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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 6,099 children treated for malignancy, 16 (ages 3.5 to 18 years) developed acute appendicitis between 1962 and 1989. Fourteen had leukemia (ALL 10, AML 4). One each had rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Active malignancy at diagnosis was noted in 10, 4 of whom had severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count less than 500/mm3). Of all the leukemics (2,794/6,099), abdominal pain during induction was a frequent complaint. The incidence of appendicitis, however, was low (0.5%). Nine of the 16 patients presented classically, facilitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. Six diagnoses were delayed. Three of these patients presented atypically with vague, nonlocalized pain, abdominal distention, lack of abdominal guarding, fever, dehydration, diarrhea, and unusual symptoms such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In each of these 6 patients the appendix was ruptured. Delays led to complications and deaths. Three patients required perioperative transfusions to treat excessive bleeding and two patients with ruptured appendicitis developed wound abscesses. Two patients died; in one, ruptured appendix was diagnosed only at autopsy. The other patient died of uncontrolled sepsis. Typhlitis occurring during induction chemotherapy may present similarly and is the main differential diagnosis. Typhlitis will usually improve with medical treatment alone. Nausea and vomiting (13/16), right lower quadrant pain (13/16), guarding (14/16), tachycardia (12/16), fever (10/16), and rebound tenderness (10/16) were the most frequent signs and symptoms of appendicitis. Persistent localized abdominal pain and guarding, lack of improvement with medical treatment, clinical deterioration, and the development of a mass were our indications for laparotomy. Despite major improvements in therapy, there is still a 37.5% error rate in our ability to accurately diagnose appendicitis in pediatric cancer patients.
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PMID:Acute appendicitis in children with leukemia and other malignancies: still a diagnostic dilemma. 152 62

We found colitis in 11 of 14 children, 4 months to 7 yr after surgical diversion of the colon for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Colonoscopic examination was incidental during placement of a catheter for colon manometry and transit studies. All 14 children had complained of diffuse, poorly localized abdominal pain, but only three had a history of bloody stools. Diversion colitis had not previously been suspected in six of eight affected children without hematochezia. Biopsies showed a nonspecific acute and chronic inflammation and/or nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. There was no correlation between the duration of the colonic diversion and the severity of the colitis. Diversion colitis may be an indolent inflammatory nidus and a potential cause for repeated bacteremia, abdominal pain, and bleeding.
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PMID:Diversion colitis in children with severe gastrointestinal motility disorders. 172 31

Infants with ureteropelvic junction obstruction usually present with an abdominal mass or a urinary tract infection, which generally leads to prompt diagnosis. In children over age six, the diagnosis is often delayed because they frequently present with poorly localized abdominal pain simulating functional or gastrointestinal illness. Children with unexplained abdominal pain should undergo urologic evaluation, even if urinalysis and urine culture are negative. Ultrasonography is useful for detecting hydronephrosis.
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PMID:Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children. 670 43

Segmental infarction of the omentum is an unusual cause of the acute or "semi-acute" abdomen. Because of its rarity, the nonspecificity of its signs and symptoms and the almost total lack of information regarding its natural history, it is very rarely diagnosed correctly prior to laparotomy or autopsy. We report a 51-year old obese woman with chronic hypertension, congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency, who developed recurrent severe abdominal pain. The diagnosis of primary omental disease was entertained because of the triad of persistent localized abdominal pain, lack of grossly disturbed visceral function and the presence of hemoperitoneum. This was confirmed by laparotomy.
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PMID:Segmental infarction of the omentum: a cause of the semi-acute abdomen. 723 23

In patients with infectious mononucleosis, abdominal pain is usually attributed to visceral enlargement. A teenage girl with symptoms of appendicitis was found at laparotomy to have mesenteric adenitis. Postoperatively, she developed classic features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced mononucleosis. The lymphoproliferation characteristic of EBV infection can cause severe localized abdominal pain that predates the onset of mononucleosis.
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PMID:Pseudoappendicitis preceding infectious mononucleosis. 981 2

Segmental infarction of the omentum and epiploic appendages presents with acute abdominal findings that may be confused with a surgical illness. Computed tomography, however, demonstrates a consistent and well-recognized pattern that allows safe, nonoperative treatment. Infarction of omental or mesenteric fat may present clinically as localized peritonitis, mimicking appendicitis, diverticulitis, or cholecystitis. Spontaneous recovery without operation is to be expected if an accurate diagnosis is established. We describe the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of 15 patients who had infarction of the greater omentum (eight) and epiploic appendage (seven) and presented with localized abdominal pain and tenderness, with six demonstrating regional peritonitis and fever. All underwent CT imaging during their initial evaluation, and 12 of the 15 patients were diagnosed with focal omental or mesenteric fat infarction radiographically and managed nonoperatively. Three patients who had characteristic CT findings nevertheless underwent operation. All patients had complete resolution of their abdominal pain regardless of treatment. The clinical presentation of infarction of the omental or epiploic appendages may be difficult to differentiate from surgical causes of acute abdominal pain. The characteristic findings on computed tomography are diagnostic and allow safe, conservative management in the majority of patients.
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PMID:Accurate diagnosis of infarction of omentum and appendices epiploicae by computed tomography. 1552 36

We report the case of a 23 year-old obese female, with previously diagnosed situs inversus below the diaphragm, who presented with severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain. The patient was believed to have a surgical indication, possibly appendicitis or diverticulitis, and had an emergent abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan. The CT was interpreted as epiploic appendagitis with no signs of appendicitis. Epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain, which involves the torsion and eventual necrosis of one of the epiploic appendages. This case was complicated by the fact that the patient had situs inversus below the diaphragm, which made it difficult to relate her localized abdominal pain to the correct anatomic area. The diagnosis allowed the patient to avoid invasive surgery and instead opt for conservative medical management. The utilization of radiologic imaging is of utmost importance in diagnosing this condition, which has characteristic findings on CT, US, and MR, all of which is discussed in this article.
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PMID:Epiploic appendagitis in a female patient with situs ambiguous abnormality. 2247 Jun 80

Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a commonly overlooked source of chronic abdominal wall pain. A diagnosis of ACNES should be considered in cases of severe, localized abdominal pain that is accentuated by physical activity. Providers should consider diagnosing ACNES once a patient has both a positive result from a Carnett's test and precise localization of pain. We describe the use of transversus abdominus plane (TAP) blocks to treat ACNES in the pediatric patient population. TAP blocks are a treatment modality which have been described less frequently in the management of this syndrome, with rectus sheath blocks being used more commonly. TAP blocks can be used effectively for ACNES by targeting the site of maximal tenderness, which was identified using ultrasound guidance. Moreover, TAP blocks are an attractive procedure option for ACNES as they are less invasive than other commonly used techniques. We present 3 case series reports of pediatric patients evaluated at our institution for severe abdominal pain to describe the clinical manifestations, sequelae, and outcome of ACNES. Though the exact incidence of ACNES in the pediatric population is unknown, this condition has significant implications from chronic pain. Chronic pain can lead to significant emotional and social impacts on these pediatric patients, as well as their on their families. Further, the extensive utilization of health care resources is impacted when children with undiagnosed ACNES undergo invasive treatments when ACNES is not in the early differential. The purpose of this case series report is to prompt better recognition of the condition ACNES, and to highlight the efficacy of TAP blocks as a management strategy.
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PMID:Use of targeted transversus abdominus plane blocks in pediatric patients with anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. 2524 12

Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is a relatively uncommon, non-surgical situation that clinically mimics other conditions requiring surgery. In PEA, torsion and inflammation of an epiploic appendix results in localized abdominal pain. This condition may be clinically misdiagnosed, resulting in unnecessary surgical intervention. We report the unusual case of a healthy 44-year-old man, who presented to the 417 NIMTS Military Veterans' Fund Hospital of Athens with non-migratory left lower quadrant abdominal pain, which had started 24 hours before admission. The patient described a constant, sharp, non-radiating pain. He had no symptoms of nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, or fever. Abdominal examination showed focal abdominal tenderness with slight rebound tenderness. The diagnosis of PEA of the sigmoid colon was made based on the findings of an abdominal contrast computed tomography (CT). The key findings of CT were an oval lesion with a maximum diameter of 2.4 cm, with fat attenuation, and a circumferential hyperdense ring located adjacent to the sigmoid colon. This case is presented to highlight the clinical characteristics of PEA, which may help clinicians to overcome this diagnostic dilemma and reach the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:The Diagnostic Dilemma of Primary Epiploic Appendagitis and How to Establish a Diagnosis. 2716 97

The protective role of Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) in malaria endemic areas has been proved, and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, while the association with malaria is considered rare. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal ultrasound for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic lesions suggestive of abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, copro-parasitologic exam were negative; endocarditis was excluded. He underwent further blood exams and abdomen MRI, confirming the presence of signal alterations areas, with radiographic appearance of recent post-infarction outcomes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a percentage of HbS of 40.6% and a diagnosis of SCT was then made. Splenic infarction should be taken into account in patients with malaria and localized abdominal pain. Moreover, diagnosis of SCT should be considered.
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PMID:A Strange Manifestation of Malaria in a Native Nigerian Boy. 2932


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