Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-four pregnant women with acute appendicitis presented at Parkland Memorial Hospital during a 15-year period. Abdominal pain, usually accompanied by nausea with or without vomiting, was the most common presenting symptom. Anorexia was less constant, and its occurrence decreased with advancing gestation. Physical findings usually included direct abdominal tenderness and, less often, rebound tenderness. Leukocytosis and/or a "left shift" were common laboratory findings, and the urinalysis was normal in most cases. Diagnosis was increasingly difficult as gestation progressed. This was reflected both by the increasing severity of the disease process found at surgery and by increasing fetal loss. If the diagnosis of appendicitis is suspected in the gravid patient, immediate surgical intervention is indicated to prevent the catastrophic complications associated with procrastination in diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Appendicitis complicating pregnancy. 112 71

Periostitis pubis is a clinical syndrome previously undescribed in the literature. It is characterized by lower abdominal pain that may have persisted for several weeks to several years. Physical findings are limited to tenderness in one of the lower abdominal quadrants and over the os pubis on the affected side. The diagnosis can be confirmed by injecting lidocaine hydrochloride into the area of point tenderness over the os pubis, which should relieve tenderness in both sites. An elaborate laboratory workup is not necessary. The condition can be cured with an injection of prednisolone tebutate at the site of tenderness over the os pubis.
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PMID:Chronic abdominal pain due to periostitis pubis. A new syndrome. 172 68

Rates of genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis were determined prospectively in 396 sexually active female adolescents from three ethnically different urban teen clinics. The organisms were identified respectively in cultures of specimens from 21%, 7% and 6% of all adolescents; 28%, 16% and 20% of blacks; 23%, 4% and 2% of Hispanics, and 14%, 2% and 1% of whites. C trachomatis was identified in specimens from 27% of pregnant adolescents and from 42% of adolescents who had gonorrhea or trichomoniasis. Of 85 Chlamydia-positive adolescents, 47 (55%) were asymptomatic. Physical findings significantly associated (P <.001) with chlamydial infection were vaginal discharge, cervical inflammation and mucopurulent endocervical discharge. Not significantly associated (P >.05) with Chlamydia were the use of oral contraception or symptoms of lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge or dysuria. Because in sexually active female adolescents C trachomatis is three times more common than N gonorrhoeae, care givers need to consider routine screening or epidemiologic treatment (or both) for both pathogens.
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PMID:Epidemiologic and clinical factors of Chlamydia trachomatis in black, Hispanic and white female adolescents. 403 12

Eighty-four cases of schistosomiasis mekongi among Cambodian refugees in holding centres in Thailand received praziquantel at 30 mg/kg body-weight orally twice in one day. Those treated were admitted to hospital in order to observe side effects for 24 hours. Assessment of the efficacy of praziquantel was based on cure rates. Side effects observed consisted primarily of abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, emesis and headache. These were generally mild and transient. Physical signs revealed mild hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The cure rate obtained one month after treatment was 97.5% and by 2 to 12 months after treatment reached 100%.
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PMID:Treatment of Schistosoma mekongi with praziquantel in Cambodian refugees in holding centres in Prachinburi Province, Thailand. 648 54

Psittacosis, also referred to as ornithosis, is a disease primarily of birds, which may be transmitted to humans. Psittacosis is caused by Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular parasite found worldwide. Humans are infected with C. psittaci when the organism enters the blood stream, usually through inhalation of dried excrement from diseased birds or through wound contamination with infected avian secretions. C. psittaci replicates in the liver and spleen and infects the lung and other organs hematogenously.1 The clinical manifestations of human psittacosis range from a mild respiratory infection to a severe systemic illness.1,2 Symptoms are frequently described as flu-like with fever, headache, body aches, and dry or productive cough. Sore throat, chest pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea are variably present. Physical findings may include a pulse-temperature dissociation, localized lung crackles, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and a pale macular skin rash. Chest radiographs may demonstrate lesions that are atelectatic, patchy, miliary, nodular, or consolidated in one or both lungs. White cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and liver function tests are usually normal. In severe illness, signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction, neurological impairment, and respiratory and renal failure may be present. Since 1879 when psittacosis was recognized as a disease entity, cases have been reported in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. However, reports of psittacosis in Africa have been rare. An Ethiopian group, studying community-acquired pneumonia, published what they claimed to be the first report of psittacosis in Africa in 1994.3 The report published here is believed to be the first documented case of human psittacosis in Egypt.
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PMID:Psittacosis in Egypt: A Case Study. 981 79

The therapeutic effects of loxiglumide on human acute pancreatitis was investigated in 104 Japanese institutes from October 1992 to March 1994. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed by the Japanese Criteria of Acute Pancreatitis. Soon after the diagnosis was made, one of three doses of loxiglumide (100, 300 and 500 mg/day) were injected intravenously twice a day for 14 days. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by clinical signs, physical signs, and biochemical findings. 189 patients were included in this trial. The clinical signs, such as abdominal pain, disappeared in 20% of the patients on the 1st day after treatment, and the rate of improvements increased thereafter. Physical signs also improved. Serum amylase levels returned to normal within 3 days after treatment, and serum lipase showed almost the same changes as serum amylase levels, but serum lipase levels in the high-dose group (500 mg/day) returned to normal more quickly compared with the other two doses. It is concluded that the cholecystokinin A receptor antagonist, loxiglumide, may become a useful drug in the treatment of acute pancreatitis in man, although more detailed investigations are needed.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of cholecystokinin-A- receptor antagonist (loxiglumide) for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. A preliminary clinical trial. Study Group of Loxiglumide in Japan. 1002 38

In its simplest and most succinct definition, heart failure can be defined as an inability of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Despite the diverse etiologies of heart failure in the pediatric population, the presentation of heart failure represents a common constellation of symptoms, signs, and physical findings. In infants, an inability to maintain growth either secondary to decreased nutritional intake or an increased catabolic state is a hallmark of heart failure. Infants exhibit increased sympathetic tone with excessive diaphoresis and increased heart rate. Physical findings in the infants with congestive heart failure (CHF) include increased work of breathing, tachypnea and hepatomegaly. In older children, in contrast, new onset heart failure may be less overtly symptomatic. Malaise, decrease in the level of daily activity, and weight loss may be present. Symptoms of abdominal pain and nausea and anorexia can be present and sometimes divert attention from the real etiology. Physical findings include rales and peripheral edema. If there is hepatomegaly, there will likely be hepatic tenderness as well. A gallop rhythm and tachycardia are commonly present. The long-term treatment of CHF in children includes digoxin, diuretics and afterload reduction with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Digoxin decreases sympathetic tone and improves growth in infants. Diuretics should be used to relieve symptoms but may not be necessary in all children. ACE inhibitors are increasingly valuable in maintaining cardiac function long term. New uses of medications include the addition of spironalactone (Aldactone, G. D. Searle & Co., Chicago, IL) which, in adults, has been shown to significantly decrease both the death rate from CHF and the need for hospitalization. Beta-Blockers have been used in children in limited studies and may have a role in the treatment of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical treatment, such as partial vectriculectomy, has shown short-term benefit and has been used sparingly in infants.
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PMID:Treatment of heart failure in infants and children. 1172 82

Acute aortic dissection is an uncommon but lethal cause of acute chest, back, and abdominal pain. Establishing a timely diagnosis is paramount, as mortality from acute aortic dissection rises by the hour. Physical findings are protean and may include acute aortic valve insufficiency, peripheral pulse deficits, a variety of neurologic deficits, or end-organ ischemia. The keys to establishing a timely diagnosis are maintaining a high index of suspicion and quickly obtaining a diagnostic study. CT angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, transesophageal echocardiography, and, to a lesser extent, aortography are all highly accurate imaging modalities. The choice of study should be driven by the clinical stability of the patient, the information required and the resources available at presentation. Proximal dissections are surgical emergencies, but distal dissections are generally treated medically. Endovascular stents are gaining favor for use in the repair of both acute and chronic distal dissections. Long-term outcome data for endovascular stenting are still limited, and it remains unclear when stenting should be favored over surgery or medical therapy.
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PMID:Acute aortic dissection. 1721 79

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to intensive care with severe hyponatraemia. She suffered from lower abdominal pain, vomiting and irritability since one week. Physical findings showed euvolemia and an altered mental status with severe agitation and slurred speech. Abdominal examination was painful but there were no signs of peritonitis. Laboratory data were compatible with the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Since patient was in a premenstrual phase, recently started to take an oral contraceptive and since no abnormalities were seen on an abdominal CT scan, the presentation was considered suggestive of an acute porphyria attack. A urinary sample indicated markedly increased levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen and uroporphyrin. A low activity of the porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. The present case demonstrates the need for a high level of suspicion in order to diagnose this disorder in unexplained syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and prevent life-threatening complications.
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PMID:An unusual cause of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. 1904 8