Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of intravaginal administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) in induction of abortion was determined in a clinical trial of 16 gravidas aged 21-38, parity 0-4, between the 6th-11th weeks of pregnancy. PGF2alpha tablet (50 mg) was inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina and repeated at 1-2 hour intervals; dose range varied from 50-250 mg. Slight to severe labor-like pain was felt by all patients in the lower abdominal region 20 minutes-4 hours after PGF2alpha administration. Vaginal bleeding occurred within 30 minutes-8 hours. In all but 1 case, the fetus and the villi were expelled broken into small pieces. All 16 patients aborted, 7 completely and 9 incompletely. This form of administration is deemed efficacious as 3 patients aborted completely within 5 hours and 4 aborted completely between 15-18 hours. Bleeding in most cases occurred following the onset of abdominal pain, 30 minutes-8 hours after treatment. In another clinical trial, the efficacy of intravaginal administration of PGF2alpha in inducing menstruation was tested in 10 volunteers aged 31-40. Either 50 or 25 mg PGF2alpha tablets were used. The patients recorded their basal body temperature (BBT) every morning. Menstruation was successfully induced in 6 of 10 patients. 6 patients treated 2-3 days before the expected date of menstruation had menstrual-like bleeding 1-9 hours after PGF2alpha administration. 3 patients treated 5, 7, and 13 days (a day before BBT shift) before the expected date of menstruation did not have vaginal bleeding. 1 patient, with monophasic BBT who was treated 3 days before the expected menstruation, did not have menstrual bleeding. Amount of induced flow was more or less the same in most patients; duration of flow was normal in all cases. The mechanism of action of PG in menstruation induction is not known. The authors speculate that PGF2alpha mechanically stimulates separation of the superficial endometrium from the remainder of the uterine wall when the endometrium is in the premenstrual state. Side effects noted were nausea, diarrhea, pyrexia, slight flushing of the face, and headache.
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PMID:The induction of abortion and menstruation by the intravaginal administration of prostaglandin F 2a . 470 6

A woman had episodic attacks of flushing associated with severe skin, bone, and abdominal pain, accompanied by mood alterations and anxiety, and followed by an organic psychosis. These symptoms and signs could be induced by small doses of clonidine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, pentagastrin, insulin, epinephrine, compound 48/80, methacholine, morphine, histamine, or d-tubocurarine. Skin testing showed abnormally sensitive mast cells and an exaggerated axon flare. Cimetidine initially prevented the attacks but became less effective after 18 months. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stopped the skin pain whereas neurotensin reproduced the burning sensation in the skin without inducing the attack. Both the flush and the organic psychosis were reversed entirely by naloxone or naltrexone, and the hallucinosis could be reversed by vasodilators.
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PMID:A case of episodic flushing and organic psychosis: reversal by opiate antagonists. 618 3

A 55-year-old woman with an ovarian carcinoid presented with intermittent facial and cervical flushing for 10 years, watery diarrhea for 4 years, and abdominal pain without hepatomegaly. Markedly elevated systemic venous and arterial serotonin levels (830 ng/ml; nl = 50-200 ng/ml) were found. The highest serotonin levels were observed in the superior vena caval system, but serotonin as a marker for tumor localization was inaccurate and led to an unproductive neck exploration. The histological pattern of this tumor contained purely insular elements. No hepatic or nodal metastases were identified and the lesion was unilateral. Substance P levels were elevated in the venous drainage of the left ovary and in retrospect correctly localized the ovarian tumor. This peptide may prove to be another carcinoid tumor marker in addition to serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Substance P may also be an important mediator of symptoms in patients with carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Substance P in the localization of a carcinoid tumor. 620 86

Eighteen patients with severe symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome were assessed for hepatic embolisation. Four were too ill, and one had mild symptoms; thus 13 received a periembolisation regimen of cyproheptadine, fenclonine, aprotinin, methylprednisolone, tobramycin, flucloxacillin, and metronidazole. Embolisation was not performed in one patient with an occluded portal vein and was unsatisfactory in two others, in one because she was moribund and in the other because the hepatic artery had been ligated. Dramatic improvement in symptoms occurred in the nine patients in whom embolisation was successfully carried out, with abolition of flushing, severe abdominal pain, and wheeze and reduction in diarrhoea from 10.5 (SD 7.6) to 1.6 (0.9) stools/day. Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid fell from 1048 (716) to 289 (184) mumol/24 h (200 (137) to 55 (35) mg/24 h). Complications included one death from septicaemia, a hepatic abscess requiring surgical drainage, abdominal pain in three patients, pleural effusion in two, and transient encephalopathy in one. Relief of symptoms lasted for one to 24 months, and second embolisation in two patients produced further remissions of four to six months. Five patients died, one to 40 months after embolisation, in four cases because of metastases or heart failure. Hepatic embolisation is the treatment of choice for symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome resistant to medical treatment.
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PMID:Role of hepatic arterial embolisation in the carcinoid syndrome. 641 93

Most clinical signs and symptoms of systemic mastocytosis (SM) are attributed to histamine release. We report here a 5-year-old male child with SM, who suffered from the age of 4 months from disseminated skin lesions, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, somnolence, and transient blindness, triggered by heat and egg ingestion. Oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) or placebo were started in a single blind trial at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. The child was studied for 21 months during the administration of three courses of DSCG, each of 6 months' duration, interspersed with three 1-month courses of placebo. During treatment with DSCG all the systemic manifestations improved, and the histaminaemia decreased. During the placebo periods the symptoms, signs, and histaminaemia recurred.
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PMID:Systemic mastocytosis in a 5-year-old child: successful treatment with disodium cromoglycate. 642 16

To study the efficacy of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of pancreatic duct stones, seventeen patients (mean age: 42 years) with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain as a result of chronic calcifying pancreatitis were treated with this method. In all cases, endoscopic removal of the stones proved impossible. When there was fragmentation, the remaining calculi and fragments either evacuated spontaneously, or attempts were made to extract them endoscopically, followed by flushing. In 13 patients (76%), fragmentation of stones was achieved, and 11 of these patients had dramatic pain relief directly after ESWL (65%). However, complete ductal clearance of stones was achieved in only seven patients (41%); at the last follow-up (12-59 months after ESWL, mean: 30 months), all seven were free of symptoms. Of the six patients with stone fragmentation without ductal clearance, three were operated on because of recurrent complaints. The only complication due to the procedure was an exacerbation of pancreatitis in one patient, which was treated conservatively. If pancreatic stones cannot be removed endoscopically, ESWL seems to be preferable to surgery, which may still be performed in case of failure. It seems important to achieve ductal clearance and not merely stone disintegration in order to obtain the desired long-term clinical effects.
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PMID:Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of pancreatic duct stones: immediate and long-term results. 800 83

Autonomic dysreflexia is a poorly understood entity, typically occurring in the spinal cord-injured patient, with paroxysmal hypertension, bradycardia, severe throbbing headache, anxiety and sweating above the level of the lesion. An 18-year-old man underwent removal of a hemangioblastoma from the inferior portion of the fourth ventricle, a region known as the area postrema. Postoperatively he exhibited signs of autonomic failure. He later developed recurrent paroxysmal episodes of abdominal pain, hypertension, skin flushing and headaches. He subsequently was found to have a gastric ulcer. Symptoms and signs significantly improved with its treatment. We postulate that diminished sympathetic outflow occurred as a result of the surgery, creating a situation similar to the spinal cord-injured patient. Autonomic dysreflexia was elicited as a consequence of the noxious input of the gastric ulcer. In other cases of brainstem tumor resection, unrecognized episodes of autonomic dysreflexia may occur. This case also indicates that sympathetic supraspinal control is located at the level of the medulla or higher.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia after brainstem tumor resection. A case report. 826 Jan 35

We describe the clinicopathologic features of 10 patients with recurrent unexplained flushing. These patients were referred to the National Institutes of Health with a diagnosis of mastocytosis or idiopathic anaphylaxis. Both diagnoses were eliminated after evaluation. Patients reported attacks of flushing lasting 15 minutes to 2 days and associated with such symptoms as anxiety, chest tightness, paresthesia, slurred speech, weakness, and pruritus. Abdominal pain was a constant feature, often associated with cramping and an increase in stool frequency. Attacks witnessed by physicians consisted of an exaggerated blush response of the face and upper part of the chest, and were sometimes associated with tachycardia, mild hypertension, and tachypnea. Hives, angioedema, wheezing, and hypotension were not observed. Routine laboratory studies and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and plasma histamine levels were normal. Plasma histamine levels did not elevate during attacks. When performed, results of bone marrow examinations, skin biopsies, and bone scans were normal. Psychiatric examinations frequently revealed somatization disorders. Patients had often been prescribed a wide variety of medications including antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids, with little or no benefit. Despite the benign nature of the clinical and laboratory findings, patients had undergone repeated, often invasive, examinations for several years. Whether such patients have a prominent flush response exaggerated through a somatization disorder or a relatively benign flushing disorder associated with putative mediator release remains to be determined. Recognition of this category of patients with unexplained flushing will avoid subjecting such patients to unwarranted repeated examinations, procedures, and inappropriate therapy.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of ten patients with recurrent unexplained flushing. 830 82

A 33-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of right cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy. She had recent onset of a nonproductive cough but was otherwise asymptomatic. The usual symptoms of carcinoid syndrome such as cutaneous flushing, abdominal pain, and asthma were absent.
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PMID:Atypical carcinoid of the lung with cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy: a case report. 842 88

The complications of a consecutive series of 90 uterine washings performed among 52 women were studied. The amount of discomfort was significantly less than that of endometrial biopsy but greater than that of cervical smear or blood sampling. Incomplete recovery of fluid (< 8 ml from 10 ml flushing fluid) was reported in only 3% of cases. Vaginal bleeding, pelvic infection and delayed abdominal pain were not encountered. The techniques of uterine washing are simple and may have important implications in the study of endometrial function.
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PMID:The techniques and complications of out-patient uterine washing in the assessment of endometrial function. 847 45


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