Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the commonest single cause of fatal poisoning in the U.K. (Broome & Pearson, 1988). The clinical features are numerous and include headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, paraesthesia, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea as well as coma, convulsions and death. Without adequate treatment many patients develop neuropsychiatric sequelae including headaches, irritability, memory loss, confusion and personality changes. The diagnosis of CO poisoning is often suggested only by circumstances surrounding the victim, and remains a challenge to the A&E department. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is internationally accepted as the most powerful form of treatment in severe cases (Drug & Therapeutics Bulletin, 1988; Lowe-Ponsford & Henry, 1989). However, in the U.K. treatment with HBO is often not considered due to lack of hyperbaric facilities (Meredith & Vale, 1988; Anand et al., 1988), and due to inadequate awareness on the part of hospital staff. We report a case of a patient deeply unconscious as a result of CO poisoning, in which serial treatments with HBO over a period of 14 days, produced dramatic results.
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PMID:Management of the moribund carbon monoxide victim. 811 Mar 42

Pain causes considerable disability and discomfort in HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infected individuals. A large number of patients infected with HIV suffer from one or more pain-related syndromes. Pain is under-reported and suboptimally managed in these patients. An outline of the different pain syndromes, including headache, oral cavity pain, chest pain, abdominal pain, anorectal pain, musculoskeletal pain and peripheral neuropathic pain, and their aetiologies are discussed. Current pain management modalities, including non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, physical therapy and psychological techniques, are outlined. Treatment should be based on the same principles applied to the management of cancer-related pain. A multi-disciplinary, comprehensive approach to pain management will assist these individuals to achieve improved levels of comfort, function and quality of life in this ultimately terminal illness.
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PMID:Pain syndromes in HIV infection. 139 63

Asymptomatic biliary lithiasis can be defined as biliary lithiasis having determined no complication and no episode of biliary pain. Biliary pain is a consequence of acute increase of pressure inside the biliary tract. The increased pressure is induced by a stone transiently obstructing the cystic duct or the Oddi sphincter. In most patients, the site of the pain is epigastric. The level of the pain is high. The duration of the episode of biliary pain is usually less than 5 hours. Abdominal pain having other characteristics, dyspepsia, and headache are not related to biliary lithiasis.
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PMID:[Definition of asymptomatic biliary lithiasis]. 141 Nov 66

Sixty-eight proved cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reviewed in a retrospective study covering 5 years (1986-1990). Patients within the age range of 10 to 39 years constituted 82.3 per cent of cases and there was equal incidence in both sexes. The mean duration of illness before presentation was 9.67 days. The major clinical features were fever (97%), abdominal tenderness (-9.4%), headache and abdominal pain (70.58%) each). Intestinal perforation was the commonest complication (27.9%) with a male preponderance (M:F-3:1). Perforation occurred after the first week of illness in 73.7 per cent of cases. Fourteen out of the nineteen patients who perforated were not on therapy at the time of perforation and they constituted 80 per cent of those cases of mortality in which perforation played a role. Surgical management of perforation gave better results than conservative management (mortality rates of 16.7% and 40% respectively). Salmonella was sensitive to Chloramphenicol in all the cases where the organism was grown. There were 10 recorded deaths (14.9%) of whom 60 per cent (i. e. 6 patients) presented after two weeks of illness.
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PMID:Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a retrospective study. 141

Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is effective and well tolerated as an antiemetic for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is rapidly absorbed after oral administration (tmax 1.9 h) with an absolute bioavailability of around 60%. Its terminal elimination half-life is 3.5 h and it is extensively hepatically metabolized. Plasma clearance is 0.38 litre h-1 kg-1 and volume of distribution is 1.8 litre kg-1. Plasma clearance is reduced by age (31% reduction) and hepatic failure (80% reduction in severe failure). In patients undergoing general anaesthesia there is a slight prolongation of terminal half-life, which is not of clinical significance. Ondansetron is very well tolerated in volunteer studies. Headache, mild abdominal pain, and constipation occur infrequently. There is no evidence for effects of ondansetron on cardiac function (electrocardiogram, cardiac output, blood pressure and heart rate), and haemostatic function in volunteers and patients. Respiratory depression induced during general anaesthesia is not potentiated by ondansetron. No drug interactions have been noted with temazepam, atracurium, alfentanil and alcohol in man. There are also no interactions seen in animal studies using pentobarbitone, morphine, neostigmine, prednisolone and diazepam.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting. 142 20

An outbreak of municipal water-associated food poisoning by Salmonella Enteritidis occurred in Takatoh Town. Nagano prefecture during September 4 to 19, 1989. The major symptoms observed in the 680 patients consisted of diarrhea (70.9%), abdominal pain (51.2%), fever (44.6%), headache (27.9%), nausea (5.9%) and vomiting (5.7%). In the outbreak, S. Enteritidis was the only suspected etiological agent isolated from both patients and municipal water supply. All of the 21 isolates were lysine decarboxylase activity negative. In other respects, the isolates conformed to the general characteristics of Salmonella. All of them were further characterized by phagovar 8 type, uniform drug susceptibilities and carrying 2.7 kb plasmid. Inspite of the evidence that the infection caused by a peculiar strain linked to the strain in municipal water supply used by the patients, it was impossible to determine the exact source of contamination in the water. The outbreak above seems to be the most large-scale among those of Salmonella found poisoning associated with drinking water in Japan.
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PMID:[An outbreak of municipal water-associated food poisoning caused by Salmonella enteritidis]. 143 57

We reported the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) for the treatment of 27 patients with strongyloidiasis. Twenty-seven patients, 23 males and 4 females, received 200 mg of ABZ one hour before breakfast and supper for 3 days and this treatment was repeated 2 weeks later. The following results were obtained: 1) The eradication rate at 2 weeks after the initial treatment was 70.4% (19 of 27 patients) and 2 weeks after the second course was 66.7% (16 of 24 patients). 2) One patients (3.7%) complained of abdominal pain after the first treatment. Four patients (14.8%) complained of headache (n = 2), nausea (n = 1) and exanthema (n = 1) after the second treatment. But all symptoms were mild and required no treatment and subsided in a few days. 3) Positive rate of HTLV-1 antibody was 45.8% in the patients. As described above, side effects occurred in some cases, although they were mild and transient. From these results, it can be concluded that on increased dose of ABZ could be much more favorable for the treatment of strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:[Clinical study of albendazole therapy for strongyloidiasis]. 143 82

Between May 29 and September 13, 1991, 4 patients developed acute intravascular hemolysis during hemodialysis with Monitral-S delivery systems and Hospal BSM A77 blood lines. All had malaise, nausea and headache; 3 had severe abdominal pain and 2 became very ill. Plasma hemoglobins were 3-21 g/l and LDH 542-3,300 IU in the 4 patients. Hepatoglobin became unmeasurable in 3 and was 0.09 g/l in the 4th patient. Soon afterwards, we found the arterial blood line tightly kinked at the dialyzer inlet port in the 4th patient and released it; he developed abdominal pain, hemolysis was present. We then found these lines had an extra long pump segment, and the rest was short and fitted poorly. When put in the first tubing organizer, severe kinking could occur just after the pump segment, causing back pressure but no alarm. We produced early visible hemolysis in a 1-liter circulating closed loop blood system with the blood line kinked either at the dialyzer inlet or just below the first arterial line tubing organizer with 40 g/l free plasma hemoglobin by 30 min. We excluded reported causes of intravascular hemolysis during hemodialysis. No hemolysis occurred before or during the 9 months after we discarded BSM A77 lines. The evidence indicates that kinked blood lines caused the hemolysis.
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PMID:Hemodialysis intravascular hemolysis and kinked blood lines. 143 36

Data from four double-blind studies of the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis were combined. For 4 to 12 weeks, 747 patients received Arthrotec, a combination of 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 micrograms of misoprostol, and 754 patients received 50 mg of diclofenac; the drugs were given twice or three times daily. The five most commonly reported adverse events were abdominal pain by 23.2% of the diclofenac/misoprostol patients and 19.8% of the diclofenac patients; diarrhea by 19.9% and 11.3%; nausea by 11.8% and 6.5%; dyspepsia by 11.2% and 7.8%; and flatulence by 8.0% and 3.1%. Other adverse events, reported by similar proportions of both treatment groups, included headache, gastritis, dizziness, vomiting, and constipation. In the diclofenac/misoprostol-treated patients, the abdominal pain and diarrhea were rated mild in 30.6% and 24.3%, moderate in 49.1% and 51.4%, and severe in 20.2% and 24.3%. Serious adverse events occurred in eight of the diclofenac/misoprostol-treated patients and in 13 of the diclofenac-treated patients; 12.6% and 10.1%, respectively, were withdrawn from the study because of adverse events. Results of laboratory tests of hepatic and renal function were similar in the two treatment groups.
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PMID:Overall safety of Arthrotec. 143 22

Researchers analyzed data on 1572 18-44 year old women attending 1 of 10 institutions in 7 provinces and cities in China to examine the side effects of oral administration of 600 mg RU-486 followed by 1 mg of a prostaglandin (PG05) vaginal suppository and this combination's efficacy in terminating early pregnancy. Incomplete abortion occurred in 4.8% of the women; continuation of pregnancy, in 3.9%. 91.2% of the women experienced a complete abortion, which took an average of 2.4 days. Just 3.3% of the women experienced expulsion before insertion of the PG05 vaginal suppository. 81% expelled the fetal sac within 6 hours after PG05 insertion. 88% of women with complete abortion had bleeding on day 2 or 3 and bled on average 11.7 days. 24.5% experienced bleeding for more than 14 days; the bleeding was heavy for 47.4% of them. 1 women bled so profusely she required 2 blood transfusions. The leading side effects were nausea and vomiting (22.3%), abdominal pain (10.2%), headache and dizziness (4.1%), diarrhea (2.8%), and thirst (1.2%). 79.5-96.2% of subjects considered these side effects to be mild or moderate. The side effects persisted for 17-36 hours. None of the women experienced any serious complications that sometimes occur with intramuscularly injected prostaglandins. 92% of the women who experienced complete abortion considered this method to be at least good. The corresponding figure for the incomplete abortion and failed groups was 26.3% and 41.9%, respectively. The researchers concluded that this combination was effective and safe for termination of early pregnancy. They suggested that health workers counsel the women before treatment to increase tolerance of the mild to moderate side effects.
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PMID:Clinical trial on termination of early pregnancy with RU486 in combination with prostaglandin. 145 16


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