Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a 39 years-old male hemophilia A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to gastric carcinoma. He had been diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sero-positive in 1990. Since then, he has been treated by the oral administration of zidovudine (AZT), dideoxyinosine (ddI) and intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin. In September 1990, he suddenly complained abdominal pain with bloody stool. His condition deteriorated in spite of our intensive treatment for DIC. He died of multiple organ failure (MOF) due to DIC. The autopsy findings showed gastric carcinoma, defined of signet ring cell carcinoma histopathologically. But neither opportunistic infection nor other cause of DIC were observed.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of AIDS with hemophilia A who died of DIC and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with gastric carcinoma (signet ring cell carcinoma)]. 796 58

One hundred and fifty-one patients intolerant to zidovudine (AZT) received didanosine (ddI) to a maximum dose of 12.5 mg/kg/day. Patient response was assessed using changes in CD4+ lymphocyte subset count, HIV p24 antigen, weight, and quality of life. Seventy patients developed major opportunistic infections whilst on therapy; this was the first AIDS diagnosis in 17. Only minor changes in CD4+ lymphocyte subset count were observed in AIDS patients, although a more significant rise occurred in those with earlier stages of disease. Of those positive for p24 antigen at the commencement of the study 67% showed a positive response, and this was most likely in those with CD4+ lymphocyte subset counts above 100 mm3. A positive weight response was seen in 16% of patients. Most patients showed improvement in individual parameters and global score of quality of life. Adverse reactions possibly attributable to didanosine were common. The most common side-effect was diarrhoea, which resulted in cessation of therapy in 19 individuals. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 12 patients and pancreatitis in six. Thirteen patients developed a raised serum amylase without abdominal pain. Seven patients developed glucose tolerance curves characteristic of diabetes but these were mild, did not require treatment and returned to normal on ceasing didanosine.
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PMID:The use and toxicity of didanosine (ddI) in HIV antibody-positive individuals intolerant to zidovudine (AZT) 832 44

Each year 250 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have the potential to cause pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, blindness, and death. Sometimes the onset of these STDs is symptomless, but the following conditions indicate the presence of an STD: genital discharge, sores, wounds, or blisters; swollen glands in the groin; cauliflower-like growths on the genitals; skin rash; lower abdominal pain in females; painful swelling in the testicles; alopecia; discharge from the eyes; and pain during intercourse. The 5 most common STDs which can be cured with antibiotics are chancroid, chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. By the end of 1994 in Uganda, 390 primary health units will be available for STD treatment, and most health workers will be trained in STD patient management. Since patients will receive the minimum amount of treatment needed to cure the STD, they will be well advised to use the drugs provided. Notification of all recent sex partners is also essential, and sex partners should be evaluated even if they are asymptomatic. Patients are advised to engage in safe sex behavior, including remaining faithful to a monogamous relationship and using condoms, and to seek medical advice if they develop STD symptoms or are exposed to STD. The AIDS virus is also transmitted through sexual intercourse as well as through blood transfusions, from mother to child, and through the use of contaminated needles. HIV infection progresses from a stage where it cannot be detected to an asymptomatic stage to a symptomatic stage. Chronic diarrhea, fever, and weight loss are the major symptoms. There is no treatment for HIV infection, but zidovudine (AZT) can delay progress of the disease. The most important treatment available is counseling and understanding. The Uganda AIDS Commission works to control the disease through education, treatment of STDs, provision of safe blood for transfusion, monitoring, counseling patients, and promoting research. The primary objective in the care of AIDS patients is to improve the quality of their life as much as possible.
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PMID:Telling signs and symptoms. 1231 60

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children and factors associated with adverse effects. The study was performed in a pediatric and perinatal HIV clinic in a tertiary general hospital. Forty-three HIV positive children from the age group of 5 months to 14 years were started on antiretroviral therapy ART. Thirteen patients (30%) had adverse effects related to the ART. Seven patients (16%) had hepatotoxicity, 5 patients (12%) had raised serum amylase without symptomatic pancreatitis, 5 patients (12%) had zidovudine AZT induced anemia, 4 patients (9%) had Nevirapine NVP induced rash, 1 patient (2%) had Didanosine ddI induced pain in abdomen, 1 patient (2%) had Stavudine d4T induced angioedema, and 1 patient (2%) had hepatic steatosis. Five patients (71%) with hepatotoxicity responded to dose adjustment of ART whereas in 2 patients (29%), the elevated liver enzymes resolved on its own. Two patients (40%) with AZT induced anemia required omission of AZT and remaining 3 patients (60%) responded to dosage adjustment. ddI induced abdominal pain, d4T induced angioedema and hepatic steatosis resolved on omitting the respective antiretroviral drug. NVP induced rash and raised serum amylase subsided without any intervention. Hepatotoxicity was seen at higher viral load (Mean = 118608 copies/ml) whereas elevated serum amylase was seen at lower viral load (mean = 37631 copies/ml), which was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). NVP induced rash was seen in early weeks of therapy, serum amylase abnormalities were seen at a mean interval of 0.9 years after starting therapy, hepatotoxicity was seen at a mean interval of 1.7 years and AZT induced anemia was seen at a mean interval of 2.0 years after starting therapy. Adverse effects with antiretroviral drugs in HIV-infected children are quite common. Hepatotoxicity is the commonest adverse effect noted followed by elevated serum amylase and zidovudine induced anemia. Hepatotoxicity is seen at higher viral load as compared to other adverse effects. Most of the adverse effects are reversible on dosage modification or omitting the offending drug.
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PMID:Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children. 1612 3

In HIV-seropositive individuals, the incidence of acute pancreatitis may achieve 40% per year, higher than the 2% found in the general population. Since 1996, when combined antiretroviral therapy, known as HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), was introduced, a broad spectrum of harmful factors to the pancreas, such as opportunistic infections and drugs used for chemoprophylaxis, dropped considerably. Nucleotide analogues and metabolic abnormalities, hepatic steatosis and lactic acidosis have emerged as new conditions that can affect the pancreas. To evaluate the role of antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV/AIDS in a scenario of high incidence of acute pancreatitis in this population, a systematic review was performed, including original articles, case reports and case series studies, whose targets were HIV-seropositive patients that developed acute pancreatitis after exposure to any antiretroviral drugs. This association was confirmed after exclusion of other possible etiologies and/or a recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis after re-exposure to the suspected drug. Zidovudine, efavirenz, and protease inhibitors are thought to lead to acute pancreatitis secondary to hyperlipidemia. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, despite being powerful inhibitors of viral replication, induce a wide spectrum of side effects, including myelotoxicity and acute pancreatitis. Didanosine, zalcitabine and stavudine have been reported as causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis. They pose a high risk with cumulative doses. Didanosine with hydroxyurea, alcohol or pentamidine are additional risk factors, leading to lethal pancreatitis, which is not a frequent event. In addition, other drugs used for prophylaxis of AIDS-related opportunistic diseases, such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and pentamidine, can produce necrotizing pancreatitis. Despite comorbidities that can lead to pancreatic involvement in the HIV/AIDS population, antiretroviral drug-induced pancreatitis should always be considered in the diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes.
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PMID:Antiretroviral drugs and acute pancreatitis in HIV/AIDS patients: is there any association? A literature review. 2472 57