Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Current data concerning epidemiology, clinical picture, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of Avian influenza H5N1, data of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antiviral drugs--neuraminidase inhibitors and M2 channels inhibitors, also the recommendation of WHO for prevention prevalence of infection were discussed in the review. Strategic measures of WHO aims to protect humans from contact with infected poultry, in case of contact, to prevent transmission of this infection from human to human and occurrence of pandemic. Infected birds were the major source of the H5N1 influenza virus among humans in Asia. Mainly humans became infected by eating infected birds, by poor hygiene procedures when cooking infected birds, or by close contact with infected poultry. At present transmission of the H5N1 influenza from human to human by aerosol way hasn't been registered, but ongoing monitoring for identification mutation and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus to human is needed. Season influenza and avian H5N1 influenza differ by the ways of transmission, clinical picture, severity, pathogenesis, response to treatment. Diagnostic of infection is difficult due to non-specific initial symptoms, in most cases disease begins with disturbance of under respiratory ways and in rare cases--from upper respiratory ways. High viral titre is identified in pharynx but not in nose. Initial symptoms of the H5N1 influenza are: fever greater then 38 degrees Celsius, mild cold, cough and shortness of breath, practically all patient have viral pneumonia, later secondary bacterial infection occurs, mild to severe respiratory distress, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Conjunctivitis is rarely diagnosed contrary to season influenza. Sometimes gastrointestinal disorder begins a week early then respiratory symptoms. Complication also includes renal and multi organ failure. The cytokine storm is commonly developed during H5N1 influenza. For treatment and for prevention (under certain conditions) of the H5N1 influenza neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are recommended. Currently circulatory of the H5N1 strains are fully resistant to an older class of antiviral drugs--the M2 channels inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine). The knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment of the H5N1 influenza in humans, in spite of progress isn't complete. Future coordination of scientific investigation of the H5N1 influenza in humans should be provided not only in the countries where infection was revealed, but all around the world.
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PMID:[Epidemiology, clinical picture, prevention and treatment of Avian influenza]. 1657 38

During serious influenza outbreaks, the number of oseltamivir exposures reported to poison centers might be expected to increase. This investigation describes the pattern of oseltamivir ingestions reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2008. Of 298 total ingestions, 91.9% occurred in December-March, 76.8% involved patients aged 0-19 years, 72.5% resulted from therapeutic error, 90.0% were managed on-site, and 80.0% had no effect. The most frequently reported adverse clinical effects were vomiting (7.5%), nausea (3.8%), and abdominal pain (3.8%). Oseltamivir ingestions were reported to Texas poison centers primarily during periods of influenza outbreak. Most involved children, resulted from therapeutic error, and were managed on-site without serious outcome.
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PMID:Pattern of oseltamivir ingestions reported to Texas poison centers. 2001 12

Oseltamivir was developed for prophylactic and therapeutic use against influenza, specifically targeting the viral enzyme's highly-conserved active site. In recent years, there have been case reports of neuropsychiatric events during or after oseltamivir treatment, in Japan and other countries. However, a search of the literature revealed no such cases in South Korea. We present the case of a 15-year-old female adolescent diagnosed with depressive episode after taking oseltamivir. Oseltamivir is generally well tolerated. Its most frequent adverse effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In influenza patients taking oseltamivir, neuropsychiatric adverse events include delirium, behavioral disturbance, suicide, delusion, panic attack, convulsion, depressed mood, loss of consciousness, etc. Reportedly, such neuropsychiatric adverse events were more common in children than in adults and generally occurred within 48 hours of administration. Here, we report a retrospective review case of an oseltamivir-related neuropsychiatric event in a female adolescent in South Korea.
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PMID:Oseltamivir (tamiflu) induced depressive episode in a female adolescent. 2125 16

Oseltamivir, an established oral anti-influenza medication, increases the risk of ischemic colitis. Baloxavir marboxil is a novel oral anti-influenza medication, and few studies have evaluated its potential side effects, including ischemic colitis. Moreover, as influenza A can also induce ischemic colitis, drug-induced colitis associated with anti-influenza medication is not clearly understood. In this report, we describe the case of a 62-year-old Japanese woman who developed acute ischemic colitis after taking baloxavir for influenza A. The day after taking baloxavir (day 2), the patient experienced abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. On day 3, she had developed hematochezia and decided to visit our hospital. Upon presentation, inflammation of the descending and sigmoid colon was detected by abdominal echography and computed tomography. Fluid replacement therapy and dietary restrictions were initiated. On day 4, the inflammation of the descending colon and marked intestinal edema were confirmed by colonoscopy. She was clinically diagnosed with ischemic colitis, from which she recovered completely by day 9. This case suggests that patients taking baloxavir may be at risk of developing ischemic colitis with hematochezia and underscores the need to further study the induction of this condition by commonly used oral anti-influenza agents.
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PMID:Acute ischemic colitis with hematochezia related to baloxavir marboxil treatment for influenza A. 3117 33

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including abnormal behavior, after oseltamivir use among influenza patients have been of concern. In recent years, many case reports of neuropsychiatric events during or after oseltamivir treatment were reported; however, literature review revealed no such cases in Lebanon. Oseltamivir is the most widely prescribed medication against influenza and is generally well tolerated, causing random gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. However, in rare instances, it has been reported to stimulate behavioral activities in adolescents. We report herein a case of an oseltamivir-related neuropsychiatric event in a female adolescent in Lebanon, which resolved 2 days after stopping the drug.
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PMID:Oseltamivir-induced behavioral changes in a female Lebanese adolescent: a case report of a usual drug with unusual side effect. 3323 3