Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serenoa repens (Permixon) has been available for several years for the treatment of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The drug is the n-hexane lipidosterolic extract of the dwarf American palm (also known as Serenoa repens) and is a complex mixture of various compounds. A number of pharmacodynamic effects have been demonstrated with the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESR), suggesting multiple mechanisms of action including in vitro inhibition of both type 1 and type 2 isoenzymes of 5 alpha-reductase and interference with binding of dihydrotestosterone to cytosolic androgen receptors in prostate cells. In controlled clinical trials in men with BPH, oral administration of Serenoa repens 160 mg twice daily for 1 to 3 months was generally superior to placebo in improving subjective symptoms, such as dysuria, as well as objective parameters. The frequency of nocturia was reduced by 33 to 74%, while urinary frequency during the day decreased by 11 to 43% and peak urinary flow rate increased by 26 to 50% with Serenoa repens. Corresponding values for placebo were 13 to 39%, 1 to 29% and 2 to 35%. The only large comparative trial conducted to date, in which > 1000 men with moderate BPH were randomised to receive Serenoa repens 160 mg twice daily or finasteride 5 mg once daily for 6 months, demonstrated similar efficacy between the two drugs. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between treatment groups for improvement in patient self-rated quality-of-life scores and the primary end-point of objective symptom score; International Prostate Symptom Score improved by 37% with Serenoa repens compared with 39% with finasteride. In much smaller comparative trials, few significant differences were demonstrated between Serenoa repens and alpha 1-receptor antagonists, and larger randomised trials of adequate duration are required to better compare the clinical efficacy of these drugs. The most frequently reported adverse events in clinical trials with Serenoa repens have been minor gastrointestinal problems (e.g. nausea and abdominal pain). In conclusion, Serenoa repens is well tolerated and has greater efficacy than placebo and similar efficacy to finasteride in improving symptoms in men with BPH. Although there is a need for further comparative studies, particularly with alpha 2-receptor antagonists, available data indicate that Serenoa repens is a useful alternative to alpha 1-receptor antagonists and finasteride in the treatment of men with BPH.
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PMID:Serenoa repens (Permixon). A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia. 892 64

Enlarged anorectal lymph nodes can cause colic in young horses by obstructing the caudal aspect of the rectum. Dyschezia and clinical signs consistent with abdominal pain were the predominant reasons for evaluation of the 5 young (3 to 15 month old) horses of this report. Digital transrectal palpation revealed a firm mass obstructing the caudal aspect of the rectum in each horse. Results of cytologic evaluation of the masses revealed a lymphoid population of cells in 4 of 5 horses. These nodes regressed over time or became abscesses and drained into the rectum. In 1 horse, detection of a mature abscess and concomitant dysuria necessitated immediate surgical drainage of the mass; however, the other 4 horses were successfully managed medically, thereby avoiding risks associated with surgery of the perirectal area. Anorectal lymphadenopathy should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young horses with colic.
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PMID:Anorectal lymphadenopathy causing colic, perirectal abscesses, or both in five young horses. 907 84

A 28-year-old African-American man presented with constant, sometimes sharp, abdominal pain that was partially relieved by lying down. The pain had begun five days earlier, starting in his back and radiating to his epigastrium. He had had fever, chills, nausea, and loss of appetite for about two weeks, and constipation for four days. He had not had heartburn, bleeding, dysuria, or recent trauma.
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PMID:A young man with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. 907 72

Presented are two cases from Bangladesh in which an intrauterine device (IUD) transmigrated from the uterine to the pelvic cavity. In the first case, a 19-year-old woman with 2 children had a Copper T-380A IUD inserted by a paramedic in 1988. About 4 days later, she developed lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. An attempt to remove the IUD by dilatation and curettage was unsuccessful and the patient was lost to follow up. In 1995, after she had delivered 3 more children, this patient presented with burning micturition, dysuria, and increased frequency. A plain film revealed a T-shaped radio-opaque shadow in the pelvis. A T-shaped vesical calculus was removed through suprapubic cystolithotomy. In the second case, a 28-year-old woman had a Copper T-380A IUD inserted in 1991. One month later, she developed increased frequency of micturition and could not locate the device's nylon string. A plain film and ultrasonogram of the pelvis indicated the IUD had perforated the uterus and migrated to the bladder. The device was removed through suprapubic cystolithotomy. In both cases, the postoperative recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Vesical calculus around an intra-uterine contraceptive device. 912 6

In 1994 Chlamydia trachomatis specimens from 175 men and 135 women attending a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted disease were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism of the omp1 gene. Information about the patients was collected at their initial visit. The associations between C. trachomatis genotype and patients' self-reported symptoms, clinical signs, and characteristics were studied. Genotypes E, F, and D/D-predominated (men: 71%; women: 60%). Five specimens (1.6%) showed evidence of mixed infections. Among men, complaints of urethral discharge and dysuria were most commonly associated with genotypes H and J (100% vs. 59%-68% for the other genotypes; P = .03); in addition, > or = 10 leukocytes per microscopic field were least often observed for genotypes G/Ga (19% vs. 59%-65% for the other genotypes; P = .01). Women's reports of lower abdominal pain were more often associated with F, G group genotypes (32%) than with B-complex (6%) or C-complex (13%) genotypes (P = .02). Certain symptoms of genital C. trachomatis infection were related to the infecting genotype. Further work will be necessary and should involve markers of the host immune response.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes: correlation with clinical manifestations of infection and patients' characteristics. 950 48

Recognition of children at greatest risk for urolithiasis may allow early detection or prevention of stone formation. We report clinical data from 196 children aged 0.9-15.9 years in whom renal ultrasound examination revealed hyperechogenic spots in renal calyces less than 3 mm in diameter. We called this finding "calyceal microlithiasis" (CM). There was a history of urolithiasis in 70.4% of patients in at least one first- or second-degree relative. Presenting symptoms were recurrent abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria, occurring alone or in combination. Hematuria was the presenting symptom in 41% of patients and was the only urinary finding in more than one-third. Hypercalciuria was present in about one-third and hyperuricuria in one-fifth of the patients. Of 29 patients who were followed for at least 2 years, 9 developed calculi 4-7 mm in diameter. CM possibly represents the first step in calculus formation. The finding of CM might explain a number of symptoms and signs that are often mild and non-specific, thus reducing invasive diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Calyceal microlithiasis in children: report on 196 cases. 963 40

To investigate the long-term outcome of the frequency-dysuria syndrome (FDS) with hypercalciuria (HCU), 19 children (15 girls and 4 boys; age range 15 months to 10 years) who presented with FDS alone (N=9) or with other associated clinical features (N=10; 6 with gross hematuria, 3 with microscopic hematuria and 1 with abdominal pain) were followed-up over 720 patient-months. Calcium loading test indicated absorptive HCU in 12 patients, renal HCU in 2, and in 5 the test was inconclusive. All patients were treated with a standard protocol after diagnosis. During follow-up, FDS recurred in 4 children, gross hematuria in 3, lumbar pain in 5, and 7 children developed urolithiasis within 3 to 60 months. The latter 7 children (4 with absorptive HCU and 1 with renal HCU) tended to be older than the other 12 (7.14 vs 5.08 years; p=0.11) and required a longer time to normalize urinary calcium excretion (16 vs 7 months; p <0.01). The initial urinary calcium excretion was similar between the patients with and those without stones (5.53 vs 5.6 mg/kg/d). In all other parameters measured, there were no statistically significant differences between the patients who initially presented with FDS alone and those with FDS accompanied with other urinary symptoms. We conclude that HCU and FDS in children can vary considerably in the clinical mode of presentation as well as its sequels. Significant risk for urolithiasis burdens the children who require a longer time (>12 months) to normalize their hypercalciuria.
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PMID:Symptomatology and development of urolithiasis in children with frequency-dysuria syndrome associated with hypercalciuria. 993 1

A 13-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 5-day history of lower abdominal pain and dysuria that coincided with the onset of her last menstrual period. Menarche occurred 4 months previously and previous cycles were normal. The CAT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a uterus didelphis with obstruction. Abdominal pain was due to hematocolpos and hematometra. The left hemivagina was distended with hematocolpos, and left renal agenesis was also noted. The vaginal septum was removed surgically without complications and she continued to be monitored closely.
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PMID:Lower Abdominal Pain in a Perimenarchal Adolescent. 1036 1

Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) has not been widely recognized as a clinical manifestation of hypercalciuria in children. We studied 59 children with two or more episodes of UTI, a normal urinary tract, and with hypercalciuria. Clinical manifestations were fever, dysuria, straining with micturition, hematuria, polyuria, abdominal pain, and failure to thrive. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.36+/-0.15 mg/mg. Renal function studies included serum bicarbonate (21+/-3 mmol/l), urinary/blood PCO2 difference (11+/-11 mmHg), urinary net acid excretion (63+/-3 micromol/min per 1.73 m2), uric acid fractional excretion (13%+/-12%), and maximal urinary osmolality (920+/-236 mosmol/kg). Treatment included promotion of fluid intake, avoiding excessive salt and protein, and keeping dietary calcium between 900 and 1,200 mg/day. Potassium citrate or hydrochlorothiazide were indicated if hypercalciuria persisted. With this treatment, in 95% of the children, no further episodes of UTI occurred once normocalciuria was achieved. It is possible that hypercalciuria may play a predisposing role for recurrent UTI in children by promoting the formation of microcrystals which damage the uroepithelium. We advocate the investigation of urinary calcium excretion in children with recurrent UTI and a normal urinary tract.
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PMID:Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infection in Venezuelan children. 1041 65

Calyceal microlithiasis (CM) is characterized by the sonographic finding of hyperechogenic spots less than 3 mm in diameter in renal calyces, and it may be the first step in calculus formation. From January 1992 to January 1998, we have observed 216 children with CM. The present report deals with 34 of them in whom renal sonography was negative at first observation and the diagnosis of CM was made only on repeated sonographic examinations. The presenting symptoms were recurrent abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria occurring alone or in combination. Half of the patients had hypercalciuria. A history of urolithiasis in at least one first- or second-degree relative was present in 85% of patients. Renal sonography was repeated after 6-22 months (mean 11) and showed unilateral CM in 16 subjects and bilateral in 18. The finding of CM may be preceded by a period of time when symptoms and/or signs are present while microcalculi are not yet detectable. Repeated ultrasound examinations may be needed not only in patients with hypercalciuria but also in those with recurrent abdominal pain, dysuria, and/or hematuria not associated with hypercalciuria.
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PMID:Renal calyceal microlithiasis: clinical presentation may precede sonographic evidence. 1050 Aug 84


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