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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and biopsy findings in 14 cases of nephropathia epidemica. The patients were between 19 and 49 years of age. The onset of the disease was characterized by high fever, nausea, headache, backache, abdominal pain, proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, and uremia. The symptoms subsided rapidly during the polyuria phase, which followed the oliguria stage. Because of renal failure, hemodialysis was required in eight cases. Edema of eyelids, conjunctival injection and hemorrhages, transitory myopia, and acute glaucoma were the most common eye abnormalities. Renal biopsy specimens showed glomerular changes, with mild swelling of the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, thickening of the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries, glomerular adhesions, inflammatory cell infiltration, leukocytoclasis and hemorrhages in the interstitium, and eosinophilic hyaline degeneration and vacuolization of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubuli.
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PMID:Nephropathia epidemica. The Scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 1 20

We conducted a prospective study in a prepaid primary-care practice (health-maintenance organization) of a system in which nurses and physician assistants used protocols, and compared the efficiency and costs of this "new-health-practitioner" protocol system to a physician-only nonprotocol system. In five months, we studied 472 patients with any of four common acute complaints--respiratory infections, urinary and vaginal infections, headache, and abdominal pain; a subset of 203 patients was randomly allocated between the two systems. In the new-health-practitioner system physician time per patient was reduced by 92 per cent, from 11.8 to 0.9 minutes, and average visit costs--including practitioner time and charges for laboratory tests and medications--were 20 per cent less (P = 0.01). We conclude that this protocol system saves physician time and reduces costs.
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PMID:Efficiency and cost of primary care by nurses and physician assistants. 2 95

Low-lactose milk was produced by incubating cow's milk with yeast lactase. Sixteen lactose tolerant and 15 intolerant volunteers ingested 500 ml of the product twice daily for 1 month. During the testing period all subjects received on three occasions the same volume of unmodified milk in double-blind tests. Symptoms recorded throughout the study and for an additional 15 day base-line observation period were: diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention, flatulence, heartburn, and headache. Low-lactose milk acceptance was excellent. No significant differences were found between tolerants and intolerants during the base-line period and while ingesting low-lactose milk. By contrast, unmodified milk induced severe symptoms only in the intolerants. Availability of low-lactose milk and of its by-products allows consumption of greater volumes of this highly nutritious food by subjects with lactose intolerance with none or less symptoms compared to unmodified milk.
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PMID:Long-term acceptance of low-lactose milk. 11 42

12 patients with adverse reactions to foods are discussed, including 1 with biopsy-proven ulcerative proctitis. 10 had predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting) and two had rhinitis and headache. Skin tests (in all but two) and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in some patients were negative. All of the patients were challenged in hospital with the offending food, either alone or preceded by a prostaglandin synthetase-inhibiting drug (aspirin, indomethacin or Ibuprofen). In 11 of the 12 patients this premedication prevented both the gastrointestinal and the more remote symptoms. Blood and stool prostaglandin measurements (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) showed changes which correlated with clinical symptoms and did not occur if one of the inhibiting drugs had been given prior to challenge.
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PMID:Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and food intolerance. 11 24

An analysis is presented of 10 clinical studies from various countries where levamisole 50--150 mg was compared to pyrantel, piperazine, and placebo in a total of 1,734 patients, mostly children (levamisole: 830, controls: 904), suffering from ascariasis either as a single infection or usually mixed with other nematode infections. Degree of infection and efficacy of treatment were determined by quantitative coproparasitological methods. Levamisole produced higher cure rates (91%) and egg reduction rates (98%) than pyrantel, piperazine, or placebo. The efficacy of levamisole was unrelated to the patients' sex and age, the severity of infection, the presence of another worm infection, the type of associated worm infections, or the egg-counting technique. The overall incidence of reported adverse reactions was lower after levamisole than after piperazine, pyrantel or placebo; abdominal pain and headache, the most frequent complaints after levamisole, were related to the initial severity of ascariasis. Follow-up examinations 6 months after treatment suggested that levamisole might delay reinfection.
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PMID:Levamisole in ascariasis. A multicenter controlled evaluation. 36 55

Since 1974 an epidemic of tertian malaria has been spreading around the Adana and Tarsus townships in southern Turkey, with a peak incidence of 115 500 cases in 1977. A further increase is to be expected because the insect vectors have become resistant to insecticides. Since 1975 eleven children and three adults have been treated for P. vivax malaria. They had all stayed in the epidemic area during the transmission season which lasts from July to October. Because of a long primary latent period seven patients only developed first manifestations of the disease six to nine months after leaving Turkey. The classical malarial paroxysms were missing during the first weeks of the primary attack. Several children had a febrile illness over weeks with headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, high blood-sedimentation rate and severe haemolytic anaemia, so that appendicitis or septicaemia had been suspected. Tetracyclines and trimethroprimsulphamethoxazole were able to suppress the disease without preventing relapses.
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PMID:[Tertian malaria in children and adults from an epidemic region in southern Turkey (author's transl)]. 36 41

Silastic implants containing the progestin, levonorgestrel, were tested as long-term contraceptives in 101 women. After three full years of exposure and 2,998 woman-months of use, no pregnancies had occurred. The continuation rates were 87% at 12 months, 79% at 24 months and 66% at 36 months. The most important side effect was excessive or irregular bleeding during the first year. No treatment was offered for this side effect other than vitamins and iron or change of method, with the exception of 3 cases where ethinyl estradiol was used one time for 2 weeks each. Bleeding disturbances led 8 patients to ask for removal of implants. Other side effects were headache, acne and lower abdominal pain. Blood and urine analysis tested 17 different parameters and all but plasma cortisol remained within normal limits throughout the study. A general tendency toward lowered cortisol values was observed and two subjects had more than one value below the normal limit for the population during the study. Glucose tolerance tests during the second year were abnormal in two women with familial diabetes but they returned to normal values spontaneously at the next test. It is concluded that levonorgestrel implants offer effective protection against pregnancy during the first three years of continuous use. Their acceptability and few side effects justify larger trials, especially if treatment of bleeding irregularities is introduced.
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PMID:A three-year clinical trial with levonorgestrel silastic implants. 38 43

Clinical observations were made on 95 serologically or virologically confirmed dengue fever cases during an epidemic in a rural area of Indonesia in December 1976. The age distribution was similar to that observed in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, a highly endemic urban area. The observed disease ranged in severity from undifferentiated fever to shock and death. The majority of patients had acute onset of fever with nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain. Hepatomegaly was observed in only 19% of the patients. A positive tourniquet test was the most frequently observed hemorrhagic manifestation, but epistaxis was observed in 20% and hematemesis in 6% of the patients. Dengue shock syndrome was observed in 37% of the patients. There were four deaths, three of which were confirmed as due to dengue infection by virus isolation. The data suggest that one, and possibly two, of the fatal cases with virus isolation were primary infections, based on the results of hemagglutination-inhibition test using all four dengue antigens.
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PMID:Epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural Indonesia. II. Clinical studies. 46 92

A 17-year-old woman manifested fever, abdominal pain, headache, and hypertension caused by a solitary, benign pheochromocytoma. She also had hypercalcemia and elevated plasma immunoreactive calcitonin levels. After removal of the pheochromocytoma, calcium and calcitonin levels returned to normal. Studies of peripheral and tumor venous blood showed no excess or ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion, but the tumor contained and secreted calcitonin. Sporadic pheochromocytoma may secrete calcitonin and cause hypercalcemia by non-parathyroid hormone-mediated mechanisms. The potential is clearly present for confusion with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism).
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma associated with hypercalcemia and ectopic secretion of calcitonin. 46 64

This paper focuses on recent developments in the areas of mode of action and clinical efficacy of mebendazole use since its introduction in 1974. Mebendazole blocks glucose uptake by adult intestinal-dwelling nematodes and cestodes and their tissue-dwelling larvae. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole has been found to be ovicidal for the eggs of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm with the disadvantages of cost and long duration of therapy; it is also considered the best drug for the treatment of trichuriasis. Among its nonapproved uses, it shows promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness have been reported on rare occasions.
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PMID:Mebendazole. 48 64


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