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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Barrio San Antonio is a coastal settlement on the San Juanico straits in the municipality of Basey on the island of Samar, the Philippines. It has a population of approximately 1,900 in 320 households. Initially, 851 residents (45%) of 240 households participated in this survey to determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and morbidity as indicated by associated hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. As a result of an initial single stool examination of 1 ml by a modified formalin concentration technique, 40% of this population was found to be infected. On subsequent examinations, with the addition of serologic techniques and recording the history of therapy, approximately 70% of this population was found to be infected with S. japonicum after the age of 10 years. If judged by the number of eggs produced per milliliter of feces, infection intensity in this population might be considered to be low. However, 25% (73 of 391 positives on single examination) exhibited schistosomal hepatomegaly or hepato-splenomegaly and had a mean egg count of 10.9. Those infected but without hepatomegaly had a slightly lower mean egg count of 8.4. Of the infected males with hepatomegaly, 75% were 19 years of age or less and 45% of these were producing less than 10 eggs/ml of stool. Of infected females with hepatomegaly, only 28% were 19 years of age or less, and 68% of these were producing less than 10 eggs/ml. Abdominal pain, distress, diarrhea, and dysentery were significantly more frequent in the infected than uninfected persons, and this frequency was related to egg output. The heights and weights of these infected individuals were less than those of the uninfected members of this population and significantly less than the Filipino norm. The small percentage of the infected population (6.6%) that were producing 51% of the eggs had a mean egg count of approximately 260 with a mean age of 33.7. In this group, 7 of the 22 individuals were in the age group 10--14 years and 15 were above 20 years of age. Although some individuals of Barrio San Antonio have sought therapy, this population and area have been largely unstudied and have not up to the present been involved in control or mass chemotherapy programs. The findings of this survey give an opportunity to determine the impact of such programs when they are instituted in this area.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis japonica in Barrio San Antonio, Basey, Samar , The Philippines. I. Epidemiology and morbidity. 31 24

A multicentre trial was conducted to compare Lomotil and Imodium in the treatment of acute non-specific diarrhoea in general practice. A total of eighty-three patients contributed to the study and were randomly allocated to one of the two treatments. No statistically significant differences were found betwwen the drugs in their efficacy and speed of action in alleviating diarrhoea or in their palliative effect on nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain when present.
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PMID:A comparison of lomotil and imodium in acute non-specific diarrhoea. 33 Feb 91

Students attending a Mexican university who developed diarrhea were randomly treated with bismuth subsalicylate or a placebo. One hundred and eleven were given 30 ml each 1/2 hr until eight doses (total dose of active drug 4.2 g) were given and 58 students received twice this dose (8.2 g of active drug) over the 3 1/2-hr treatment period. The number of unformed stools was significantly decreased in both bismuth subsalicylate treatment groups compared to the placebo controls for the period 4 to 24 hr after therapy. A reduction in diarrhea was additionally noted for the duration of the 48-hr surveillance period for the students receiving the higher dose of active drug. Subjective relief within 24 hr of therapy of the symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain or cramps was reported with a significantly increased frequency in the bismuth subsalicylate group. The most pronounced effect of the treatment occurred in the United States students with diarrhea who had recently arrived in Mexico. This appeared to be related to the favorable effect of bismut subsalicylate on the course of toxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Students with shigellosis did not experience a prolonged illness in either treatment group.
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PMID:Symptomatic treatment of diarrhea with bismuth subsalicylate among students attending a Mexican university. 33 Mar 7

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which infects a large portion of the world's population. Individuals with infection confined to the intestinal tract are often asymptomatic but may have abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, and other nonspecific complaints. Enhanced proliferation of the parasite in compromised hosts causes an augmentation of the normal life-cycle. Resultant massive invasion of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs is termed the hyperinfection syndrome. If the worm burden is excessive, parasitic invasion of other tissues occurs and is termed disseminated strongyloidiasis. A variety of underlying conditions appear to predispose to severe infections. These are primarily diseases characterized by immunodeficiency due to defective T-lymphocyte function (Table 1). Individuals with less severe disorders become compromised hosts because of therapeutic regimens consisting of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medication. The debilitation of chronic illness or malnutrition also predisposes to systemic stronglyloidiasis. The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis can be readily made by microscopic examination of concentrates of upper small bowel fluid, stool, or sputum. Important clues suggesting this infection include unexplained gram-negative bacillary bacteremia in a compromised host who may have vague abdominal complaints, an ileus pattern on X-ray, and pulmonary infiltrates. Eosinophilia is helpful, if present, but should not be relied upon to exclude the diagnosis. The treatment of systemic infection due to Strongyloides stercoralis with either thiabensazole 25 mg/kg orally twice daily is satisfactory if the diagnosis is made early. Because of several unusual features of this illness in compromised hosts, the standard recommendation for 2 days of therapy should be abandoned in such patients. Immunodeficiency, corticosteroids, and bowel ileus reduce drug efficacy. Thus a longer treatment period of at leuch as blind loops or diverticula necessitate longer treatment. Stool specimens and upper small bowel aspirates should be monitored regularly and treatment continued several days beyond the last evidence of the parasite. In particularly difficult situations where either worm eradication is impossible or reinfection is probable, short monthly courses of antihelminthic therapy seem to be effective in averting recurrent systemic illness. Finally, prevention of hyperinfection or dissemination due to Strongyloides stercoralis can be accomplished by screening immunocompromised hosts with stool and upper small bowel aspirate examinations. These would be especially important prior to initiating chemotherapy, or before giving immunosuppressive medications or corticosteroids to patients with nonneoplastic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, or renal allografts.
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PMID:Overwhelming strongyloidiasis: an unappreciated opportunistic infection. 36 22

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of man that is still regularly encountered in many parts of the United States. Strongyloidiasis should be considered in any child with unexplained eosinophilia, steatorrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, or chronic diarrhea, especially if associated with weight loss, growth failure, or recurrent upper abdominal pain. This parasite should be ruled out in any patient from an endemic region who is to be treated with corticosteroids of immunosuppressive agents. Microscopical examination of duodenal fluid, Baermann's fecal extraction technique, or the Haradi-Mori stool culture method may be required to make a diagnosis because the organism is not routinely found in concentrated feces even after multiple examinations in some infected individuals. A diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is important because the disease is curable.
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PMID:Strongyloidiasis in childhood. 36 97

A retrospective study was conducted of 35 children in whom Dientamoeba fragilis was the only parasite found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 32 (91%) of these children; diarrhea was the most common finding in patients with acute symptoms, whereas abdominal pain was more common in children with chronic symptoms. Peripheral eosinophilia was present in half of the children examined and was statistically more significant in patients with D fragilis than in a control group of children admitted for elective surgery. Therapy with diiodohydroxyquin or metronidazole was effective; children's symptoms were diminished or were eliminated on follow-up evaluation after treatment. From this association between therapy and symptomatic relief, D fragilis should be considered pathogenic in those children with GI symptoms.
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PMID:Dientamoeba fragilis. An intestinal pathogen in children? 37 18

Campylobacter fetus subspecies (ssp.) jejuni has been recently recognized to cause diarrheal disease in man. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen, we prospectively studied 514 patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from the feces of 26 patients (5%) and seven of 11 of their symptomatic household contacts. This organism was isolated from the feces of only one of 18 asymptomatic household contacts and not at all from 157 other healthy persons. Seventeen of 20 patients from whom C. fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from fecal culture showed at least a fourfold rise in specific IgG titers. Review of 35 cases of campylobacter enteritis identified a typical clinical syndrome with acute onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and constitutional symptoms. Stool examination revealed blood in 60% and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in 78% of patients. Epidemiologic investigation strongly suggested an external source for the infection in 22 of 35 patients.
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PMID:Campylobacter enteritis: clinical and epidemiologic features. 38 Apr 33

Records of 1084 patients entered into the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study were analyzed to gather information concerning the natural history and clinical features of Crohn's disease. The age of onset reached a single peak between the second and fourth decade and was evenly distributed in both sexes. There was an average interval of 35 mo from onset of symptoms to diagnosis. Involvement of both colon and terminal ileum was the most frequent pattern and was present in 55% of patients. The disease was confined to the terminal ileum, other areas of the small intestine, or colon-only in 14%, 3%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Sigmoidoscopic abnormalities were seen in 34% of all patients and 51% of patients with Crohn's colitis. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever were present in the majority of the patients. Lower GI bleeding, fever, and perianal complications characterized patients with colon-only involvement. The frequency of extra intestinal manifestations was similar in all groups. Among patients who were randomized to placebo, 32% achieved a spontaneous remission by the end of 17 wk, and 53% of these were still in remission at the end of 24 mo. Clinical remission was associated with an improvement in barium x-rays in 18% of the patients. The predicted factors associated with favorable outcome in placebo-treated patients were: previous surgical removal of all observable disease, absence of perianal disease, and Crohn's Disease Activity Index value under 200.
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PMID:Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. 38 Oct 94

A prospective study of 32 patients with primary upper small intestinal lymphoma in our region revealed 10 cases of alpha heavy-chain disease. Patients were mostly in the second and third decades of life and males predominated. Weight loss, diarrhea, and abdominal pain were the most common complaints and clubbing the most frequent physical findings. Laboratory tests revealed a malabsorption pattern on intestinal x-rays, and malabsorption of xylose, fat, and vitamin B12 was frequently noted. Dense plasmacytic infiltrate of the lamina propria of small bowel was the most frequent pathologic finding while true neoplasm of the lymphoid system (ie, immunoblastic sarcoma) was encountered in 20% of the cases.
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PMID:Alpha heavy-chain disease in southern Iran. 41 71

23 consecutive patients (13 women, 10 men; mean age 31 years) with acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease were treated by a dietary regimen based on "resting" the bowel by parenteral nutrition or a balanced synthetic diet (Vivasorb), followed by stepwide introduction of a low-residue diet. Cardinal symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea, incomplete ileus or weight loss responded favourably to treatment in each case. Postoperative fistulae closed in two of three patients. Enterocutaneous fistulae, however, remained open in all five patients, although the volume of secretion decreased distinctly in four. During the follow-up period (averaging nine months after discharge from hospital) symptoms recurred in five patients, necessitating operative treatment in three.
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PMID:[Results of treating the acute stage of Crohn's disease by a dietary regimen (author's transl)]. 41 56


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