Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the case of a 58 year old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis. About 4 hours after each intramuscular injection of Myochrysin (Sodium-auro-thiomalate 5%) she showed undesired reactions such as sialorrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, apathy, weakness, head ache, breast swelling, perspiration, feeling of incident death. The following day these symptoms declined, the joint pain, however, increased. The reaction recurred with each of the 5 Sodium-auro-thiomalate injections, but not after injections of 5% Solganal (Aurothioglucose). It is supposed that these side effects are connected with the quick absorption of the Sodium-auro-thiomalate in aqueous solution. The Aurothioglucose in oil suspension would not cause such reactions after an intramuscular injection because of its slower absorption.
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PMID:[Reactions against sodium-auro-thiomalate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. 11 3

The long-term effects of neutralized dialysate used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated in 8 well-controlled patients. Twelve milliliters of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was added to Dianeal PD-1 immediately before every administration. The final pH was 6.8 and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate was 6 mmol/l. The final sodium level was 138 mEq/l. This dialysate was used for 5 months. For 2 months before and 3 months after this period, Dianeal PD-2 was used as the dialysate for comparison. Blood bicarbonate levels significantly improved during the use of the neutralized dialysate. Blood sodium, chloride and magnesium levels and the effluent volume significantly increased. Sodium balance improved during the period when neutralized dialysate was used. Total leukocyte counts in the effluent decreased, and leukocyte viability increased. Abdominal distention, abdominal pain during instillation, nausea and headache improved. No side effects, including peritonitis, occurred during the trial of neutralized dialysate. The results suggest that this dialysate was less irritating to the peritoneal membrane than the control dialysate and that the therapeutic effects were satisfactory.
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PMID:Clinical effects of long-term use of neutralized dialysate for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 156 85

Sodium picosulphate (Picolax) is widely used for bowel preparation prior to colonic investigation or surgery. The most troublesome side effect reported is headache, which has been thought to be due to dehydration. In a prospective randomized study we investigated the incidence of adverse effects in patients given Picolax prior to barium enema examination, and assessed the incidence of adverse effects with different oral fluid regimens. A total of 197 outpatients were allocated to one of five fluid regimens on the day prior to the enema: (a) 4 pints of Dioralyte (glucose and electrolyte solution); (b) 4 pints of half-strength Dioralyte; (c) 4 pints of water; (d) 6 pints of water; and (e) free fluids. In a questionnaire, 36% of patients had no headache (graded 0/5), while 38% had a significant headache (graded 3/5 or greater). Sixteen per cent had significant abdominal pain, 42% had dry mouths, 43% thirst and 34% tiredness or irritability. There was no correlation between headache and fluid regimen. Furthermore, we have found no evidence of dehydration. None of the five fluid regimens was shown to offer any advantage, and we therefore recommend that patients be allowed to drink according to thirst when taking Picolax.
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PMID:Colonic preparation with Picolax: patient tolerance and approaches to fluid replacement. 829 30

All patients with new-onset ascites or with known ascites and any change in their condition, such as the appearance of fever, abdominal pain, renal insufficiency, or encephalopathy, should undergo diagnostic paracentesis to characterize the ascitic fluid, detect infection, and aid differential diagnosis. A serum-ascites albumin gradient greater than 1.1 g/dL indicates portal hypertension. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a common and serious complication of ascites and is best diagnosed by the number of neutrophils in the ascitic fluid. Patients with the condition should be treated with parenteral antibiotics, and response to therapy should be assessed with repeated paracentesis. Hospitalized patients with low-protein ascites should receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Sodium restriction and diuretics are the cornerstones of therapy for ascites. In refractory cases, alternative forms of therapy, such as large-volume paracentesis, peritoneovenous shunting, or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting, may be of benefit. Patients with refractory ascites should be considered for liver transplantation.
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PMID:Management of ascites. Paracentesis as a guide. 900 97

There are few studies supporting the effective and safe use of laxatives for constipation. This study examined the short-term efficacy and safety of sodium picosulphate in patients with chronic constipation. Patients with a history of chronic constipation for at least 3 months were randomised to receive 7 mg sodium picosulphate or placebo for three consecutive nights. Patients recorded stool frequency and consistency, straining, bloating, and pain at baseline and during treatment. Vital signs, haematocrit, serum creatinine and electrolytes were monitored. Primary end-point for efficacy was the occurrence of a response to treatment, defined as improvement in stool frequency and occurrence of straining. All 57 randomised patients (sodium picosulphate n = 29, placebo n = 28; mean age 54.8 and 54.1 years) completed the study. Sodium picosulphate produced a treatment response (improved stool frequency and straining) in 82.8% compared with 50% in the placebo group (p = 0.010) and reduced bloating more often than placebo. There were no serious adverse events and one patient with diarrhoea and another with abdominal pain in each treatment group. There were no cardiovascular effects, changes in serum haematocrit, creatinine or electrolytes in either group. This study confirmed that sodium picosulphate is an effective, well-tolerated and safe laxative in the acute treatment of constipation.
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PMID:Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the efficacy and safety of the acute use of sodium picosulphate in patients with chronic constipation. 1750 57

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of Crohn's Disease - Crohn's Colitis. Acute colitis may present with abdominal pain and distention, malabsorption, diarrhea, hematochezia and mucus in the stool. We are beginning to understand the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and animal models of colitis have been essential in advancing our understanding of this disease. One popular model involves supplementing the drinking water of mice with low-molecular weight Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS), resulting in epithelial damage and a robust inflammatory response in the colon lasting several days.Variations of this approach can be used to model acute injury, acute injury followed by repair, and repeated cycles of DSS interspersed with recovery modeling chronic inflammatory diseases. After a single four-day treatment of 3% DSS in drinking water, mice show signs of acute colitis including weight loss, bloody stools, and diarrhea. Mice are euthanized at the conclusion of the treatment course and at necropsy dissected colons are processed and can be 'Swiss rolled" to allow microscopic analysis of the entire colon or infused with formalin as "sausages" to allow macroscopic analysis. Tissue is then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained for histologic review.
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PMID:Murine Colitis modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS). 2008 13

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) have become a popular therapeutic strategy in the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary site of action of SGLT2-i is at the proximal renal convoluted tubule. They work by blocking SGLT2 receptors, sodium-dependent glucose co-transport molecules, which in turn prevents glucose reabsorption, facilitating glucosuria, improving glycaemic control as well as a moderate degree of weight loss. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman admitted to the acute medical unit with abdominal pain and vomiting, who was diagnosed with euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to recent initiation of an SGLT2-i medication (dapagliflozin). Clinicians should be aware of this rare side effect of SGLT2-i, to circumvent delays in patient management.
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PMID:Dapagliflozin (SGLT2-i) induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis. 3178 67