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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Roxatidine (150 mg, 312 patients) was compared with ranitidine (300 mg, 308 patients) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 6-week therapeutic study for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated, benign gastric ulcer disease. The study end points (verified by using endoscopy results) were fully healed ulcers at 4 or 6 weeks. The results of roxatidine therapy were comparable to those of ranitidine therapy: healing rates of 52% and 54% at week 4 and 77% and 76% at week 6 were recorded for roxatidine and ranitidine, respectively. The drugs produced comparable reductions in ulcer diameters and decreases in abdominal pain. Adverse events associated with both roxatidine (27%) and ranitidine (28%) were headache, diarrhea, and dizziness; rash was associated in 6 of 8 cases and in only 1 case with roxatidine. In this trial, roxatidine 150 mg once daily was as efficacious and safe as ranitidine 300 mg once daily for treatment of patients with uncomplicated, benign gastric ulcer disease.
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PMID:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparison of roxatidine with ranitidine in the treatment of patients with uncomplicated benign gastric ulcer disease. The Multicenter Roxatidine Cooperative Study Group. 758 51

Mefloquine is an orally administered blood schizontocide. Initial dose-finding and comparative studies performed between 1977 and 1989 demonstrated efficacy of mefloquine as prophylaxis in nonimmune individuals and in the suppression and treatment of malaria in adults and children caused by multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. It was also effective against P. vivax infection, while data concerning the treatment of P. ovale and P. malariae infections were limited. In an attempt to delay the emergence of resistance to this promising antimalarial agent, mefloquine was combined with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. Although initial clinical trials indicated that this regimen was effective in preventing and treating falciparum malaria, recent treatment failures, the potential for severe dermatological reactions and lack of therapeutic advantage over mefloquine alone has prompted the World Health Organization to recommended that the combination be no longer used for treatment or prophylaxis of malaria. Mefloquine is generally well tolerated in both adults and children, with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness, rash, pruritus and abdominal pain being the most common adverse effects, although it is difficult to distinguish between disease- and treatment-related events. The incidence of these adverse effects is similar to or lower than those observed with other antimalarial agents. Cardiovascular changes, such as bradycardia, occasionally occur. The most notable adverse effects associated with mefloquine are neuropsychiatric disturbances; precipitation of such events should be closely monitored and requires termination of prophylaxis or therapy. The eventual emergence of resistance to mefloquine, as with many other antimalarial agents, was inevitable. Mefloquine resistance is established in certain areas of Thailand and may be becoming a growing problem in other regions of the world. In order to preserve the efficacy of mefloquine in non-resistant areas, this useful agent should be used with care and only prescribed for prophylaxis in travellers and treatment in areas of multidrug-resistant plasmodia. Future options to combat mefloquine resistance may include the combination of mefloquine with other antimalarial agents such as qinghaosu derivatives. Thus, with cautious use and possible combination with other agents, mefloquine is likely to remain an important treatment option for falciparum malaria, a widespread parasitic disease for which an increasing number of drugs have proved inadequate.
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PMID:Mefloquine. A review of its antimalarial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. 768 11

Because the symptomatic treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited, new approaches have been sought. Anatomical studies of MS lesions show a relative preservation of axons, and clinical studies suggest that some of the neurological impairment in patients with MS is physiological. Electrophysiological studies suggest that demyelination exposes axonal potassium channels that decrease action-potential duration and amplitude, hindering action-potential propagation. Potassium channel blockers, including aminopyridines, have been shown to improve nerve conduction in experimentally demyelinated nerves. Two potassium channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (AP) and 3,4 diaminopyridine (DAP) have been tested in patients with MS. Preliminary studies of AP demonstrated benefit in many temperature-sensitive patients with MS, and improvement of function was found in a large randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 3 months of oral treatment in 68 patients with MS. An open-label trial of DAP showed improvement in some deficits, and a double-blind placebo-controlled trial showed significant improvements in prospectively defined neurological deficits. A crossover comparison of the two agents suggested that AP produces more central nervous system side effects (dizziness and confusion), whereas DAP produces more peripheral side effects (paresthesias and abdominal pain). Both agents have rarely caused seizures. These studies suggest that aminopyridines may provide a new approach to the symptomatic treatment of MS.
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PMID:The current status of studies of aminopyridines in patients with multiple sclerosis. 801 70

Omeprazole has been marketed in France since 1989, for the healing of peptic ulcers, erosive reflux esophagitis and the Zollinger Ellison syndrome. It is a proton pump inhibitor which inhibits the acid secretion in the stomach. In the majority of the clinical trials, omeprazole has been found to be well tolerated: headache, dizziness, skin rash, constipation have just been noted. Since September 1989, 143 adverse reactions have been reported to pharmacovigilance centres and Astra France: 37 neurological and psychiatric side effects, especially confusion in patients with hepatic diseases and/or advanced age; 35 cutaneous reactions, generally rash and urticaria; 22 hematological effects: leucopenia and agranulocytosis have been reported but the relation with omeprazole is very uncertain; 10 gastrointestinal effects, generally diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain; 8 hepatic disorders, especially moderate elevation of aminotransferases. This study confirms the safety of this drug, during short treatment; the frequency of notified adverse effects is about 1/12 200 treatments of 4 weeks. The ministry of health, has decided, in november 1991, to inform the prescribers of this potential toxicity of omeprazole, particularly, of the risk of confusion, hepatotoxicity and leucopenia.
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PMID:[Evaluation of unexpected and toxic effects of omeprazole (Mopral) reported to the regional centers of pharmacovigilance during the first 22 postmarketing months]. 814 27

We performed a prospective randomized trial in a predominantly outpatient colonoscopy population to see how preparation with oral sodium phosphate solution compares with polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage in terms of the quality of colon cleansing, ease of preparation, and gastrointestinal intolerance. Before colonoscopy, a nurse administered a questionnaire to the patient to assess how well the preparation was tolerated (scale from 1 to 5:1 = easy, to 5 = unable to finish) and about the presence of four symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. The quality of colon cleansing was graded by the attending gastroenterologist, who was unaware of how the patient was prepared or tolerated the preparation (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor). The overall quality of bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol lavage was slightly better than with sodium phosphate (mean score, 1.93 vs 2.07); however, the difference was not statistically different. No statistical difference was seen in the frequency of patients with poor preparations (14.2% for sodium phosphate, 9.6% for polyethylene glycol lavage). Patients found preparation with sodium phosphate to be somewhat easier than polyethylene glycol lavage (mean score, 2.07 vs 2.41; p = 0.05). No difference was seen in the incidence of abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Dizziness was more common with sodium phosphate but was mild and not believed to be clinically important. We conclude that the quality of colon cleansing is similar with polyethylene glycol lavage and oral sodium phosphate solution, with satisfactory preparation seen in 85% to 90% of patients. Patients found preparation with sodium phosphate to be slightly easier to tolerate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective, randomized trial comparing sodium phosphate solution with polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage for colonoscopy preparation. 822 83

Thirty-three female patients suffering from acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated with intramuscular artemether for 5 days during May-October 1990. Fourteen patients received 160 mg as an initial dose, followed by 80 mg daily for 4 days. Nineteen patients with low body weight (mean weight of 36.5 kg) were given artemether at 3.2/kg as a loading dose and followed by 1.6 mg/kg/dose for another 4 days. The geometric mean of parasitemia was 17,378/microliters (range 640-234,720). The mean fever (FCT) and parasite clearance time (PCT) were 41.8 and 49.4 hours, respectively. Two patients had probable intercurrent infection with FCT of over 7 days. Thirty-one patients had completed the 28-day follow-up. The cure rate was 90.3% (28/31). Three patients had RI type of response. Mild and transient adverse effects were experienced in eleven patients; these consisted of pain at the injection sites, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, palpitation and diarrhea. These symptoms may in part be due to symptom complex of malaria. The MIC of chloroquine, quinine, quinidine and mefloquine was performed in all patients but only 25 isolates were successfully cultured and tested. The MIC of all tested drugs were shown to be higher than that of previous studies, suggesting that there is a rapid increase of mefloquine resistant strains of falciparum malaria. In conclusion, artemether proves to be effective against multiple drug resistant falciparum malaria (including mefloquine resistant strains) and can be considered as an alternative antimalarial to mefloquine. The drug was well tolerated in female patients with mild and transient side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intramuscular artemether in female patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. 836 6

A review was conducted of the safety and tolerability of fluvoxamine in 54 worldwide marketing studies that enrolled 24,624 patients, the majority of whom were treated with fluvoxamine in uncontrolled studies in depression. In accordance with the general epidemiologic distribution of depressive disorder, female patients and patients aged between 30 and 50 years predominated. The majority of patients were treated for 6 weeks, the most frequent, or modal, total daily dose being 100 mg. Overall, 57.4% of the patients exposed to fluvoxamine did not have any adverse experiences. The greatest proportion of adverse experiences, as defined using COSTART body systems, affected the digestive system (24.1%), the nervous system (23.7%), and the body as a whole (15.3%). The only adverse experience with an incidence greater than 10% was nausea (15.7%); somnolence (6.9%) and asthenia (6.2%) were the next most frequent adverse experiences. Notably, the rates of agitation and anxiety were only 1.4% and 1.3%, respectively. The incidences of adverse experiences generally increased with age and were slightly higher in females than in males. In total, 15.1% of patients discontinued treatment prematurely as a result of adverse experiences, principally nausea, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence, abdominal pain, and headache. The overall incidence of serious adverse events in association with fluvoxamine treatment was 2.5% when U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria and the most conservative approach, without causality judgments, were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety database on fluvoxamine: analysis and report. 837 16

This is the first report on human toxicosis in China caused by moldy rice contaminated with Fusarium and T-2 toxin due to heavy rainfall during rice harvest season. One hundred and sixty-five persons ate the moldy rice and ninety-seven persons fall ill of food poisoning. The incidence was 58.8% and latent period was 10-30 min. The chief symptoms were nausea, dizziness, vomiting, chills, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, thoracic stuffiness and diarrhea. The fungi isolated from the moldy rice were predominantly Fusarium heterosporum (F. heterosporum) and F. graminearum. T-2 toxin was found in these moldy rice and the highest level was 420 ppb. The chief causative agent of intoxication was T-2 toxin.
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PMID:Human toxicosis caused by moldy rice contaminated with fusarium and T-2 toxin. 847 34

A total of 217 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled by 25 Canadian centers in this double-blind, parallel study to compare the efficacy and safety of enalapril administered alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. After a 4-week placebo period, patients were given 10 mg of enalapril for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks of therapy, patients were maintained on the same dose of enalapril, titrated to a higher dose of enalapril, or received combination therapy with hydrochlorothiazide if their diastolic blood pressure remained > 90 mmHg. Patients in group 1 received enalapril 10 mg or 20 mg and those in group 2 received enalapril 10 mg alone or combined with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. The maintenance phase lasted 8 weeks. A standard mercury sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure at each visit. The mean decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was 16 mmHg in groups 1 and 2; the mean decrease in supine systolic blood pressure (SSBP) was 19 mmHg in group 1 and 20 mmHg in group 2. Eighty percent of the patients in group 1 and 81% of those in group 2 had an SDBP < or = 90 mmHg at the final visit. To achieve this control, 67% of the patients received enalapril 10 mg and 33% received enalapril 20 mg in group 1. In group 2, 70% of the patients received enalapril 10 mg and 30% received enalapril 10 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. Eighteen patients in group 1 and 17 patients in group 2 experienced one or more minor adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse events were headache, asthenia, abdominal pain, nausea, and dizziness. No major adverse events were observed. We conclude that enalapril used alone reduces blood pressure in the majority of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. When blood pressure is not controlled by enalapril alone, hydrochlorothiazide can safely be added to the regimen.
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PMID:Enalapril and enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension. The Enalapril-Hydrochlorothiazide in Essential Hypertension Canadian Working Group. 851 44

1. The pharmacokinetics and tolerance of DV-7751a were investigated in healthy male Caucasian volunteers after single oral doses (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg). 2. DV-7751a was rapidly absorbed in the fasted state. The mean maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) ranged from 0.27 to 1.98 micrograms/ml for the 100-800-mg dose and the mean time to reach Cmax (tmax) ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 h. The terminal half-life ranged from 8.75 to 10.0 h. A good linear correlation (r = 0.974) was found between doses from 100 to 800 mg and the resulting area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). The plasma protein binding of the drug was in the range of 57-65%. 3. Within 48 h, the cumulative urinary excretion of unchanged drug amounted to 22.0-26.8% of the dose administered. Faecal recovery of the drug up to 72 h after the 400-mg dose was about 12% of the dose given. 4. Adverse events thought to be possibly related to the drug included headache, rash, leg cramp, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, CNS depression and dizziness. DV-7751a, however, was well tolerated with no serious adverse events at any doses and all subjects completed the study. No drug crystals were observed in the urine.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug after single oral doses in healthy volunteers. 857 68


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