinal side effects were observed in 1 of these patients. In the placebo group, there were no undesired concomitant symptoms. No intra- or postoperative complications occurred in the PGE2 gel-treated group. After application of the placebo gel, cervical lesions and incomplete curettages were demonstrated in 4 cases. According to this preliminary experience, the intracervical application of the new ready- for-the PGE2 gel represents a practicable and efficient method for preoperative cervical priming. In view of the intraoperative complications in the placebo group, the frequency of side effects after PG application are within tolerable limits. (author's)
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PMID:A randomized double blind study of a new ready-for use prostaglandin gel (Org 2436) for cervical ripening prior to first trimester pregnancy termination. 237 85

Enprostil, a synthetic PGE2, has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. A double blind randomized study was performed in 80 patients, in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety enprostil (35 mu b.i.d) as compared to cimetidine (400 mg b.i.d) in duodenal ulcer. Healing rates after two, four and six weeks of treatment, as based on endoscopic evaluation, were 35, 72 and 83 p. 100 for enprostil and 45, 73 and 83 p. 100 for cimetidine, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatment groups. The time to relief of nighttime and daytime ulcer pain and antacid consumption were similar in the two groups. The patient's overall subjective assessment was better in the cimetidine group, but this was not confirmed by physicians' opinions. Diarrhea was observed in 7 p. 100 of patients treated by enprostil compared with 5 p. 100 for patients treated by cimetidine. One enprostil treated patient withdrew from the trial prematurely because of abdominal pain. This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of enprostil in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer at the dosage of 35 micrograms twice daily.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of enprostil in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Comparison with cimetidine]. 249

A case report of a ligamentary ectopic pregnancy that failed to respond to prostaglandin E2 for induced abortion for sepsis at 24 weeks is presented. The 27-year-old nullipara had normal ultrasound findings for gestational age up to 21 weeks gestation. She had consulted at 5 weeks for abdominal pain and bleeding, at 14 weeks again for abdominal pain, shoulder pain and vaginal bleeding, although both times the pain and bleeding resolved spontaneously. She was seen again at 16 and 21 weeks gestation, when ultrasound scans were normal for dates. At 24 weeks, she experienced vaginal discharge of blood and tissue, and was managed as premature rupture of membranes. She became septic 12 days later. She was treated with transcervical PGE2 and iv oxytocin without response for 3 days. Surgical evacuation was successful, but bleeding persisted. During laparotomy she had a large left broad ligament hematoma, a left ruptured uterus, and open left internal iliac artery and vein. These were repaired, and she received 40 units of blood, 8 platelets and 14 of plasma. Only after histology was the diagnosis of ligamentary pregnancy made. The lack of response to PG for abortion should raise suspicion of ectopic pregnancy, although preoperative diagnosis of ligamentary pregnancy is extremely rare.
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PMID:A rare gynecologic contraindication to the use of prostaglandins and oxytocin to induce abortion. A case report. 279 68

A multicentre trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side-effects of an intramuscularly administered PGE2 analogue and vacuum aspiration in women with a delay of up to 21 days in the expected onset of menses. A total of 473 such women were randomly allocated to treatment with either 16-phenoxy-W-17, 18, 19, 20-tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide (three intramuscular injections of 0.5 mg at 3-h intervals) or vacuum aspiration, and the outcome of therapy assessed 1, 2 and 6-8 weeks later. Retrospective analysis of hCG levels indicated that 419 (88.6%) women had been pregnant at the time of treatment. With few exceptions, administration of the PGE2 analogue induced vaginal bleeding in both pregnant and non-pregnant women but the duration and subjectively perceived amount of bleeding were greater than after vacuum aspiration. Both treatments were equally effective. In pregnant women the overall frequency of complete abortion was 91% for prostaglandin treatment and 94% for vacuum aspirations. If non-pregnant women were included, the respective success rates (i.e. percentages of women not pregnant 2 weeks after treatment) were 92% and 95%. Gastrointestinal side-effects and lower abdominal pain requiring intramuscular analgesia were more common after prostaglandin therapy than following vacuum aspiration in both pregnant and non-pregnant women.
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PMID:Menstrual regulation by intramuscular injections of 16-phenoxy-tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide or vacuum aspiration. A randomized multicentre study. World Health Organization Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. 289 72

Prostaglandin E2 is uterotonic. Trimoprostil, a prostaglandin E2 analog, is a gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective agent. The effects of single doses of 0, 0.125, 0.75, and 3.0 mg trimoprostil on intrauterine pressure were measured in a double-blind, crossover study in eight surgically sterile women. The 3 mg dose was not tolerated because of abdominal cramps. The other doses caused a dose-related increase in resting uterine tone and peak pressure with peak effect occurring between 30 and 60 minutes after administration with a duration of about 120 minutes. No effects on the frequency of uterine contractions occurred. Peak mean tone increased from 11.0 to 71.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and peak pressure from 24.6 to 125.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) after placebo compared with the 1.5 mg dose. Adverse reactions included abdominal pain that correlated with an increase in intrauterine pressure and tone.
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PMID:The effect of trimoprostil (trimethyldesoxy prostaglandin E2) on the intrauterine pressure in women. 329 73

This study examines the efficacy of transabdominal intraamniotic injection of prostaglandins (PGs) in therapeutic abortions. Transabdominal amniocentesis was performed under local anesthesia (1% lignocaine) in 27 patients 14-22 weeks pregnant. Uterine activity was monitored. PGF2alpha 25 mg was given as a single intraamniotic injection in the 1st 14 cases. It was given in 3 doses at 24-hourly intervals for 3 successive days in 1 patient. PGE2 was given in 13 patients, 1 mg initially followed by 2 further 1 mg doses at 10-minute intervals. Intravenous oxytocin infusions were used where necessary, as was hysterotomy. Blood samples were collected in 10 patients before and at 4-6 hourly intervals following PGF2alpha administration until abortion occurred, and in 3 patients 40 hours prior to PG administration. A single 25 mg intraamniotic injection of PGF2alpha successfully terminated pregnancy in only 6 of 14 cases. Average-induction delivery interval was 19.52 hours. 6 other patients necessitated intravenous oxytocin infusions to stimulate effective uterine activity; average induction-abortion interval was 59 hours. 2 patients failed to abort, requiring hysterotomy. 7 of 12 vaginally delivered patients had incomplete abortion. Success rate was higher in PGE2-treated patients, with 11 of 13 patients aborting; average induction-delivery interval was 23 hours and 16 minutes. Side effects experienced included severe abdominal pain (for PGF2alpha), vomiting and mild pyrexia (38 degrees Celsius). No consistant change was observed in plasma steroid concentration until after delivery of fetus and placenta occurred. Transamniotic administration of PGE2 appears effective for therapeutic abortion, but not PGF2alpha.
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PMID:Therapeutic abortion by intraamniotic injection of prostaglandins. 480 68

This study investigates the contribution of prostaglandins (PG) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathways in visceral pain induced by peritoneal irritation in rats. Peritoneal irritation was produced by i.p. administration of acetic acid (AA: 0.06-1.0%, 10 ml/kg). Visceral pain was scored by counting abdominal contractions. The effect of CGRP (3-100 microg/kg, i.p.) was also evaluated. Like AA, CGRP induced abdominal pain. Neonatal pretreatment with capsaicin reduced abdominal contractions produced by AA (0.6%) and CGRP (20 microg/kg) with 64.6% and 45.6%, respectively. Abdominal contractions induced by AA and CGRP were blocked by two antinociceptive drugs, mu-and kappa-opioid agonists, morphine and (+/-)-U-50,488H, respectively. Indomethacin (3 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the number of abdominal contractions produced by AA by 78.1%+/-6.4% but did not inhibit abdominal contractions produced by CGRP. The CGRP, receptor antagonist, hCGRP(8-37) (300 microg/kg, i.v.) inhibited AA- and CGRP-induced abdominal contractions with 57.5%+/-12.4% and 51.6%+/-11.3%, respectively. Concomitant i.p. administration of PGE1 and PGE2 (0.3 mg/kg of each) produced abdominal contractions which were inhibited 45.6%+/-9.3% by hCGRP(8-37) (300 microg/kg i.v.). Taken together, these results suggest that peritoneal irritation is likely to trigger the release of prostaglandins, which in turn produces a release of CGRP from primary sensory afferents.
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PMID:Involvement of prostaglandins and CGRP-dependent sensory afferents in peritoneal irritation-induced visceral pain. 925 May 75


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